Investigation of the Presence and Antimicrobial Susceptibilities of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis in Subclinical Mastitis in Cattle Raised in the Aegean Region

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 2, 202 - 207, 27.03.2025

Çağatay Nuhay

https://doi.org/10.35229/jaes.1629149

Öz

Abstract: This study aims to investigate the presence of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis and its antimicrobial susceptibility in cattle with subclinical mastitis in the Aegean Region. In 2024, 200 milk samples were collected from dairy farms in the region where subclinical mastitis was identified using the California Mastitis Test. The samples were analyzed through culture, Gram staining, and biochemical testing. Suspected isolates were confirmed using the VITEK 2 system and molecularly identified by PCR targeting the PIP gene. Antimicrobial susceptibility was assessed via the Kirby-Bauer Disk Diffusion Method. Seven Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis isolates were identified in the analysis. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests showed 71% sensitivity to enrofloxacin and gentamicin, 57% to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, and 43% to oxytetracycline. In conclusion, although the detection rate of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis was low, it remains a significant pathogen in cattle with subclinical mastitis. Further studies on antibiotic resistance are essential for developing effective treatment strategies.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Aegean Region , antimicrobial resistance , cattle , Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis , PCR , subclinical mastitis

Etik Beyan

Ethics committee approval was obtained from Bornova Veterinary Control Institute (Date: 04.12.2024, Number: 16964053 )

Ege Bölgesinde Yetiştirilen Subklinik Mastitisli Sığırlarda Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis Varlığının Araştırılması ve Antimikrobiyal Duyarlılıklarıın Belirlenmesi

Öz

Öz: Bu çalışmanın amacı, Ege Bölgesi’nde subklinik mastitisli sığırlarda Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis varlığını ve bu bakterinin antimikrobiyal duyarlılığını araştırmaktır. 2024 yılında Ege Bölgesi’ndeki süt çiftliklerinden, California Mastitis Testi ile subklinik mastitis saptanan 200 süt örneği toplandı. Örnekler kültür, Gram boyama ve biyokimyasal testlerle analiz edildi. Şüpheli izolatlar, VITEK 2 sistemi kullanılarak doğrulandı ve PIP geni için PCR ile moleküler olarak tanımlandı. İzolatların antimikrobiyal duyarlılığı Kirby-Bauer Disk Difüzyon Yöntemi ile değerlendirildi. Yapılan analizlerde 7 adet Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis izolatı tespit edildi. Antibiyogram sonuçlarına göre izolatların enrofloksasin ve gentamisine %71, amoksisilin-klavulanik aside %57, oksitetrasikline %43 duyarlı olduğu belirlendi. Sonuç olarak, Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis düşük tespit oranlarına sahip olmasına rağmen subklinik mastitisli sığırlarda önemli bir patojen olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Antibiyotik direnci ile ilgili daha fazla çalışma yapılması, etkili tedavi stratejileri geliştirilmesi açısından büyük önem taşımaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Antimikrobiyal direnç , Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis , Ege Bölgesi , PCR , sığır , subklinik mastitis

Kaynakça

• Abdelsalam, E.B. & Ahmed, M.A. (2017). Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis mastitis in Egyptian dairy goats. Small Ruminant Research, 152, 96-100. DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2018.1507-1511
• Algammal, A.M. (2016). Molecular characterization and antibiotic susceptibility of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis isolated from sheep and goats suffering from caseous lymphadenitis. Zagazig Veterinary Journal, 44(1), 1-8.
• Baird, G.J. & Fontaine, M.C. (2011). Mastitis in dairy cattle caused by Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis and the feasibility of transmission by houseflies. Veterinary Research Communications, 35(3), 245-256. DOI: 10.1080/01652176.1996.9694623
• Babacan, O. (2024). Koyun ve kuzuların deri apselerinden Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis’in teşhisi. Harran University Journal of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 13(2), 123-127. DOI: 10.31196/huvfd.1534493
• Bauer, A.W., Kirby, W.M.M., Sherris, J.C. & Turck, M. (1966). Antibiotic susceptibility testing by a standardized single disk method. American Journal of Clinical Pathology, 45, 493.
• Cantekin, Z., Ergün, Y., Doǧruer, G., Saribay, M.K. & Solmaz, H. (2015). Comparison of PCR and culture methods for diagnosis of subclinical mastitis in dairy cattle. Kafkas University Veterinary Faculty Journal, 21(2), 277-282.
• Çelik, Ö., Sur, E. & Çetin, H. (2021). Aydın İli Söke İlçesinde Sütçü İneklerde Subklinik Mastitis Prevalansının ve Mastitise Neden Olan Aerobik Bakterilerin Belirlenmesi. Harran University Journal of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 10(2), 100-106. DOI: 10.31196/huvfd.912187
• Çiftçi, M.K., Berkin, Ş., Erer, H., Erganiş, O., Kıran, M.M., Hatipoğlu, F. & SağlamY.S. (1996). Pathological and bacteriological studies on mastitis in goats. Eurasian Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 12(2), 105-114.
• CLSI. (2013). Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing; 23rd informational supplement. CLSI M100- S23. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, Wayne, PA.
• Connor, K.M. & Quirie, M. (2010). Outbreak of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis mastitis in a dairy herd. Australian Veterinary Journal, 88(4), 150-155. DOI: 10.1111/j.1751- 0813.2010.00560.x
• D’Afonseca, V., Prosdocimi, F., Dorella, F.A., Pacheco, L.G.C. & Moraes, P.M. (2010). Survey of genome organization and gene content of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis. Microbiological Research, 165(4), 312-320. DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2009.05.002
• Dorella, F.A., Pacheco, L.G. & Miyoshi, A. (2008). Experimental Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis mastitis in dairy cows. Research in Veterinary Science, 84(4), 507-512.
• Dufour, S., Labrie, J. & Jacques, M. (2019). The Mastitis Pathogens Culture Collection. Microbiology Resources Announcements, 8, e00133-19.
• El Damaty, H.M., El-Demerdash, A.S., Abd El-Aziz, N.K., Yousef, S.G., Hefny, A.A., Abo Remela, E.M., Shaker, A. & Elsohaby, I. (2023). Molecular characterization and antimicrobial susceptibilities of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis isolated from caseous lymphadenitis of smallholder sheep and goats. Animals, 13(14). DOI: 10.3390/ani13142337
• Gonzalez, S. & Garcia, M. (2019). Chronic mastitis in goats caused by Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis. Journal of Small Ruminant Medicine, 10(3), 123-129.
• Gökdağ, M. O., & Çiftci, A. (2021). Antibiotic resistance and virulence gene profiles in Staphylococci isolated from cattle with mastitis. J. Anatol. Env. Anim. Scie., 6(3), 395-402. DOI: 10.35229/jaes.954156
• Hadimli, H.H., Erganiş, O., Kav, K. & Sayın, Z. (2006). Corynebacterium species isolated from milk samples of dairy cows with mastitis and antibiotic susceptibilities. Eurasian Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 22(3), 15-19.
• İlhan, Z. (2018). Mastitiste teşhis ve immunoprofilaksi. Türkiye Klinikleri Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 4(2), 1-6.
• İlhan, Z. (2020). Kazeöz Lenfadenitisli Koyunlardan İzole Edilen Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis Suşlarının in-Vitro Antibiyotik Duyarlılıkları. Kocatepe Veterinary Journal, 13(3), 267-271. DOI: 10.30607/kvj.738662
• McDonald, W.L. & Jeffers, D. (2015). Mastitis caused by Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis in dairy cows. New Zealand Veterinary Journal, 63(2), 88-91. DOI: 10.1080/00480169.2014.961855
• Mardamootoo, P. (1982). An atypical case of bovine mastitis. Revue Agricole et Sucrière de l'Ile Maurice, 61, 79-84.
• Özavcı, V., Parın, U., Yüksel, H.T. & Kırkan, A.Ş. (2017). Identification of Pathogen Bacteria from Bovine Mastitis In Yozgat Province And Determination of Antimicrobial Susceptibility. Animal Health Production and Hygiene, 6(1), 454-458.
• Özenç, E., Şeker, E. & Yılmaz, M. (2019). Afyonkarahisar İlinde Sığırlarda Mezbaha Bazlı Mastitis Taraması. Kocatepe Veterinary Journal, 12(4), 437-442. DOI: 10.30607/kvj.621834
• Reyher, K.K., Dufour, S., Barkema, H.W., Des Côteaux, L., Devries, T.J., Dohoo, I.R., Keefe, G.P., Roy, J.P. & Scholl, D.T. (2011). The National Cohort of Dairy Farms-A data collection platform for mastitis research in Canada. Journal of Dairy Science, 94, 1616-1626. DOI: 10.3168/jds.2010-3180
• Rossi, M. & Bianchi, F. (2016). Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis as a cause of mastitis in dairy sheep. Italian Journal of Veterinary Science, 72(2), 89-94. DOOOI: 10.4404/hystrix-27.2- 11927
• Savaşan, S., Nuhay, Ç., Ergüden, V.E. & Savaşan, S. (2023). Determination of biofilm formation, antibacterial resistance and genotypes of Bacillus cereus isolates from raw milk. Kafkas Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 29(1). DOI: 10.9775/kvfd.2023.29162
• Schukken, Y. H., Bronzo, V., Locatelli, C., Pollera, C., Rota, N., Casula, A., Testa, F., Scaccabarozzi, L., March, R., Zalduendo, D., Guix, R. & Moroni, P. (2014). Efficacy of vaccination on Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci intramammary infection dynamics in 2 dairy herds. Journal of Dairy Science, 97, 5250-5264. DOI: 10.3168/jds.2014-8008
• Sharun, K., Dhama, K., Tiwari, R., Gugjoo, M. B., Iqbal Yatoo, M., Patel, S. K. & Chaicumpa, W. (2021). Advances in therapeutic and management approaches of bovine mastitis: A comprehensive review. Veterinary Quarterly, 41(1), 107-136.
• Silva, J.A., & Santos, R. (2016). Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis and its role in caseous lymphadenitis and mastitis. Veterinary Microbiology, 187(1-2), 1-6. DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2016.02.002
• Thompson, K. & Wright, A. (2020). Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis infection in a dairy cow with mastitis. Veterinary Case Reports, 16(3), 233- 238.
• Van der Merwe, R. & Botha, M. (2021). Molecular characterization of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis isolates from mastitic goats. South African Journal of Animal Health, 47(4), 301-307.
• Yeruham, I., Braverman, Y., Shpigel, N.Y., Chizov- Ginzburg, A., Saran, A. & Winkler, M. (1996). Mastitis in dairy cattle caused by Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis and the feasibility of transmission by houseflies. The Veterinary Quarterly, 18(3), 87-89. DOI: 10.1080/01652176.1996.9694623
• Yeruham, I., Friedman, S., Perl, S., Elad, D., Berkovich, Y. & Kalgard, Y. (2004). A herd level analysis of a Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis outbreak in a dairy cattle herd. Veterinary Dermatology, 15(5), 315-320.