Assessment of Heavy Metal Accumulation in Soils and Euphorbia rigida Along a Roadside–Urban Gradient in Amasya (Türkiye) and Evaluation of the Species’ Biomonitoring Potential

Dudu Duygu Kılıç

doi:10.35229/jaes.1777922

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Amasya'da (Türkiye) Otoyol -Kent Gradyanındaki Toprak ve Euphorbia rigida türünde Ağır Metal Birikimi ve Biyomonitörlük Potansiyelinin Değerlendirilmesi

Öz

Trafik, özellikle Pb, Cd, Zn, Cu ve Cr gibi ağır metallerin başlıca kaynağı olup, bu elementlerin toprak ve bitkilerde birikimi ekosistem sağlığı ve insan sağlığı açısından ciddi risk oluşturmaktadır. Bu nedenle, trafik kaynaklı kirliliğin düzenli izlenmesi için güvenilir biyomonitör türlerin kullanımı büyük önem taşımaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Amasya’da trafik ve kentsel baskıyı temsil eden altı lokalitede (otoyol kenarı, şehir içi, 300 m, 500 m, 1000 m, kontrol) toprak ve Euphorbia rigida bireylerinde ağır metal birikimini ve türün biyomonitörlük potansiyeli araştırılmıştır. ICP-OES analizleriyle Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb ve Zn ölçülmüş; toprakta Jeo-birikim İndeksi (Igeo) ve Zenginleşme Faktörü (EF), bitkide ise biyokonsantrasyon Faktörü (BCF) ve Transfer Faktörü (TF) hesaplanmıştır. Zn ve Cd trafiğe mesafeyle azalırken, Cu, Cr ve Pb değerleri şehir içinde en yüksek bulunmuştur. Toprak analizlerinde, Cd (oto yol kenarında Igeo=1.813) orta derecede antropojenik kirlenmeye işaret etmiş; Zn (EF = 3.814) ve Pb (EF = 3.357) ise kent ve yol kenarlarında önemli ölçüde zenginleşme göstermiştir. Bitki dokularında birikim sırası Zn > Pb > Cu > Cr > Cd şeklinde gerçekleşmiştir. E.rigida, tüm lokalitelerde Zn için BCF > 1 değeriyle hiperakümülatör davranış sergilemiş, en yüksek konsantrasyon yıkanmış köklerde 573.90 mg kg⁻¹ olarak ölçülerek toksisite üst sınırını aşmıştır. Pb ve Cd için ise TF ≤ 1 olması, metali köklerinde tutarak fitostabilizasyon eğilimine işaret etmiştir. Sonuçlar, E. rigida’nın özellikle Zn ve kısmen Pb kirliliğinde etkin bir biyomonitör olduğunu, yol ve kentsel alanlarda düzenli izleme için kullanılabileceğini ortaya koymaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Amasya; ağır metaller (Cd , Cr , Cu , Pb , Zn); biyomonitörlük; Euphorbia rigida; trafik kirliliği.

Assessment of Heavy Metal Accumulation in Soils and Euphorbia rigida Along a Roadside–Urban Gradient in Amasya (Türkiye) and Evaluation of the Species’ Biomonitoring Potential

Abstract

Traffic is a major source of heavy metals, particularly Pb, Cd, Zn, Cu, and Cr, and the accumulation of these elements in soil and plants poses a serious risk to ecosystem health and human health. Therefore, the use of reliable biomonitor species for the regular monitoring of traffic-related pollution is of great importance. In this study, heavy metal accumulation in soil and Euphorbia rigida individuals and the species' biomonitoring potential were investigated at six locations (motorway edge, city centre, 300 m, 500 m, 1000 m, control) representing traffic and urban pressure in Amasya. Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, and Zn were measured using ICP-OES analysis; the Geo-accumulation Index (Igeo) and Enrichment Factor (EF) were calculated for soil, while the Bioconcentration Factor (BCF) and Transfer Factor (TF) were calculated for plants. Zn and Cd decreased with distance from traffic, while Cu, Cr, and Pb values were highest within the city. Soil analyses indicated moderate anthropogenic contamination for Cd (Igeo = 1.813 at the roadside); Zn (EF = 3.814) and Pb (EF = 3.357) showed significant enrichment in the city and at the roadside. The order of accumulation in plant tissues was Zn > Pb > Cu > Cr > Cd. E. rigida exhibited hyperaccumulator behaviour for Zn with a BCF > 1 value in all localities, with the highest concentration measured in washed roots at 573.90 mg kg⁻¹ exceeding the toxicity threshold. For Pb and Cd, TF ≤ 1 indicated a tendency towards phytostabilisation by retaining the metal in its roots. The results confirm that E. rigida is an effective biomonitor, particularly for Zn and, to a lesser extent, Pb contamination.

Keywords

Amasya; Euphorbia rigida; , biomonitoring; heavy metals (Cd , Cr , Cu , Pb , Zn) , traffic pollution

Kaynakça

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Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

İngilizce

Konular

Ekoloji (Diğer) , Kirlilik ve Kontaminasyon (Diğer)

Bölüm

Araştırma Makalesi

Yazarlar

Dudu Duygu Kılıç ^*
0000-0001-6425-6062
Türkiye

Erken Görünüm Tarihi

30 Kasım 2025

Yayımlanma Tarihi

30 Kasım 2025

Gönderilme Tarihi

4 Eylül 2025

Kabul Tarihi

6 Ekim 2025

Yayımlandığı Sayı

Yıl 2025 Cilt: 10 Sayı: 6

DOI

https://doi.org/10.35229/jaes.1777922

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA39PN38CT

APA

Kılıç, D. D. (2025). Assessment of Heavy Metal Accumulation in Soils and Euphorbia rigida Along a Roadside–Urban Gradient in Amasya (Türkiye) and Evaluation of the Species’ Biomonitoring Potential. Journal of Anatolian Environmental and Animal Sciences, 10(6), 923-931. https://doi.org/10.35229/jaes.1777922

JAES, 2016- 11.yıl

Amasya'da (Türkiye) Otoyol -Kent Gradyanındaki Toprak ve Euphorbia rigida türünde Ağır Metal Birikimi ve Biyomonitörlük Potansiyelinin Değerlendirilmesi

Öz

Anahtar Kelimeler

Assessment of Heavy Metal Accumulation in Soils and Euphorbia rigida Along a Roadside–Urban Gradient in Amasya (Türkiye) and Evaluation of the Species’ Biomonitoring Potential

Abstract

Keywords

Kaynakça

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

Konular

Bölüm

Yazarlar

Erken Görünüm Tarihi

Yayımlanma Tarihi

Gönderilme Tarihi

Kabul Tarihi

Yayımlandığı Sayı

DOI

IZ

Kaynak Göster