The Effects of Using Peanut Meal (Arachis hypogaea L.) Instead of Soybean Meal in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum, 1792) Feeds on Growth, Biochemical Composition and Fillet Color

Yıl 2021, , 135 - 141, 31.03.2021

Seval Dernekbaşı , Dilara Kaya Öztürk , İsmihan Karayücel

https://doi.org/10.35229/jaes.854972

Öz

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of using peanut meal (Arachis hypogaea L.) instead of soybean meal in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum, 1792) feeds on growth performance, biochemical composition and fillet color. For this purpose, rainbow trout were fed for eight weeks with four different diets adjusted as iso-nitrogenic (45% protein), iso-lipidic (19% lipid) and iso-energetic (22 kJ g-1). While the CF (commercial feed) group was fed with commercial feed, three experimental diets containing 0% (Control-C), 50% (PNM50) and 100% (PNM100) peanut meal were formulated for the other groups. As a result of the 8 weeks diet treatments, the best final weight, weight gain and specific growth rate were found PNM50 group and the difference among groups was significant. The use of peanut meal instead of soybean meal in rainbow trout diets decreased fish meat protein ratios compared to CF and C groups. The qualities of redness, yellowness and hue were distinct between the diets in the dorsal and caudal locations. At all the measured regions in the C and CF groups did not result in any significant difference for chroma. It is thought that the differences between the measured regions in L*, a*, b * are due to the fillet thickness and the preservation of the fillet coloring matter. Consequently, 50% peanut meal instead of soybean meal in trout diets could be used in diets of rainbow trout without any negative effects on growth.

Anahtar Kelimeler

biochemical compositon, fillet color, Oncorhynchus mykiss, peanut meal, plant protein

Gökkuşağı Alabalığı (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum, 1792) Yemlerinde Soya Küspesi Yerine Yer Fıstığı Küspesi (Arachis hypogaea L.) Kullanımının Büyüme, Biyokimyasal Kompozisyon ve Fileto Rengi Üzerine Etkileri

Öz

Bu çalışmada, gökkuşağı alabalığı (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum, 1792) yemlerinde soya küspesi yerine yer fıstığı küspesi (Arachis hypogaea L.) kullanımının balıkların büyüme performansı, biyokimyasal kompozisyon ve fileto rengine etkisininin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla izo-nitrojenik (%45 protein), izo-lipidik (%19 lipid) ve izo-enerjik (22 kJ g-1) olarak hazırlanan dört farklı diyetle gökkuşağı alabalıkları sekiz hafta süreyle beslenmiştir. CF (ticari yem) grubu ticari yemle beslenirken, diğer gruplar için %0 (Kontrol-C),%50 (PNM50) ve %100 (PNM100) oranlarında yer fıstığı küspesi içeren üç farklı yem hazırlanmıştır. 8 haftalık çalışma sonucunda en iyi ağırlık artışı, ağırlık kazancı, ve spesifik büyüme oranı PNM50 grubundan elde edilmiş ve gruplar arası fark anlamlı bulunmuştur (p<0.05). Gökkuşağı alabalığı yemlerinde soya küspesi yerine yer fıstığı küspesi kullanılması, CF ve C gruplarına göre balık eti protein oranlarını düşürmüştür. 8 haftalık çalışmadan sonra, dorsal ve kaudal bölgelerdeki kırmızılık, sarılık ve Hue değerleri gruplar arasında farlılık göstermiştir. C ve CF gruplarının ölçüm yapılan tüm bölgelerde, Chroma için önemli bir farklılık görülmemiştir. Ölçüm yapılan bölgelerde L*, a*, b* değerlerinde oluşan farklılıkların, fileto kalınlığından ve filetonun renk maddesini muhafaza etmesinden kaynaklandığı düşünülmektedir. Sonuç olarak, alabalık diyetlerinde soya küspesi yerine% 50 fıstık küspesi, büyüme üzerinde herhangi bir olumsuz etki olmaksızın gökkuşağı alabalığının diyetlerinde kullanılabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

bitkisel protein, biyokimyasal kompozisyon, fileto rengi, Oncorhynchus mykiss, yer fıstığı küspesi

Kaynakça

• Acar, Ü. & Türker, A. (2018). The effects of using peanut meal in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) diets on the growth performance and some blood parameters. Aquaculture Studies, 18(2), 5-13.
• Anonymous 2020a. https://www.nationalpeanutboard.org/peanut-info/peanut-country-usa.htm#:~:text=As%20of%202019%2C%20the%20United,%2C%20Burma%2C%20Argentina%20and%20Senegal. (Date of Access 17.12.2020).
• Anonymous 2020b. https://www.atlasbig.com/en-us/countries-peanut-production
• AOAC (1995). Official methods of analysis (16th ed.). Washington, DC: Association of Official Analytical Chemists.
• Batal, A., Dale, N. & Cafe, M. (2005). Nutrient composition of peanut meal. J. Appl. Poultry Res., 14, 254-257.
• Bilgüven, M. & Barış, M. (2011). Effects of the feeds containing different plant protein sources on growth performance and body composition of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, W.). Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 11(3), 345-350.
• Brown, P.B., Kaushik, S.J. & Peres, H. (2008). Protein feedstuffs originating from soybeans. Alternative protein sources in aquaculture diets (pp. 205–223). New York: The Haworth press, Taylor and Francis group.
• Bugeon, J., Lefevre, F., Cardinal, M., Uyanık, A., Davenel, A., & Haffray, P. (2010). Flesh quality in large rainbow trout with high or low fillet yield. Journal of Muscle Foods, 21(4), 702–721.
• Caruso, G. (2015). Use of plant products as candidate fish meal substitutes: An emerging issue in aquaculture productions. Fisheries and Aquaculture Journal, 6(3), 1.
• Collins, S.A., Desai, A.R., Mansfield, G.S., Hill, J.E., van Kessel, A.G. & Drew, M.D. (2012). The effect of increasing inclusion rates of soybean, pea and ca nola meals and their protein concentrates on the growth of rainbow trout: concepts in diet formulation and experimental design for ingredient evaluation. Aquaculture. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2012.02.018
• Da, C.T., Lundh, T. & Lindberg, J.E. (2012). Evaluation of local feed resources as alternatives to fish meal in terms of growth performance, feed utilisation and biological indices of striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) fingerlings. Aquaculture, 364, 150-156.
• Deng, J., Mai, K., Ai, Q., Zhang, W., Wang, Y., Xu, W., & Liufu, Z. (2006). Effects of replacing fish meal with soy protein concentrate on feed intake and growth of juvenile japanese flounder, (Paralichthys olivaceus). Aquaculture, 258, 503-513 Dernekbaşı, S. (2012). Digestibility and Liver Fatty acid composition of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fed by graded levels of canola oil. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 12, 105–113.
• Dernekbaşı, S., & Karayücel, I. (2017). Partial replacement of soybean meal by peanut and sesame seed meals in practical diets for rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. J Aquac Mar Biol, 6(1), 00146.
• De Francesco, M., Parisi, G., Médale, F., Lupi, P., Kaushik, S.J., & Poli, B.M. (2004). Effect of long-term feeding with a plant protein mixture based diet on growth and body/fillet quality traits of large rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Aquaculture, 236(1-4), 413-429.
• De Silva, S.S. & Turchini, G.M. (2009). Use of wild fish and other aquatic organisms as feed in aquaculture – A review of practices and implications in the Asia-Pacific. In M. R. Hasan, & M. Halwart (Eds.), Fish as feed inputs for aquaculture: Practices, sustainability and implications. FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Technical Paper. No. 518. Rome, FAO. pp. 63–127.
• Emadi, H., Mokhayer, B. & Faal, M. (2014). Alternative role of sesame seed replacing fish meal in the diet of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fingerlings. Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences, 13(3), 608-620.
• Fagbenro, O.A., Adeparusi, E.O. & Jimoh, W.A. (2010). Nutritional evaluation of sunflower and sesame seed meal in Clarias gariepinus: An assessment by growth performance and nutrient utilization. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 5(22), 3096-3101.
• Francis, G., Makkar, H.P.S. & Becker, K. (2001). Antinutritional factors present in plant-derived alternate fish feed ingredients and their effects in fish. Aquaculture, 199(3–4), 197–227.
• Goes, R.H.T.B., Mancio, A.B., Valadares Filho, S.C. & Lana, R.P. (2004). Degradação ruminal da matéria seca e proteína bruta, de alimentos concentrados utilizados como suplementos para novilhos. Ciênc. Agrotec., 28(1), 167-173.
• Guo, Y.X., Dong, X.H., Tan, B.P., Chi, S.Y., Yang, Q.H., Chen, G. & Zhang, L. (2011). Partial replacement of soybean meal by sesame meal in diets of juvenile Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus L.. Aquacult. Res., 42, 1298-1307.
• Hansen, A.C., Rosenlund, G., Karlsen, Ø., Koppe, W. & Hemre, G.I. (2007). Total replacement of fish meal with plant proteins in diets for Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.) I-Effects on growth and protein retention. Aquaculture, 272, 599– 611.
• Hedrera, M.I., Galdames, J.A., Jimenez-Reyes, M.F., Reyes, A.E., Avendaño-Herrera, R., Romero, J. & Feijóo, C.G. (2013). Soybean meal induces intestinal inflammation in zebrafish larvae. PLoS ONE, https://doi.org/10.1371/journ al.pone.0069983
• Herath, S.S., Haga, Y., & Satoh, S. (2016). Effects of long-term feeding of corn co-product-based diets on growth, fillet color, and fatty acid and amino acid composition of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. Aquaculture, 464, 205-212.
• Jimoh, W.A., Aderolu, A.Z., Ayeloja, A.A. & Shodamola, M.O. (2013). Replacement value of soybean meal with luffa cylindrical in diet of Clarias gariepinus fingerlings. International Journal of Applied Agriculture and Apiculture Research, 9(1-2), 98-105.
• Kestin, S.C. & Warriss, P.D. (2001). Farmed fish quality. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Science Ltd, Fishing News Books. 2001. ISBN 0‐85238‐260‐X.
• O'Keefe, T. (2003). Plant protein ingredients for aquaculture feeds: Use considerations & quality standards. Seeds, 5, 04–597.
• Sitjà‐Bobadilla, A., Peña‐Llopis, S., Gómez‐Requeni, P., Médale, F., Kaushik, S. & Pérez‐Sánchez, J. (2005). Effect of fish meal replacement by plant protein sources on non‐specific defence mechanisms and oxidative stress in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata). Aquaculture, 249, 387– 400.
• Shekarabi, S.P.H., Omidi, A.H., Dawood, M.A., Adel, M., Avazeh, A. & Heidari, F. (2020). Effect of black mulberry (Morus nigra) powder on growth performance, biochemical parameters, blood carotenoid concentration, and fillet color of rainbow trout. Annals of Animal Science, 20(1), 125-136.
• Skonberg, D.I., Hardy, R.W., Barrows, F.T. & Dong, F.M. (1998). Color and flavor analyses of fillets from farm-raised rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fed low-phosphorus feeds containing corn or wheat gluten. Aquaculture, 166(3-4), 269-277.
• Soares, C.M., Hayashi, C., Faria, A.C.E.A. & Furuya, W.M. (2001). Substituição da proteína do farelo de soja pela proteína do farelo de canola em dietas para a tilápia do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus) na fase de crescimento. Rev. Bras. Zootec., 30(4): 1172-1177.
• Tacon, A.G.J., Hasan, M.R. & Metian, M. (2011). Demand and supply of feed ingredients for farmed fish and crustaceans: trends and prospects. FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Technical Paper. No. 564. Rome: FAO.
• Thoenes, P. (2014). Background paper for the Competitive Commercial Agriculture in Sub-Saharan Africa (CCAA) Study. Soya bean International Commodity Profile. Markets and Trade Division Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
• Wang, YR., Wang, L., Zhang, C.X. & Song, K. (2017). Effects of substituting fishmeal with soybean meal on growth performance and intestinal morphology in orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides). Aquaculture Reports, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aqrep.2016.12.005
• Yanar, M., Büyükçapar, H.M. & Yanar, Y. (2016). Effects of hot and sweet red peppers (Capsicum annuum) as feed supplements on pigmentation, sensory properties and weight gain of rainbow trout (Onchorhynchus mykiss) Annals of Animal Science, 16(3), 825-834.
• Yıldırım, Ö., Acar, Ü., Türker, A., Sunar, M.C. & Kesbiç, O.S. (2014). Effects of replacing fish meal with peanut meal (Arachis hypogaea) on growth, feed utilization and body composition of Mozambique tilapia fries (Oreochromis mossambicus). Pakistan J. Zool., 46(2), 497-502
• Yue, Y.R. & Zhou, Q.C. (2008). Effect of replacing soybean meal with cottonseed meal on growth, feed utilization, and hematological indexes for juvenile hybrid tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus×O. aureus. Aquaculture, 284, 185-189.
• Zhou, Q.C. & Yue, Y.R. (2010). Effect of replacing soybean meal with canola meal on growth, feed utilization and hematological indices of juvenile hybrid tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus×Oreochromis aureus. Aquacult. Res., 41(7), 982-990.