Antropojenik İklim Değişikliğinin Balıkçılık ve Su Ürünleri Üzerine Etki ve Yönetim Stratejilerine Genel Bir Bakış

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 3, 295 - 303, 30.09.2020

Gürkan Diken

https://doi.org/10.35229/jaes.718925

Cited By: 2

Öz

İklim, yeryüzünün biyolojik varlığının yaşamsal bir değeridir. Biyolojik yaşamı doğrudan ve dolaylı olarak etkileyen antropojenik etkilerin iklim üzerinde yarattığı değişimler dünya için bir tehdit oluşturmaktadır. Dünya nüfusundaki artış ve gelişen sanayiden kaynaklı antropejenik kökenli etkiler iklim değişikliği sürecini hızlandırmaktadır. Paris İklim Konferansı’nda kabul edilen 1,5 °C küresel sıcaklık artış kriteri ve sera gazı emisyonlarından/salınımlarından kaynaklı CO2 miktarındaki artış antropejenik iklim değişikliğinin izlenmesinde önemli iki kriterdir. Antropojenik çevresel atıklarla birlikte atmosferde yaşanan antropojenik iklim değişikliğinin etkileri sucul havzalara ulaşarak ekosistemler üzerinde değişimlere neden olmaktadır. İzlenmesi gereken en önemli kriterlerden sıcaklık artışı sucul canlıların besinlerini, göç ve habitatlarını etkilemektedir. Diğer önemli kriter CO2 artışı da sucul ekosistemlerin pH’sını asitliğe dönüştürerek canlıların yaşam alanlarını etkilemektedir. Her ikisi de su stresini tetikleyerek balıkçılık ve yetiştiricilik koşullarında etkiler yaratmaktadır. Bu süreçlerin yarattığı etkilerin kabul edilebilir sınırları zorlayan baskıları artan dünya nüfusunun güvenli gıdaya ulaşmasını da etkilemektedir. Bu bağlamda, yerel ve ülke gözlem ve izleme lokasyonlarının desteklediği küresel ölçekli yönetim organizasyonlarıyla antropejenik baskıların azaltıldığı dünya iklim güvenliğinin sağlanması gerekmektedir. Bu çalışmada, antropojenik iklim değişikliğinin sucul ekosistemler üzerinde yarattığı baskılarının balıkçılık ve su ürünleri üzerine etkileri özetlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Akdeniz, Antropojenik, Balıkçılık, İklim, Su ürünleri

An Overview of the Impact and Management Strategies of Anthropogenic Climate Change on Fisheries and Aquaculture

Öz

Climate is a vital value of the biological existence of the Earth. The changes created by the anthropogenic effects that directly and indirectly affect biological life on the climate pose a threat to the world. The increase in the world population and the effects of anthropegenic origin from the developing industry accelerate the climate change process. The 1.5 °C global temperature rise criterion adopted at the Paris Climate Conference and the increase in the amount of CO2 from greenhouse gas emissions are two important criteria for monitoring anthropegenic climate change. The effects of anthropogenic climate change in the atmosphere along with anthropogenic environmental wastes reach aquatic basins and cause changes on ecosystems. Temperature increase, one of the most important criteria to be followed, affects the food, migration and habitats of aquatic organisms. Another important criterion is the increase in CO2 affects the living areas of living things by converting the pH of the aquatic ecosystems into acidity. Both create effects in fishing and aquaculture conditions by stimulating water stress. The pressures of the impacts of these processes that push the acceptable limits also affect the increasing world population's access to safe food. In this context, it is necessary to provide global climate security, in which anthropegenic pressures are reduced by global management organizations supported by local and country observation and monitoring locations. In this study, the effects of anthropogenic climate change pressures on aquatic ecosystems on fisheries and aquaculture are summarized.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Anthropogenic, Aquaculture, Climate, Fisheries, Mediterranean

Kaynakça

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