Comprehensive Strategies for the Integrated Management of Fall Armyworm: A Focus on Biocontrol, Cultural, and Chemical Methods

Öz

Fall armyworms, or Spodoptera frugiperda, are polyphagous agricultural pests that began in America and were ultimately discovered in West Africa in 2016. The most devastating stage of the life cycle is the larval one, which affects 353 distinct crop species and results in a 70% yield loss for the economy as a whole. It has been demonstrated that pests flourish in temperatures above 10 degrees Celsius, and that moth wings distort above 30 degrees Celsius. The most effective approach, the cultural method, accounts for 56% of pest control, while the push and pull technique controls 82.6 percent of the larvae per plant. In a research context, it was discovered that Azadirachta indica seed powder decreased larval mortality by 70% while Nicotiana tobacum and Lippia javanica decreased larval toxicity by 66%. Over ninety percent of the larval mortality is caused by spinosad, whereas twenty per cent of the pest is controlled by a mixture of sawdust and chloropyrifos. All forms of biological control parasitoids, predators, viruses, nematodes, entomopathogenic fungi, biopesticides bacteria and cultural chemical physical and botanical control are covered in detail in this thorough Review with an emphasis on how well they work against FAW.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Fall Armyworm
• Climate effects
• Disease evaluting scale
• Pupae stage
• Integrated managements

Comprehensive Strategies for the Integrated Management of Fall Armyworm: A Focus on Biocontrol, Cultural, and Chemical Methods

Öz

Güz tırtılı veya Spodoptera frugiperda, Amerika'da başlayan ve 2016 yılında Batı Afrika'da keşfedilen polifag tarım zararlılarıdır. Yaşam döngüsünün en yıkıcı aşaması, 353 farklı ürün türünü etkileyen ve %70 ölümle sonuçlanan larva aşamasıdır. Ekonominin tamamı için verim kaybı. Zararlıların 10 santigrat derecenin üzerindeki sıcaklıklarda çoğaldığı, 30 santigrat derecenin üzerinde ise güve kanatlarının bozulduğu kanıtlanmıştır. En etkili yaklaşım olan kültürel yöntem, haşere kontrolünün %56'sını oluştururken, itme ve çekme tekniği bitki başına larvaların yüzde 82,6'sını kontrol eder. Bir araştırma kapsamında Azadirachta indica tohum tozunun larva ölümlerini %70 oranında azalttığı, Nicotiana tobacum ve Lippia javanica'nın ise larva toksisitesini %66 azalttığı keşfedildi. Larva ölümlerinin yüzde doksanından fazlası spinosaddan kaynaklanırken, zararlının yüzde yirmisi talaş ve kloropirifos karışımı tarafından kontrol ediliyor. Biyolojik mücadelenin tüm formları parazitoidler, predatörler, virüsler, nematodlar, entomopatojenik mantarlar, biyopestisitler bakteriler ve kültürel kimyasal fiziksel ve botanik kontrol, FAW'ye karşı ne kadar iyi çalıştıkları vurgulanarak bu kapsamlı İncelemede ayrıntılı olarak ele alınmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Fall Armyworm
• Climate effects
• Disease evaluting scale
• Pupae stage
• Integrated managements

Kaynakça

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