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Uçak Teknisyenlerinde Negatif Vijilans Faktörlerin Analitik Belirlenmesi ve Vijilans Düzeylerinin Ölçümü

Yıl 2022, , 76 - 104, 28.02.2022
https://doi.org/10.51785/jar.969614

Öz

Havacılık sektörü hatanın kabul edilemez olduğu sıfır hata toleransı ile işleyen bir sektördür. Havacılıkta uçuş emniyetinin sağlanması sürecinin başlangıcını ve önemli bir unsurunu uçuşa elverişlilik sağlayan bakım-onarım faaliyetleri oluşturmaktadır. Dikkat gerektiren kritik bakım faaliyetlerini yürüten teknisyenlerin psikolojik açıdan iyi bir halde olması ve yoğun tempoda süren çalışma esnasında emniyetli davranışlar sergilemesi gerekmektedir. Vijilans, dikkatin bir görev üzerinde uzun zaman sürdürülmesi ve genel bir zihinsel uyarılmışlık halidir. Bu araştırmanın amacı uçak teknisyenlerinin vijilans düzeyleri ile vijilans kayıplarının sebeplerini bir durum çalışması olarak incelemek ve havacılıkta vijilansın önemine vurgu yapmaktır. Bu amaç çerçevesinde İstanbul ilinde bulunan bir bakım işletmesinde yapılan bu araştırmanın, örneklem grubunu kolayda örnekleme yöntemiyle belirlenen 45 teknisyen oluşturmaktadır. Analitik Hiyerarşi Prosesi (AHP) anketi ve Otomatik Nöropsikolojik Değerlendirme Ölçütleri (ANAM4TM) ile NASA İş Yükü Endeksi (NASA-TLX) kullanılarak toplanan veriler, IBM SPSS 23 istatistik programı ile analiz edilmiştir. Araştırmanın bulgularına göre; teknisyenlerde vijilans kaybına neden olan faktörlerin başında yorgunluk, uykusuzluk, iş yükü, stres ve termal konfor gelmektedir. Bununla beraber teknisyenlerin özellikle vardiya sonlarına doğru vijilans kayıpları yaşadığı görülmüştür. Araştırmanın havacılık emniyeti ile ilgili literatüre katkı yapacağı ve konuyla ilgili gelecekte yapılacak çalışmalara ışık tutacağı düşünülmektedir.

Kaynakça

  • Referans1 Ayaz, H., Shewokis, P.A., Bunce, S., İzzetoğlu, K., Willems, B. and Onaral B. (2012). Optical brain monitoring for operator training and mental workload assessment. NeuroImage, 59, 36-47.
  • Referans2 Azorin, J.M., Benhaim, P., Hasbroucq, T., and Possamai, C.A. (1995). Stimulus preprocessing and response selection in depression: A reaction time study. Acta Psychologica, 89, 95-100.
  • Referans3 Benedetti, L.H. and Loeb, M.A. (1972). A comparison of auditory monitoring performance in blind subjects with that of sighted subjects in light and dark. Perception and psychophysics, 11, 10–16.
  • Referans4 Caffrey, B., Jones J.D. and Hınkle B.R. (1971). Varıabılıty ın reactıon tımes of normal and educable mentally retarded chıldren. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 32, 255-258.
  • Referans5 Çitli, M. N. (2006). Bulanık çok kriterli karar verme (Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Yıldız Teknik Üniversitesi, İstanbul.
  • Referans6 Dinges, D.F. and Powell, J.W. (1985). Microcomputer analysis of performance on a portable, simple visual task during sustained operations. Behav Res Methods Instrum Computer. 17, 652–655.
  • Referans7 Dolan, J. G., 2008. Shared decision-making – transferring research into practice: The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). Patient Education and Counseling, 73, 418-425.
  • Referans8 Erçetin, F. B., (2019). Özel okullarda stratejik yönetim sürecinde swot analizinin çok kriterli karar verme yöntemi ile entegrasyonu ve bir uygulama. (Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Marmara Üniversitesi, İstanbul.
  • Referans9 Erickson, W.D., Yellin, A.M., Hopwood, J.H., Realmuto, G.M. and Greenberg, L.M. (1984). The effects of neuroleptics on attention in adolescent schizophrenics. Biological Psychiatry, 19(5), 745-753.
  • Referans10 Hancock, P. A. and Vasmatzidis, I. (1998). Human occupational and performance limits under stress the thermal environment as a prototypical example. Ergonomics, 41(8), 1169-1191.
  • Referans11 Head, H. (1923). The conception of nervous and mental energy (II) “Vigilance”; A physiological state of the nervous system. British Journal of Psychology, 14(2), 126-147.
  • Referans12 Helton, W.S., Hollander, T.D., Warm, J.S., Tripp, L.D., Parsons, K., Matthews, G., Dember, W.N., Parasuraman, R. and Hancock, P.A. (2007). The abbreviated vigilance task and cerebral hemodynamics. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology. 29, 549-552.
  • Referans13 Helton, W.S. and Warm, J.S. (2008). Signal salience and the mindlessness theory of vigilance. Acta Psychologica, 129, 18–25.
  • Referans14 Jensen, A.R. and Munro, E. (1979). Reaction time, movement time, and intelligence. Intelligence, 3, 121-126.
  • Referans15 Kecek, G. ve Yüksel, R. (2016). Analitik hiyerarşi süreci (AHP) ve PROMETHEE teknikleriyle akıllı telefon seçimi. Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 49: 46-62.
  • Referans16 Kleigh, S.C., Nijboer, F., Halder, S. and Kübler, A. (2010). Motivation modulates the P300 amplitude during brain–computer interface use. Clinical Neurophysiology, 121, 1023-1031.
  • Referans17 Loh S., Lamond N., Dorrian J., Roach G. and Dawson, D. (2004). The Validity of psychomotor vigilance tasks of less than 10 minute duration. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments and Computers, 36(2), 339-346.
  • Referans18 Lorist, M.M., and Snel, J. (1997). Caffeine effects on perceptual and motor processes. Electroencephalography and clinical Neurophysiology, 102, 401-413.
  • Referans19 Luchies, C.W., Schiffman, J., Richards, LG., Thompson, M. R., Bazuin, D. and DeYoung, A.J. (2002). Effects of age, step direction, and reaction condition on the ability to step quickly, The Journals of Gerontology, 57(4), 246-249.
  • Referans20 Mackworth, N. H. (1948). The breakdown of the vigilance during prolonged visual search. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1, 6-21.
  • Referans21 Mathis, J. and Hess, C. W. (2009). Sleepiness and vigilance tests. Swiss Medicine Wkly, 139(15), 213-219.
  • Referans22 Oken, B.S., Salinsky, M.C. and Elsas S.M. (2006). Vigilance, alertness or sustained attention: Physiological basis and measurement. Clinical Neurophysiology, 17(9), 1885-1901.
  • Referans23 Öniz, A., Özgören, M., Taşlıca, S., Güdücü, Ç., Aytener, A.Y., Akdede, B.B. and Alptekin, K. (2008, 1-3 February). Optimal mismatch negativity applied in schizophrenia patients Schizophrenia research, 1st Schizophrenia International Research Society Conference, Italy.
  • Referans24 Özgören M., Bayazit, O., Kocaaslan, S., Gökmen, N., Öniz, A. (2010). Brain function assessment in different conscious states. Nonlinear Biomedical Physics, 4(1), 6.
  • Referans25 Parasuraman, R. and Giambra, L. (1991). Skill development in vigilance: Effects of event rate and age. Psychology and Aging, 6(2): 155-169.
  • Referans26 Parasuraman, R., Warm, J.S. and See, J.E. Brain systems of vigilance. In Parasuraman R. (Ed.), The attentive brain Cambridge (p.221-256). MA: MIT Press 1998.
  • Referans27 Pattyn, N., Neyt, X., Henderickx, D. and Soetens, E. (2008). Psychophysiological investigation of vigilance decrement: Boredome or cognitive fatigue?. Physiology & Behavior, 93, 369–378.
  • Referans28 Richard, C.M., Wright, R.D., Prime, S.L., Shimizu, U. and Vavrik, J. (2002). Effect of a concurrent auditory task on visual search performance in a driving-related image-flicker task. Human Factors, 44(2), 108-119.
  • Referans29 Saaty, T. L. (1994). How to make a decision: The analytic hierarchy process. Interfaces. 48(5), 19-43.
  • Referans30 Shelton, J. and Kumar, G.P. (2010). Comparison between Auditory and Visual Simple Reaction Times. Neuroscience & Medicine, 1, 30-32.
  • Referans31 Silverman, I.W. (2006). Sex Differences in Simple Visual Reaction Time: A Historical Meta-Analysis. Sex Roles, 54, 57-68.
  • Referans32 Temple, J.G.,Warm, J.S., Dember, W.N., Jones, K.S., LaGrange, C.M. and Mathews, G. (2000). The effects of signal salience and caffeine on performance, workload, and stress in an abbreviated vigilance task. Human Factors; Summer, 42(2), 183-194.
  • Referans33 Tolini, P. and Fisher, P.G. (1974). Sex differences and effects of irrelevant auditory stimulation on performance of a visual vigilance task. Perceptual and motor control, 39, 1255– 1262.
  • Referans34 Tummala, V. M. R. and Ling, H. (1998). A note on the computation of the mean random consistency index of the AHP. Theory and Decision, 44, 221-230.
  • Referans35 Tzambazis, K. and Stough, C. (2000). Alcohol impairs speed of information processing and simple and choice reaction time and differentially impairs higher-order cognitive abilities. Alcohol and Alcoholism, 35(2), 197-201.
  • Referans36 Warm, J., Parasuraman, R. and Matthews, G. (2008). Vigilance Requires Hard Mental Work and Is Stressful. Human Factors, 50, 433-441.
  • Referans37 Welford, A. T. (1988). Reaction Time, Speed of Performance, and Age. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 515, 1-17.

Analytical Determination of Negative Vigilance Factors and Measurement of Vigilance Levels in Aircraft Technicians

Yıl 2022, , 76 - 104, 28.02.2022
https://doi.org/10.51785/jar.969614

Öz

The aviation industry is an industry that operates with zero error tolerance, where error is unacceptable. The beginning and an important element of the process of ensuring flight safety in aviation is maintenance-repair activities that provide airworthiness. Technicians who carry out critical maintenance activities that require attention must be in good psychological condition and display safe behaviors during intense work. Vigilance is the prolonged attention on a task and a general state of mental arousal. The aim of this research is to examine the vigilance levels of aircraft technicians and the causes of vigilance losses as a case study and to emphasize the importance of vigilance in aviation. For this purpose, the sample group of this research, which was carried out in a maintenance organization in Istanbul, consists of 45 technicians determined by convenience sampling method. Data collected using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) questionnaire and Automatic Neuropsychological Assessment Measures (ANAM4TM) and NASA Workload Index (NASA-TLX) were analyzed with IBM SPSS 23 statistical program. According to the findings of the research; Fatigue, insomnia, workload, stress and thermal comfort are the leading factors that cause loss of vigilance in technicians. However, it was observed that the technicians experienced vigilance losses, especially towards the end of the shift. It is thought that the research will contribute to the literature on aviation safety and will shed light on future studies on the subject.

Kaynakça

  • Referans1 Ayaz, H., Shewokis, P.A., Bunce, S., İzzetoğlu, K., Willems, B. and Onaral B. (2012). Optical brain monitoring for operator training and mental workload assessment. NeuroImage, 59, 36-47.
  • Referans2 Azorin, J.M., Benhaim, P., Hasbroucq, T., and Possamai, C.A. (1995). Stimulus preprocessing and response selection in depression: A reaction time study. Acta Psychologica, 89, 95-100.
  • Referans3 Benedetti, L.H. and Loeb, M.A. (1972). A comparison of auditory monitoring performance in blind subjects with that of sighted subjects in light and dark. Perception and psychophysics, 11, 10–16.
  • Referans4 Caffrey, B., Jones J.D. and Hınkle B.R. (1971). Varıabılıty ın reactıon tımes of normal and educable mentally retarded chıldren. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 32, 255-258.
  • Referans5 Çitli, M. N. (2006). Bulanık çok kriterli karar verme (Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Yıldız Teknik Üniversitesi, İstanbul.
  • Referans6 Dinges, D.F. and Powell, J.W. (1985). Microcomputer analysis of performance on a portable, simple visual task during sustained operations. Behav Res Methods Instrum Computer. 17, 652–655.
  • Referans7 Dolan, J. G., 2008. Shared decision-making – transferring research into practice: The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). Patient Education and Counseling, 73, 418-425.
  • Referans8 Erçetin, F. B., (2019). Özel okullarda stratejik yönetim sürecinde swot analizinin çok kriterli karar verme yöntemi ile entegrasyonu ve bir uygulama. (Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Marmara Üniversitesi, İstanbul.
  • Referans9 Erickson, W.D., Yellin, A.M., Hopwood, J.H., Realmuto, G.M. and Greenberg, L.M. (1984). The effects of neuroleptics on attention in adolescent schizophrenics. Biological Psychiatry, 19(5), 745-753.
  • Referans10 Hancock, P. A. and Vasmatzidis, I. (1998). Human occupational and performance limits under stress the thermal environment as a prototypical example. Ergonomics, 41(8), 1169-1191.
  • Referans11 Head, H. (1923). The conception of nervous and mental energy (II) “Vigilance”; A physiological state of the nervous system. British Journal of Psychology, 14(2), 126-147.
  • Referans12 Helton, W.S., Hollander, T.D., Warm, J.S., Tripp, L.D., Parsons, K., Matthews, G., Dember, W.N., Parasuraman, R. and Hancock, P.A. (2007). The abbreviated vigilance task and cerebral hemodynamics. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology. 29, 549-552.
  • Referans13 Helton, W.S. and Warm, J.S. (2008). Signal salience and the mindlessness theory of vigilance. Acta Psychologica, 129, 18–25.
  • Referans14 Jensen, A.R. and Munro, E. (1979). Reaction time, movement time, and intelligence. Intelligence, 3, 121-126.
  • Referans15 Kecek, G. ve Yüksel, R. (2016). Analitik hiyerarşi süreci (AHP) ve PROMETHEE teknikleriyle akıllı telefon seçimi. Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 49: 46-62.
  • Referans16 Kleigh, S.C., Nijboer, F., Halder, S. and Kübler, A. (2010). Motivation modulates the P300 amplitude during brain–computer interface use. Clinical Neurophysiology, 121, 1023-1031.
  • Referans17 Loh S., Lamond N., Dorrian J., Roach G. and Dawson, D. (2004). The Validity of psychomotor vigilance tasks of less than 10 minute duration. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments and Computers, 36(2), 339-346.
  • Referans18 Lorist, M.M., and Snel, J. (1997). Caffeine effects on perceptual and motor processes. Electroencephalography and clinical Neurophysiology, 102, 401-413.
  • Referans19 Luchies, C.W., Schiffman, J., Richards, LG., Thompson, M. R., Bazuin, D. and DeYoung, A.J. (2002). Effects of age, step direction, and reaction condition on the ability to step quickly, The Journals of Gerontology, 57(4), 246-249.
  • Referans20 Mackworth, N. H. (1948). The breakdown of the vigilance during prolonged visual search. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1, 6-21.
  • Referans21 Mathis, J. and Hess, C. W. (2009). Sleepiness and vigilance tests. Swiss Medicine Wkly, 139(15), 213-219.
  • Referans22 Oken, B.S., Salinsky, M.C. and Elsas S.M. (2006). Vigilance, alertness or sustained attention: Physiological basis and measurement. Clinical Neurophysiology, 17(9), 1885-1901.
  • Referans23 Öniz, A., Özgören, M., Taşlıca, S., Güdücü, Ç., Aytener, A.Y., Akdede, B.B. and Alptekin, K. (2008, 1-3 February). Optimal mismatch negativity applied in schizophrenia patients Schizophrenia research, 1st Schizophrenia International Research Society Conference, Italy.
  • Referans24 Özgören M., Bayazit, O., Kocaaslan, S., Gökmen, N., Öniz, A. (2010). Brain function assessment in different conscious states. Nonlinear Biomedical Physics, 4(1), 6.
  • Referans25 Parasuraman, R. and Giambra, L. (1991). Skill development in vigilance: Effects of event rate and age. Psychology and Aging, 6(2): 155-169.
  • Referans26 Parasuraman, R., Warm, J.S. and See, J.E. Brain systems of vigilance. In Parasuraman R. (Ed.), The attentive brain Cambridge (p.221-256). MA: MIT Press 1998.
  • Referans27 Pattyn, N., Neyt, X., Henderickx, D. and Soetens, E. (2008). Psychophysiological investigation of vigilance decrement: Boredome or cognitive fatigue?. Physiology & Behavior, 93, 369–378.
  • Referans28 Richard, C.M., Wright, R.D., Prime, S.L., Shimizu, U. and Vavrik, J. (2002). Effect of a concurrent auditory task on visual search performance in a driving-related image-flicker task. Human Factors, 44(2), 108-119.
  • Referans29 Saaty, T. L. (1994). How to make a decision: The analytic hierarchy process. Interfaces. 48(5), 19-43.
  • Referans30 Shelton, J. and Kumar, G.P. (2010). Comparison between Auditory and Visual Simple Reaction Times. Neuroscience & Medicine, 1, 30-32.
  • Referans31 Silverman, I.W. (2006). Sex Differences in Simple Visual Reaction Time: A Historical Meta-Analysis. Sex Roles, 54, 57-68.
  • Referans32 Temple, J.G.,Warm, J.S., Dember, W.N., Jones, K.S., LaGrange, C.M. and Mathews, G. (2000). The effects of signal salience and caffeine on performance, workload, and stress in an abbreviated vigilance task. Human Factors; Summer, 42(2), 183-194.
  • Referans33 Tolini, P. and Fisher, P.G. (1974). Sex differences and effects of irrelevant auditory stimulation on performance of a visual vigilance task. Perceptual and motor control, 39, 1255– 1262.
  • Referans34 Tummala, V. M. R. and Ling, H. (1998). A note on the computation of the mean random consistency index of the AHP. Theory and Decision, 44, 221-230.
  • Referans35 Tzambazis, K. and Stough, C. (2000). Alcohol impairs speed of information processing and simple and choice reaction time and differentially impairs higher-order cognitive abilities. Alcohol and Alcoholism, 35(2), 197-201.
  • Referans36 Warm, J., Parasuraman, R. and Matthews, G. (2008). Vigilance Requires Hard Mental Work and Is Stressful. Human Factors, 50, 433-441.
  • Referans37 Welford, A. T. (1988). Reaction Time, Speed of Performance, and Age. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 515, 1-17.
Toplam 37 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Mevlüt Coşkun Tezcan 0000-0001-5486-9551

Yayımlanma Tarihi 28 Şubat 2022
Kabul Tarihi 2 Ocak 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022

Kaynak Göster

APA Tezcan, M. C. (2022). Uçak Teknisyenlerinde Negatif Vijilans Faktörlerin Analitik Belirlenmesi ve Vijilans Düzeylerinin Ölçümü. Journal of Aviation Research, 4(1), 76-104. https://doi.org/10.51785/jar.969614

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