Koruma Öncelikli Kaçeli Koyun Genotipinde Üreme Performansı, Doğum Ağırlığı ve Yaşam Gücü Özellikleri

Öz

Bu çalışma, Batı Anadoluda genetik kaynak olarak korunan Kaçeli koyun genotipinde doğuran koyun başına doğan kuzu sayısı, doğum ağırlığı ve kuzu yaşama gücü performansını değerlendirmek amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Çalışmada, 2024 ve 2025 üretim dönemlerinde üç işletmede bulunan 420 baş koyun ve bunlardan doğan 470 baş kuzuya ait kayıtlardan elde edilen veriler kullanılmıştır. Doğuran koyun başına doğan kuzu sayısı ve doğum ağırlığına ilişkin genel ortalamalar sırasıyla 1.15 ve 2.87 kg olarak elde edilmiştir. Doğuran koyun başına doğan kuzu sayısı üzerine yıl, işletme ve doğum ayı etkileri istatistiksel olarak önemsiz bulunurken, ana yaşının etkisi anlamlı olmuştur. En yüksek doğuran koyun başına doğan kuzu sayısı 4–5 yaşlı koyunlarda gözlenmiştir. Doğum ağırlığı işletme, ana yaşı, doğum tipi ve mevsim koşullarından önemli ölçüde etkilenmiş (p < 0.05), buna karşın bu özellike üzerine yıl ve cinsiyet etkileri sınırlı kalmıştır. Tek doğan kuzuların doğum ağırlığı ikizlerden %21.6 daha yüksek bulunmuştur. Pazarlama dönemine kadar genel yaşama gücü %89.36 olup, yıllar arasında anlamlı farklılık göstermiştir. Çoklu yüzey (faceted) violin analizleri, yüksek doğum ağırlığının yaşama olasılığını belirgin biçimde artırdığını, doğum tipinin ise bu ilişkiyi doğum ağırlığı üzerinden dolaylı olarak etkilediğini ortaya koymuştur. Elde edilen sonuçlar, Kaçeli koyun genotipinin genetik olarak istikrarlı ve çevresel streslere karşı dirençli bir yapıya sahip olduğunu göstermektedir. Genotipin döl verimi, dengeli doğum ağırlıkları ve yüksek yaşama gücü, düşük girdi koşullarında bile sürdürülebilir üretim kapasitesine işaret etmektedir. Bu bulgular, Kaçeli gibi yerli genotiplerin yalnızca üretim değeriyle değil, aynı zamanda genetik çeşitliliğin korunması, ekolojik denge ve iklim değişikliğine karşı biyolojik dayanıklılığın sürdürülmesi açısından da stratejik önem taşıdığını vurgulamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Yerli ırk
• Türk koyun ırkları
• Sürdürülebilir yetiştirme
• Yerel genetik kaynaklar

Reproductive Performance, Birth Weight and Survival Characteristics in the Conservation-Priority Kaçeli Sheep Genotype

Öz

This study was conducted to evaluate the number of lambs born per ewe, birth weight, and lamb survival rate in the Kaçeli sheep genotype, which is conserved as a genetic resource in Western Anatolia. Data were collected from records of 420 ewes and 470 lambs born to them on three farms during the 2024 and 2025 production periods. The overall averages for litter size and birth weight were 1.15 and 2.87 kg, respectively. The effects of year, farm, and month of birth on litter size were found to be statistically insignificant, whereas the effect of ewe age was significant. The highest number of lambs born per ewe was observed in 4–5-year-old ewes. Birth weight was significantly influenced by farm, ewe age, type of birth, and seasonal conditions (p < 0.05), while the effects of year and sex on this trait were minimal. The birth weight of single lambs was 21.6% higher than that of twins. The overall survival rate up to the marketing period was 89.36%, with significant differences observed between years. Faceted violin analyses revealed that higher birth weight significantly increased the survival rate, while birth type indirectly influenced this relationship through birth weight. The results indicate that the Kaçeli sheep genotype is genetically stable and resilient to environmental stresses. The genotype’s fertility, balanced birth weights, and high survival rate demonstrate sustainable production capacity even under low-input conditions. These findings emphasize that native breeds such as Kaçeli sheep genotype are strategically important not only for their production value but also for preserving genetic diversity, maintaining ecological balance, and enhancing biological resilience against climate change.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Indigenous breed
• Turkish sheep breed
• Sustainable breeding
• Local genetic resources

Kaynakça

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