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Investigation of in-School Factors Affecting Distributed Leadership Practices

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 14, 383 - 417, 29.10.2019
https://doi.org/10.18009/jcer.584459

Öz

The aim of this study is to identify the
distributed leadership levels in public secondary schools (under the Ministry
of National Education) and explore the in-school factors affecting distributed
leadership practices based on teachers’ opinions. The research is designed
based on a mixed approach. In the quantitative dimension, the sample group
consists of 736 teachers from 27 different secondary schools in the Gaziantep
Province. In the qualitative dimension, the focus group is composed of 24
participant teachers. The Distributed Leadership Scale was used to identify
distributed leadership levels of schools. In the qualitative dimension, a
semi-structured interview form developed by the researchers was applied as the
evaluation instrument. According to teachers’ opinions, the rarest subdimension
of distributed leadership at schools is the “common goals”, while the most
frequently seen is the “cooperation and trust” subdimension. The findings
obtained through interviews show that risk-taking, managerial support, learning
culture, accountability relations, communication, professional development,
facilitating role of the administration and the organizational culture are
positive factors that support distributed leadership, while absence of these
factors poses a barrier to management activities.

Kaynakça

  • Adıgüzelli, Y. (2016). Dağıtılmış liderlik ile örgütsel güven arasındaki ilişkinin öğretmen görüşlerine göre incelenmesi [Examining the relationship between distributed leadership and organizational trust according to opinions of teachers]. Eğitim ve Bilim [Education and Science], 41(185), 269-280.
  • Ağırdaş, Y. (2014). Resmi liselerde dağıtımcı liderlik ile iş doyumu arasındaki ilişkinin öğretmen görüşlerine dayalı olarak incelenmesi (Çorum örneği), [The examination of the relationship between distrubuted leadership and job satisfaction in public high schools based on the opinions of the teachers (Case of province of Çorum)], (Yüksek Lisans Tezi), [Dissertation Masters Thesis]. Okan Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, İstanbul [Okan University, Institute of Social Sciences, İstanbul].
  • Arabacı, İ. B.; Karabatak, S. & Polat, H. (2016). Ortaöğretim okulu yöneticilerinin dağıtımcı liderlik rollerine ilişkin öğretmen algıları [The perceptions of teachers on secondary school administrators’ distributional leadership roles]. Kastamonu Eğitim Dergisi [Kastamonu Education Journal], 24(3), 1015-1032.
  • Archer, M. (1995). Realist social theory: The morphogenetic approach. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Avolio, B. J. (2011). Full range leadership. Los Angeles: Sage Publications.
  • Baloğlu, N. (2011a). Dağıtımcı liderlik: Okullarda dikkate alınması gereken bir liderlik yaklaşımı [Distributed leadership: A leadership approach that should be taken into account in the schools]. Ahi Evran Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi [Ahi Evran University Journal of Kırşehir Education Faculty], 12(3), 127-148.
  • Baloğlu, N. (2011b). Dağıtımcı liderlik uygulamaları: Eklektik bir tasarım çalışması [An eclectic design study on implementations of distributed leadership]. Ahi Evran Üniversitesi Kırşehir Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi (KEFAD) [Ahi Evran University Journal of Kırşehir Education Faculty], 12(4), 163-181.
  • Baloğlu, N. (2012). Değerler temelli liderlik ile dağıtımcı liderlik arasındaki ilişkiler: Okul müdürünün davranışını değerlendirmeye dönük nedensel bir araştırma [Relations between value-based leadership and distributed leadership: A casual research on school principles’ behaviors]. Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Bilimleri [Educational Sciences: Theory & Practice], 12(2), 1367-1378
  • Bennett, N., Wise, C., Woods, P. A. & Harvey, J. A. (2003a). Distributed leadership: A review of literature. National College for School Leadership (NCSL). Source: http://www.rtuni.org/uploads/docs/Distributed%20Leadership%20-%20review.pdf
  • Bennett, N., Wise, C., Woods, P. A. & Harvey, J. A. (2003b). Distributed leadership: A review of literature summary report. National College for School Leadership (NCSL). Source: http://www.learnersfirst.net/private/wp-content/uploads/Resource-Distributed-Leadership-Report-Summary-2003-NCSL.pdf
  • Bolden, R., Petrov, G. & Gosling, J. (2009). Distributed leadership in higher education. Educational Management Administration and Leadership, 37(2), 257-277. Source: http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1741143208100301
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş., Kılıç Çakmak, E., Akgün, Ö. E., Karadeniz, Ş. & Demirel, F. (2012). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri [Scientific research methods]. Ankara: Pegem Akademi Yayınları [Ankara: Pegem Akademi Publishing].
  • Camburn, E.; Rowan, R. & Taylor, J (2003). Distributed leadership in schools: The case of elementary schools adopting comprehensive school reform models. Educational and Policy Analysis, 25(4), 347-373.
  • Chen, Y. (2007). Principals’ distributed leadership behaviors and their impact on student achievement in selected elementary schools in Texas. (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Office of Graduate Studies of Texas A&M University, USA.
  • Clark, A. (2007). The handbook of school management. Cape Town: Macmillan.
  • Creswell, J. W. (2012). Educational research: Planning, conducting, and evaluating quantitative and qualitative research. Boston: Pearson Education, Inc.
  • Creswell, J. W. (2013). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches (Bütün, M. and Demir, S. B., Çev.). Ankara: Siyasal Yayın Dağıtım.
  • Creswell, J. & Plano Clark, V. L. (2007). Understanding mixed methods research. In J. Creswell (Eds.), Designing and conducting mixed methods research (pp. 1-19). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Davis, M. W. (2009). Distributed leadership and school performance (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). George Washington University, The Graduate School of Education and Human Development, USA.
  • Drucker, P. F. (1959). Landmarks of tomorrow: A report on the new “Post-Modern” world. New York: Haper & Bros.
  • Elmore, R. F. (2000). Building a New Structure For School Leadership. The Albert Shanker Instıtute, Winter, 2000. Source: http://www.shankerinstitute.org/sites/shanker/files/building.pdf
  • ESHA (2012). Position paper distributive leadership. Utrecht: ESHA.
  • ESHA (2013). Distributed leadership in practice: A descriptive analysis of distributed leadership in European schools. 28 October, 2013. Source: http://josephkessels.com/sites/default/files/duijf_e.a._2013_distributed_leadership_in_practice_esha-etuce_0.pdf
  • Fiedler, F. E. (1964). A contingency model of leadership effectiveness. In L. Berkowitz (Eds.) Advances in experimental social psychology. New York: Academic Press.
  • Fielding, M. (1999). Radical collegiality: Affirming teaching as an inclusive professional practice. Australian Educational Researcher, 26(2), 1–34.
  • Gibb, C. A. (1947). The principles and traits of leadership. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 42(3), 267‐284.
  • Gibb, C. A. (1954). Leadership. In G. Lindzey (Eds.) Handbook of social psychology (pp. 877-917). MA: Addison-Wesley.
  • Gordon, Z. V. (2005). The effect of distributed leadership on student achievement (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Central Connecticut State University, Connecticut. DAI-A 66/12, June 2006, 101.
  • Grenda, J. P. (2011). Instances and principles of distributed leadership: A multiple case study of Illınois middle school principals’ leadership practices (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). University of Illinois, Educational Administration and Leadership Graduate College, Urbana, Illinois.
  • Gronn, P. (2000). Distributed properties: A new architecture for leadership. Educational Management and Administration, 28(3), 371-388.
  • Gronn, P. (2002a). Distributed leadership as a unit of analysis. Leadership Quarterly, 13(4), 423–51.
  • Gronn, P. (2002b). Distributed leadership. In K. Leithwood, P. Hallinger, K. Seashore-Louis, G. Furman-Brown, P. Gronn, W. Mulford and K. Riley (Eds.) Second international handbook of educational leadership and administration (pp. 1–48). Dordrecht: Kluwer.
  • Güçlü, N., Tınmaz, A. & Paksoy, E. E. (2015). Meslek lisesi okul yöneticilerinin dağıtımcı liderlik özelliklerinin incelenmesine yönelik nitel bir araştırma [A qualitative research on the distributed leadership characteristics of vocational high school administrators]. VI. Uluslararası Türkiye Eğitim Araştırmaları Kongresi’nde sunulan bildiri [Paper presented at the VI. Turkey International Congress of Educational Research], Ankara, 2015.
  • Harris, A. (2002). Distributed leadership in schools: Leading or misleading? Source: http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/089202060301600504?journalCode=miea
  • Harris, A. (2004a). Distributed leadership and school improvement: Leading or misleading? Educational Management Administration Leadership, 32(1), 11-24. DOI: 10.1177/1741143204039297
  • Harris, A. (2004b). Distributed leadership: Leading or misleading? Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Education Research Association, San Diego, CA. Source: https://www.aera.net
  • Harris, A. & Muijs, D. (2005). Improving schools through teacher leadership. New York: Open University Press.
  • Hay Group Education (2003). Growing tomorrow’s school leaders: The challenge. Source: http://www.haygroup.com/Downloads/uk/misc/Growing_Tomorrows_School_Leaders.pdf
  • Heck, R. H. & Hallinger, P. (2009). Assessing the contribution of distributed leadership to school improvement and growth in Math achievement. American Educational Research Journal, 46(3), 659–689. DOI: 10.3102/0002831209340042
  • Jaimes, I. J. (2009). Distributed leadership practices in schools: Effect on the development of teacher leadership a case study (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). University of Southern California, California.
  • Joffreh, M., Mohammadi, F. & Yasini, A. (2012). Leadership distribution consequences in schools: A particular look at organizational citizenship behavior of teacher. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 6(12), 259-268.
  • Johnson, R. & Onwuegbuzie, A. (2004). Mixed methods research: A research paradigm whose time has come. Educational Researcher, 33(7), 14-26.
  • Karasar, N. (2012). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemi [Scientific research method]. Ankara: Nobel Yayıncılık [Ankara: Nobel Publishing].
  • Kılınç, Ç. (2014). A quantitative study of the relationship between distributed leadership and organizational citizenship behavior: Perceptions of Turkish primary school teachers. Journal of Curriculum and Teaching, 3(2), 69-78.
  • Korkmaz, E. & Gündüz, H. B. (2011). İlköğretim okulu yöneticilerinin dağıtımcı liderlik davranışlarını gösterme düzeyleri [Indiceting levels of distributive leadership behaviours of primary school principals]. Kalem Eğitim ve İnsan Bilimleri Dergisi [Kalem International Journal of Education and Human Sciences], 2011(1), 123–153.
  • Kotter, P. J. (1990). What do leaders really do? Harvard Business Review, 79(11), 85-96.
  • MacBeath, J., Oduro, G. & Waterhouse, J. (2004). Distributed leadership in action: Full report. Source: www.ncsl.org.uk
  • Mahoney, P. & Moos, L. (1998). Democracy and school leadership in England and Denmark. British Journal of Educational Studies, 46(3), 302–17.
  • Miles, M. & Huberman, M. (1994). An expanded sourcebook qualitative data analysis. California: Sage Publications.
  • Özdemir, M. (2012). Dağıtımcı liderlik envanterinin Türkçe uyarlaması: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışmaları [Turkish adaptation of Distributed Leadership Inventory: The validity and reliability studies]. Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Yönetimi [Educational Administration: Theory and Practice], 18(4), 575-598.
  • Özkan, M. & Çakır, Ç. (2017). Dağıtılmış Liderlik Ölçeği’nin geliştirilmesi [development of Distributed Leadership Scale]. Uluslararası Avrasya Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi [International Journal of Eurasia Social Sciences], 30 (8), 1629-1660.
  • Pounder, D. G., Ogawa, R. T. & Adams, E. A. (1995). Leadership as an organization wide phenomenon: Its impact on school performance. Educational Administration Quarterly, 31(4), 564-588.
  • Printy, S. (2008). Distributed Leadership: A Quick Tour of Theory and Practice, Michigan Principal‘s Fellowship. Michigan Principals Fellowship Summer Institute.
  • Ritchie, R. & Woods, P. (2007) Degrees of distribution: Towards an understanding of variations in the nature of distributed leadership in schools. School Leadership and Management, 27(4), 363-381
  • Singh, S. (2014). The impact of distributed leadership practices on the functioning of primary schools in Johannesburg South (Master’s thesis). University of South Afrıca, Education Management, Johannesburg . Smith, L. M. (2007). Study of teacher engagement in four dimensions of distributed leadership in one school district in Georgia (Electronic thesis & dissertations, Georgia Southern University, Georgia). Source: https://digitalcommons.georgiasouthern.edu/cgi/ viewcontent.cgi referer=https://www.google.com.tr/&httpsredir=1&article=1282&context=etd
  • Smylie, M. A. & Denny, J. W. (1990). Teacher leadership: Tensions and ambiguities in organizational perspective. Educational Administration Quarterly, 26(3), 235-259.
  • Spillane, J. P. (2005). Distributed leadership. Educational Forum, 69(2), 143-150.
  • Spillane, J. P. (2006). Distributed leadership. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
  • Spillane, J. P., Halverson, R. & Diamond, J. B. (2001). Investigating school leadership practice: A distributed perspective. Research News and Comment, April, 2001, 23-28.
  • Wallace, M. & Hall, V. (1994). Inside the SMT: Teamwork in secondary school management. London: Paul Chapman.
  • Williams, C. G. (2011). Distributed leadership in South African schools: possibilities and constraints. South African Journal of Education, 31, 190-200.
  • Woods, P. A., Bennett, N., Harvey, J. A. & Wise, C. (2004). Variabilities and dualities in distributed leadership: Findings from a systematic literature review. Educational Management Administration Leadership, 32(4), 439–457. DOI: 10.1177/1741143204046497
  • Yıldırım, A. & Şimşek, H. (2013). Sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştırma yöntemleri [Qualitative research methods in the social sciences]. Ankara: Seçkin.
  • Yılmaz, D. & Turan, S. (2015). Dağıtılmış liderliğin okullardaki görünümü: Bir yapısal eşitlik modelleme çalışması [Distributed leadership view in schools: A structural equation modelling study]. Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Yönetimi [Educational Administration: Theory and Practice], 21(1), 93-126.

Investigation of in-School Factors Affecting Distributed Leadership Practices

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 14, 383 - 417, 29.10.2019
https://doi.org/10.18009/jcer.584459

Öz

The aim of this study is to identify the
distributed leadership levels in public secondary schools (under the Ministry
of National Education) and explore the in-school factors affecting distributed
leadership practices based on teachers’ opinions. The research is designed
based on a mixed approach. In the quantitative dimension, the sample group
consists of 736 teachers from 27 different secondary schools in the Gaziantep
Province. In the qualitative dimension, the focus group is composed of 24
participant teachers. The Distributed Leadership Scale was used to identify
distributed leadership levels of schools. In the qualitative dimension, a
semi-structured interview form developed by the researchers was applied as the
evaluation instrument. According to teachers’ opinions, the rarest subdimension
of distributed leadership at schools is the “common goals”, while the most
frequently seen is the “cooperation and trust” subdimension. The findings
obtained through interviews show that risk-taking, managerial support, learning
culture, accountability relations, communication, professional development,
facilitating role of the administration and the organizational culture are
positive factors that support distributed leadership, while absence of these
factors poses a barrier to management activities.

Kaynakça

  • Adıgüzelli, Y. (2016). Dağıtılmış liderlik ile örgütsel güven arasındaki ilişkinin öğretmen görüşlerine göre incelenmesi [Examining the relationship between distributed leadership and organizational trust according to opinions of teachers]. Eğitim ve Bilim [Education and Science], 41(185), 269-280.
  • Ağırdaş, Y. (2014). Resmi liselerde dağıtımcı liderlik ile iş doyumu arasındaki ilişkinin öğretmen görüşlerine dayalı olarak incelenmesi (Çorum örneği), [The examination of the relationship between distrubuted leadership and job satisfaction in public high schools based on the opinions of the teachers (Case of province of Çorum)], (Yüksek Lisans Tezi), [Dissertation Masters Thesis]. Okan Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, İstanbul [Okan University, Institute of Social Sciences, İstanbul].
  • Arabacı, İ. B.; Karabatak, S. & Polat, H. (2016). Ortaöğretim okulu yöneticilerinin dağıtımcı liderlik rollerine ilişkin öğretmen algıları [The perceptions of teachers on secondary school administrators’ distributional leadership roles]. Kastamonu Eğitim Dergisi [Kastamonu Education Journal], 24(3), 1015-1032.
  • Archer, M. (1995). Realist social theory: The morphogenetic approach. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Avolio, B. J. (2011). Full range leadership. Los Angeles: Sage Publications.
  • Baloğlu, N. (2011a). Dağıtımcı liderlik: Okullarda dikkate alınması gereken bir liderlik yaklaşımı [Distributed leadership: A leadership approach that should be taken into account in the schools]. Ahi Evran Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi [Ahi Evran University Journal of Kırşehir Education Faculty], 12(3), 127-148.
  • Baloğlu, N. (2011b). Dağıtımcı liderlik uygulamaları: Eklektik bir tasarım çalışması [An eclectic design study on implementations of distributed leadership]. Ahi Evran Üniversitesi Kırşehir Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi (KEFAD) [Ahi Evran University Journal of Kırşehir Education Faculty], 12(4), 163-181.
  • Baloğlu, N. (2012). Değerler temelli liderlik ile dağıtımcı liderlik arasındaki ilişkiler: Okul müdürünün davranışını değerlendirmeye dönük nedensel bir araştırma [Relations between value-based leadership and distributed leadership: A casual research on school principles’ behaviors]. Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Bilimleri [Educational Sciences: Theory & Practice], 12(2), 1367-1378
  • Bennett, N., Wise, C., Woods, P. A. & Harvey, J. A. (2003a). Distributed leadership: A review of literature. National College for School Leadership (NCSL). Source: http://www.rtuni.org/uploads/docs/Distributed%20Leadership%20-%20review.pdf
  • Bennett, N., Wise, C., Woods, P. A. & Harvey, J. A. (2003b). Distributed leadership: A review of literature summary report. National College for School Leadership (NCSL). Source: http://www.learnersfirst.net/private/wp-content/uploads/Resource-Distributed-Leadership-Report-Summary-2003-NCSL.pdf
  • Bolden, R., Petrov, G. & Gosling, J. (2009). Distributed leadership in higher education. Educational Management Administration and Leadership, 37(2), 257-277. Source: http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1741143208100301
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş., Kılıç Çakmak, E., Akgün, Ö. E., Karadeniz, Ş. & Demirel, F. (2012). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri [Scientific research methods]. Ankara: Pegem Akademi Yayınları [Ankara: Pegem Akademi Publishing].
  • Camburn, E.; Rowan, R. & Taylor, J (2003). Distributed leadership in schools: The case of elementary schools adopting comprehensive school reform models. Educational and Policy Analysis, 25(4), 347-373.
  • Chen, Y. (2007). Principals’ distributed leadership behaviors and their impact on student achievement in selected elementary schools in Texas. (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Office of Graduate Studies of Texas A&M University, USA.
  • Clark, A. (2007). The handbook of school management. Cape Town: Macmillan.
  • Creswell, J. W. (2012). Educational research: Planning, conducting, and evaluating quantitative and qualitative research. Boston: Pearson Education, Inc.
  • Creswell, J. W. (2013). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches (Bütün, M. and Demir, S. B., Çev.). Ankara: Siyasal Yayın Dağıtım.
  • Creswell, J. & Plano Clark, V. L. (2007). Understanding mixed methods research. In J. Creswell (Eds.), Designing and conducting mixed methods research (pp. 1-19). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Davis, M. W. (2009). Distributed leadership and school performance (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). George Washington University, The Graduate School of Education and Human Development, USA.
  • Drucker, P. F. (1959). Landmarks of tomorrow: A report on the new “Post-Modern” world. New York: Haper & Bros.
  • Elmore, R. F. (2000). Building a New Structure For School Leadership. The Albert Shanker Instıtute, Winter, 2000. Source: http://www.shankerinstitute.org/sites/shanker/files/building.pdf
  • ESHA (2012). Position paper distributive leadership. Utrecht: ESHA.
  • ESHA (2013). Distributed leadership in practice: A descriptive analysis of distributed leadership in European schools. 28 October, 2013. Source: http://josephkessels.com/sites/default/files/duijf_e.a._2013_distributed_leadership_in_practice_esha-etuce_0.pdf
  • Fiedler, F. E. (1964). A contingency model of leadership effectiveness. In L. Berkowitz (Eds.) Advances in experimental social psychology. New York: Academic Press.
  • Fielding, M. (1999). Radical collegiality: Affirming teaching as an inclusive professional practice. Australian Educational Researcher, 26(2), 1–34.
  • Gibb, C. A. (1947). The principles and traits of leadership. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 42(3), 267‐284.
  • Gibb, C. A. (1954). Leadership. In G. Lindzey (Eds.) Handbook of social psychology (pp. 877-917). MA: Addison-Wesley.
  • Gordon, Z. V. (2005). The effect of distributed leadership on student achievement (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Central Connecticut State University, Connecticut. DAI-A 66/12, June 2006, 101.
  • Grenda, J. P. (2011). Instances and principles of distributed leadership: A multiple case study of Illınois middle school principals’ leadership practices (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). University of Illinois, Educational Administration and Leadership Graduate College, Urbana, Illinois.
  • Gronn, P. (2000). Distributed properties: A new architecture for leadership. Educational Management and Administration, 28(3), 371-388.
  • Gronn, P. (2002a). Distributed leadership as a unit of analysis. Leadership Quarterly, 13(4), 423–51.
  • Gronn, P. (2002b). Distributed leadership. In K. Leithwood, P. Hallinger, K. Seashore-Louis, G. Furman-Brown, P. Gronn, W. Mulford and K. Riley (Eds.) Second international handbook of educational leadership and administration (pp. 1–48). Dordrecht: Kluwer.
  • Güçlü, N., Tınmaz, A. & Paksoy, E. E. (2015). Meslek lisesi okul yöneticilerinin dağıtımcı liderlik özelliklerinin incelenmesine yönelik nitel bir araştırma [A qualitative research on the distributed leadership characteristics of vocational high school administrators]. VI. Uluslararası Türkiye Eğitim Araştırmaları Kongresi’nde sunulan bildiri [Paper presented at the VI. Turkey International Congress of Educational Research], Ankara, 2015.
  • Harris, A. (2002). Distributed leadership in schools: Leading or misleading? Source: http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/089202060301600504?journalCode=miea
  • Harris, A. (2004a). Distributed leadership and school improvement: Leading or misleading? Educational Management Administration Leadership, 32(1), 11-24. DOI: 10.1177/1741143204039297
  • Harris, A. (2004b). Distributed leadership: Leading or misleading? Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Education Research Association, San Diego, CA. Source: https://www.aera.net
  • Harris, A. & Muijs, D. (2005). Improving schools through teacher leadership. New York: Open University Press.
  • Hay Group Education (2003). Growing tomorrow’s school leaders: The challenge. Source: http://www.haygroup.com/Downloads/uk/misc/Growing_Tomorrows_School_Leaders.pdf
  • Heck, R. H. & Hallinger, P. (2009). Assessing the contribution of distributed leadership to school improvement and growth in Math achievement. American Educational Research Journal, 46(3), 659–689. DOI: 10.3102/0002831209340042
  • Jaimes, I. J. (2009). Distributed leadership practices in schools: Effect on the development of teacher leadership a case study (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). University of Southern California, California.
  • Joffreh, M., Mohammadi, F. & Yasini, A. (2012). Leadership distribution consequences in schools: A particular look at organizational citizenship behavior of teacher. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 6(12), 259-268.
  • Johnson, R. & Onwuegbuzie, A. (2004). Mixed methods research: A research paradigm whose time has come. Educational Researcher, 33(7), 14-26.
  • Karasar, N. (2012). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemi [Scientific research method]. Ankara: Nobel Yayıncılık [Ankara: Nobel Publishing].
  • Kılınç, Ç. (2014). A quantitative study of the relationship between distributed leadership and organizational citizenship behavior: Perceptions of Turkish primary school teachers. Journal of Curriculum and Teaching, 3(2), 69-78.
  • Korkmaz, E. & Gündüz, H. B. (2011). İlköğretim okulu yöneticilerinin dağıtımcı liderlik davranışlarını gösterme düzeyleri [Indiceting levels of distributive leadership behaviours of primary school principals]. Kalem Eğitim ve İnsan Bilimleri Dergisi [Kalem International Journal of Education and Human Sciences], 2011(1), 123–153.
  • Kotter, P. J. (1990). What do leaders really do? Harvard Business Review, 79(11), 85-96.
  • MacBeath, J., Oduro, G. & Waterhouse, J. (2004). Distributed leadership in action: Full report. Source: www.ncsl.org.uk
  • Mahoney, P. & Moos, L. (1998). Democracy and school leadership in England and Denmark. British Journal of Educational Studies, 46(3), 302–17.
  • Miles, M. & Huberman, M. (1994). An expanded sourcebook qualitative data analysis. California: Sage Publications.
  • Özdemir, M. (2012). Dağıtımcı liderlik envanterinin Türkçe uyarlaması: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışmaları [Turkish adaptation of Distributed Leadership Inventory: The validity and reliability studies]. Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Yönetimi [Educational Administration: Theory and Practice], 18(4), 575-598.
  • Özkan, M. & Çakır, Ç. (2017). Dağıtılmış Liderlik Ölçeği’nin geliştirilmesi [development of Distributed Leadership Scale]. Uluslararası Avrasya Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi [International Journal of Eurasia Social Sciences], 30 (8), 1629-1660.
  • Pounder, D. G., Ogawa, R. T. & Adams, E. A. (1995). Leadership as an organization wide phenomenon: Its impact on school performance. Educational Administration Quarterly, 31(4), 564-588.
  • Printy, S. (2008). Distributed Leadership: A Quick Tour of Theory and Practice, Michigan Principal‘s Fellowship. Michigan Principals Fellowship Summer Institute.
  • Ritchie, R. & Woods, P. (2007) Degrees of distribution: Towards an understanding of variations in the nature of distributed leadership in schools. School Leadership and Management, 27(4), 363-381
  • Singh, S. (2014). The impact of distributed leadership practices on the functioning of primary schools in Johannesburg South (Master’s thesis). University of South Afrıca, Education Management, Johannesburg . Smith, L. M. (2007). Study of teacher engagement in four dimensions of distributed leadership in one school district in Georgia (Electronic thesis & dissertations, Georgia Southern University, Georgia). Source: https://digitalcommons.georgiasouthern.edu/cgi/ viewcontent.cgi referer=https://www.google.com.tr/&httpsredir=1&article=1282&context=etd
  • Smylie, M. A. & Denny, J. W. (1990). Teacher leadership: Tensions and ambiguities in organizational perspective. Educational Administration Quarterly, 26(3), 235-259.
  • Spillane, J. P. (2005). Distributed leadership. Educational Forum, 69(2), 143-150.
  • Spillane, J. P. (2006). Distributed leadership. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
  • Spillane, J. P., Halverson, R. & Diamond, J. B. (2001). Investigating school leadership practice: A distributed perspective. Research News and Comment, April, 2001, 23-28.
  • Wallace, M. & Hall, V. (1994). Inside the SMT: Teamwork in secondary school management. London: Paul Chapman.
  • Williams, C. G. (2011). Distributed leadership in South African schools: possibilities and constraints. South African Journal of Education, 31, 190-200.
  • Woods, P. A., Bennett, N., Harvey, J. A. & Wise, C. (2004). Variabilities and dualities in distributed leadership: Findings from a systematic literature review. Educational Management Administration Leadership, 32(4), 439–457. DOI: 10.1177/1741143204046497
  • Yıldırım, A. & Şimşek, H. (2013). Sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştırma yöntemleri [Qualitative research methods in the social sciences]. Ankara: Seçkin.
  • Yılmaz, D. & Turan, S. (2015). Dağıtılmış liderliğin okullardaki görünümü: Bir yapısal eşitlik modelleme çalışması [Distributed leadership view in schools: A structural equation modelling study]. Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Yönetimi [Educational Administration: Theory and Practice], 21(1), 93-126.
Toplam 64 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Çiğdem Çakır 0000-0003-1954-5214

Metin Özkan 0000-0002-4891-9409

Yayımlanma Tarihi 29 Ekim 2019
Gönderilme Tarihi 29 Haziran 2019
Kabul Tarihi 19 Ağustos 2019
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2019 Cilt: 7 Sayı: 14

Kaynak Göster

APA Çakır, Ç., & Özkan, M. (2019). Investigation of in-School Factors Affecting Distributed Leadership Practices. Journal of Computer and Education Research, 7(14), 383-417. https://doi.org/10.18009/jcer.584459

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