Geçmişten Günümüze Avrupa Birliği'nde Nükleer Enerji

Öz

Enerji Avrupa bütünleşmesinin temel taşlarından biri olmuş, Avrupa Birliği’nin (AB) kurucu ülkeleri önce kömür ve çelikte başlattıkları işbirliğini 1957’de EURATOM Antlaşması’nı imzalayarak nükleer enerji alanına da taşımışlardır. O dönemde nükleer enerji Avrupa’nın kalkınmasında gerekli olan enerjiyi sağlarken dışa bağımlılığı azaltacak stratejik bir araç olarak kabul edilmiştir. Bu çalışmanın amacı 1950’lerden günümüze AB’de nükleer enerji politikalarının geçirdiği tarihsel dönüşümü analiz etmektir. Çalışmada AB’deki nükleer enerji dinamikleri AB (ulusüstü), üye devlet (ulusal) ve kamuoyu (toplumsal) olmak üzere üç farklı analiz düzeyinde incelenmektedir. Çalışma, AB’de nükleer enerji dinamiklerini enerji arz güvenliği, nükleer kazalar ve iklim değişikliği ile mücadele olmak üzere üç temel unsurun şekillendirdiğini savunmaktadır. Rusya Ukrayna Savaşı’yla derinleşen enerji güvenliği kaygıları ve iklim değişikliği ile mücadelenin gerektirdiği karbonsuzlaşma zorunluluğu nedeniyle, kısa vadede birçok AB ülkesinde nükleer enerjiye yönelik desteğin artacağını ancak kamuyoyu nezdinde çevresel güvenlik kaygılarının yenilenebilir enerjiyi nükleer enerjiye kıyasla daha ön planda tutacağını öngörmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Avrupa Birliği
• Euratom
• İklim değişikliği
• Nükleer Enerji
• Rusya-Ukrayna Savaşı

NUCLEAR ENERGY in the EUROPEAN UNION FROM PAST to PRESENT

Öz

Energy is one of the cornerstones of the European integration. The founding countries of the European Union (EU) first initiated cooperation in coal and steel and extended it to the field of nuclear energy by signing the EURATOM Treaty in 1957. In that period nuclear energy was considered a strategic tool that would provide the necessary energy Europe’s development while reducing foreign dependency. This study aims to analyse the historical transformation of nuclear energy policies in the EU from the 1950s to the present. In this study, the dynamics of nuclear energy in the EU are examined at three different levels of analysis: EU (supranational), member state (national) and public opinion (societal). The study argues that three main factors-energy supply security, nuclear accidents and combating climate change- shape the dynamics of nuclear energy in the EU. Due to energy security concerns deepened by the Russia-Ukraine War and the necessity of decarbonization required to combat climate change, it is predicted that support for nuclear energy will increase in many EU countries in the short term, but environmental safety concerns will prioritize renewable energy over nuclear energy in the public opinion.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• European Union
• Climate change
• Euratom
• Nuclear Energy
• Russia-Ukraine War

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