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TRADE DYNAMICS BETWEEN TÜRKİYE AND THE MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA (MENA) COUNTRIES: AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS USING THE GRAVITY MODEL

Cilt: 7 Sayı: 1 29 Nisan 2026
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TRADE DYNAMICS BETWEEN TÜRKİYE AND THE MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA (MENA) COUNTRIES: AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS USING THE GRAVITY MODEL

Öz

Given the strategic significance of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region on a global scale, particularly in relation to Türkiye, this study investigates the determinants of bilateral trade flows between Türkiye and MENA countries through an extended gravity model framework. Employing a panel data methodology, the study utilizes a Fixed Effects model with Clustered Standard Errors, complemented by a Panel-Corrected Standard Errors (PCSE) approach to account for time-invariant variables. The findings reveal that economic size and geographical proximity are primary factors influencing trade integration. Specifically, Türkiye's Gross Domestic Product (GDP) underscores its role as a regional economic hub, while the positive influence of MENA countries' GDP indicates economic complementarity rather than dependency. Additionally, population size demonstrates a strong positive relationship with trade volume, supporting the market size hypothesis. In contrast, exchange rate fluctuations, political stability, and Trade Agreements did not show statistically significant effects, suggesting that current trade networks are resilient to short-term macroeconomic fluctuations and that formal agreements have yet to generate considerable trade benefits. Distance remains a factor that elevates transaction costs, whereas shared borders facilitate cultural connections and cross-border supply chains. These insights suggest that policy efforts should prioritize enhancing productive capacity and logistical infrastructure, rather than solely focusing on institutional reforms.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kaynakça

  1. Abdelkrim, E. (2016). Using the gravity model to estimate the trade potential of Maghreb countries, (PhD thesis), Hassiba Ben Bouali University – Algeria https://www.researchgate.net/publication/318210196.
  2. Adam, C., & Cobham, D. (2007). Modelling multilateral trade resistance in a gravity model with exchange rate regimes Centre for Dynamic Macroeconomic Analysis Conference Papers, 44, 1-49. https://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/~wwwecon/CDMA/papers/cp0702.pdf.
  3. Al-Kawaz A. (2009). Foreign Trade and Regional Economic Integration. Arab Planning Institute, Issue 81, March 2009, Kuwait.
  4. Ammar N. (2013). International Economics, Publications of the Faculty of Economics, Business, and Management Sciences, El Hadj Lakhdar University, Algeria, 2013-2014 academic year.
  5. Antonucci, D., & Manzocchi, S. (2006). Does Turkey have a special trade relation with the EU?: A gravity model approach. Economic Systems, 30(2), 157-169. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecosys.2005.10.003.
  6. Artuç, M. F. (2019). Türkiye ile OECD ülkeleri arasındaki dış ticaretin çekim modeli çerçevesinde analizi. [Master's thesis, Şırnak University]. https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/481565853.pdf.
  7. Ata, S. (2012). Türkiye’nin ihracat potansiyeli: Çekim modeli çerçevesinde bir inceleme. International Conference on Eurasian Economies, 13, 276-282. https://www.academia.edu/128832299/Turkey_s_Export_Potential_A_Gravity_Model_Analysis.
  8. Aysun, A., Öksüzler, O., & Yılgör, M. (2012). Gümrük Birliği’nin Türkiye’nin dış ticareti üzerine etkisi: Panel çekim modeli uygulaması. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 13(2), 15-26. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/ogusbd/issue/11002/131646.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

İngilizce

Konular

Politika ve Yönetim (Diğer)

Bölüm

Araştırma Makalesi

Yayımlanma Tarihi

29 Nisan 2026

Gönderilme Tarihi

11 Mart 2026

Kabul Tarihi

14 Nisan 2026

Yayımlandığı Sayı

Yıl 2026 Cilt: 7 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA
Baylan, M., & Halabi, E. (2026). TRADE DYNAMICS BETWEEN TÜRKİYE AND THE MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA (MENA) COUNTRIES: AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS USING THE GRAVITY MODEL. Journal of Economics and Research, 7(1), 1-19. https://doi.org/10.53280/jer.1907096
AMA
1.Baylan M, Halabi E. TRADE DYNAMICS BETWEEN TÜRKİYE AND THE MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA (MENA) COUNTRIES: AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS USING THE GRAVITY MODEL. Journal of Economics and Research. 2026;7(1):1-19. doi:10.53280/jer.1907096
Chicago
Baylan, Mustafa, ve Emir Halabi. 2026. “TRADE DYNAMICS BETWEEN TÜRKİYE AND THE MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA (MENA) COUNTRIES: AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS USING THE GRAVITY MODEL”. Journal of Economics and Research 7 (1): 1-19. https://doi.org/10.53280/jer.1907096.
EndNote
Baylan M, Halabi E (01 Nisan 2026) TRADE DYNAMICS BETWEEN TÜRKİYE AND THE MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA (MENA) COUNTRIES: AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS USING THE GRAVITY MODEL. Journal of Economics and Research 7 1 1–19.
IEEE
[1]M. Baylan ve E. Halabi, “TRADE DYNAMICS BETWEEN TÜRKİYE AND THE MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA (MENA) COUNTRIES: AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS USING THE GRAVITY MODEL”, Journal of Economics and Research, c. 7, sy 1, ss. 1–19, Nis. 2026, doi: 10.53280/jer.1907096.
ISNAD
Baylan, Mustafa - Halabi, Emir. “TRADE DYNAMICS BETWEEN TÜRKİYE AND THE MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA (MENA) COUNTRIES: AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS USING THE GRAVITY MODEL”. Journal of Economics and Research 7/1 (01 Nisan 2026): 1-19. https://doi.org/10.53280/jer.1907096.
JAMA
1.Baylan M, Halabi E. TRADE DYNAMICS BETWEEN TÜRKİYE AND THE MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA (MENA) COUNTRIES: AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS USING THE GRAVITY MODEL. Journal of Economics and Research. 2026;7:1–19.
MLA
Baylan, Mustafa, ve Emir Halabi. “TRADE DYNAMICS BETWEEN TÜRKİYE AND THE MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA (MENA) COUNTRIES: AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS USING THE GRAVITY MODEL”. Journal of Economics and Research, c. 7, sy 1, Nisan 2026, ss. 1-19, doi:10.53280/jer.1907096.
Vancouver
1.Mustafa Baylan, Emir Halabi. TRADE DYNAMICS BETWEEN TÜRKİYE AND THE MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA (MENA) COUNTRIES: AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS USING THE GRAVITY MODEL. Journal of Economics and Research. 01 Nisan 2026;7(1):1-19. doi:10.53280/jer.1907096

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