KÜRESELLEŞMEDEN BÖLGESELLEŞMEYE GEÇİŞ SÜRECİNDE AFRİKA: TİCARET BLOKLARI VE EKONOMİK PERFORMANSIN KARŞILAŞTIRMALI ANALİZİ (1980–2025)

Öz

Bu çalışma, küreselleşmeden bölgeselleşmeye geçiş sürecinde Afrika’daki bölgesel ticaret bloklarının ekonomik performans, yapısal dönüşüm ve jeoekonomik yeniden konumlanma üzerindeki etkilerini 1980–2025 dönemi boyunca incelemektedir. Çalışmanın temel amacı, Afrika’daki bölgeselleşme sürecinin yalnızca ticaret hacmini artıran bir entegrasyon mekanizması mı olduğu, yoksa daha geniş bir sanayileşme ve yapısal dönüşüm kapasitesi üretip üretmediğini analiz etmektir. Bu çerçevede çalışma, ECOWAS, SADC, COMESA, EAC ve AfCFTA gibi bölgesel entegrasyon girişimlerini karşılaştırmalı makro-yapısal analiz yaklaşımıyla değerlendirmektedir. Metodolojik olarak çalışma; “temel ampirik olgular”, dönemsel rejim analizi ve karşılaştırmalı yapısal göstergeler kullanmaktadır. Analiz bulguları, Afrika’da bölgesel ticaretin arttığını ancak entegrasyonun ekonomik etkilerinin ticaret blokları arasında önemli ölçüde heterojen olduğunu göstermektedir. Özellikle sanayi kapasitesi, ihracat çeşitliliği ve üretim yapısının dönüşüm düzeyi, bölgeselleşmenin ekonomik başarısını belirleyen temel faktörler olarak öne çıkmaktadır. Çalışma ayrıca pandemi sonrası dönemde jeoekonomik parçalanma, tedarik zinciri yeniden yapılanması ve küresel güç rekabetinin Afrika’daki bölgeselleşme eğilimlerini hızlandırdığını ortaya koymaktadır. Sonuç olarak çalışma, Afrika’daki yeni bölgeselleşme sürecinin yalnızca ekonomik entegrasyon değil; aynı zamanda küresel üretim ağları içerisinde jeoekonomik yeniden konumlanma süreci olduğunu ileri sürmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Afrika
• Bölgeselleşme
• Küreselleşme
• Ticaret Blokları
• Sanayileşme

Africa in the Transition from Globalization to Regionalization: A Comparative Analysis of Trade Blocs and Economic Performance (1980–2025)

Öz

This study examines the effects of regional trade blocs on economic performance, structural transformation, and geoeconomic repositioning in Africa during the transition from globalization to regionalization 1980–2025. The main objective of the study is to analyze whether regionalization in Africa serves merely as a trade-expanding integration mechanism or whether it generates a broader capacity for industrialization and structural transformation. In this context, the article comparatively evaluates regional integration initiatives such as ECOWAS, SADC, COMESA, EAC, and AfCFTA through a comparative macro-structural analytical framework. Methodologically, the study employs stylized facts analysis, regime-based periodization, and comparative structural indicators. The findings reveal that intra-African trade has increased significantly; however, the economic effects of integration remain highly heterogeneous across regional blocs. In particular, industrial capacity, export diversification, and the transformation of production structures emerge as the key determinants of successful regional integration. The study further demonstrates that post-pandemic geoeconomic fragmentation, supply chain restructuring, and intensifying global power competition have accelerated regionalization trendse across Africa. Operalı, the article argues that the new wave of regionalization in Africa represents not only an economic integration process but also a broader geoeconomic repositioning within global production networks.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Africa
• Regionalization
• Globalization
• Trade Blocks
• Industrialization

Kaynakça

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