FLOOD HAZARD MAPPING USING THE GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEM BASED ANALYTICAL HIERARCHY PROCESS

Öz

The aim of this study is to reveal the flood risk of Sivas city center and its immediate surroundings, which was chosen as the study area. In the study, 8 criteria (slope, elevation, aspect, precipitation, large soil group, distance to rivers, lithology and land use) were selected for flood risk mapping. These criteria were analyzed using the Geographical Information System (GIS) on the basis of the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method, which is one of the multi-criteria decision-making methods, and areas at risk for flooding were determined. The CR (Consistency) value was calculated as 0.03 for the criteria considered in flood hazard mapping within the scope of the AHP method, and this value showed that the results obtained were consistent and acceptable. The risk categories revealed by the flood hazard map created within the framework of the method are “very high (12.72%)”, “high (24.40%)”, “medium (28.14%)”, “low (25.40%)” and “very low (11.72%)”. )” was represented by 5 different classes. Some of the residential areas (25.20%) and some of the agricultural areas (47.28%) in the study area were included in the category of “very high” risky areas in terms of flooding. The results showed that GIS-based AHP method can provide great benefits to decision makers in reducing flood risks. In order to reduce flood risks, flood risk data should be reflected in city plans and plan implementations should be given priority according to the degree of flood risk.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Flood
• Flood Hazard Mapping
• Geographic Information System
• Analytical Hierarchy Process

COĞRAFİ BİLGİ SİSTEMİ TABANLI ANALİTİK HİYERARŞİ SÜRECİ KULLANILARAK TAŞKIN TEHLİKE HARİTALAMASI

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı; çalışma alanı olarak seçilmiş olan Sivas kent merkezi ve yakın çevresinin taşkın riskini ortaya koymaktır. Çalışmada taşkın risk haritalaması için 8 adet kriter (eğim, yükseklik, bakı, yağış, büyük toprak grubu, akarsulara uzaklık, litoloji ve arazi kullanımı) seçilmiştir. Bu kriterler çok kriterli karar verme yöntemlerinden olan Analitik Hiyerarşi -Süreci (AHS) yöntemi temelinde Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemi (CBS) kullanılarak analiz edilmiş ve taşkın açısından riskli alanlar belirlenmiştir. AHS yöntemi kapsamında taşkın tehlike haritalamasında dikkate alınan kriterler için CR (Tutarlılık) değeri 0.03 olarak hesaplanmış olup, bu değer elde edilen sonuçların tutarlı ve kabul edilebilir olduğunu göstermiştir. Yöntem çerçevesinde oluşturulmuş olan taşkın tehlike haritasının ortaya koyduğu risk kategorileri “çok yüksek (% 12.72)”, “yüksek (% 24.40)”, “orta (% 28.14)”, “düşük (% 25.40)” ve “çok düşük (% 11.32)” şeklinde 5 farklı sınıf ile temsil edilmiştir. Çalışma alanındaki yerleşim alanlarının bir kısmı (% 25.20) ile tarım alanlarının bir kısmı (% 47.28), taşkın riski açısından “çok yüksek” riskli alanlar kategorisinde yer almıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlar; taşkın risklerinin azaltılmasında CBS tabanlı AHS yönteminin karar vericilere oldukça faydalar sağlayabileceğini göstermiştir. Taşkın risklerinin azaltılmasına yönelik olarak taşkın risk verileri kent planlarına yansıtılmalı ve plan uygulamalarına taşkın riskinin derecesine göre öncelik verilmelidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Taşkın
• Taşkın Tehlike Haritalaması
• Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemi
• Analitik Hiyerarşi Prosesi

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