ELMA SUYU, VİŞNE SUYU VE GÜL YAĞI İŞLEME ATIKLARINDAN SELÜLOZ LİFİ ÜRETİMİ VE ÖZELLİKLERİNİN BELİRLENMESİ

Öz

Bu çalışmada, vişne ve elma suyu işleme atıkları ile gül yağı üretiminden elde edilen atıkların içerdiği lignoselülozik yapıdan selüloz lifi eldesi incelenmiştir. Bu kapsamda, posa önce 1:10 oranında su ile seyreltilmiş, 121°C’de 30 dakika işleme tabi tutularak kısmi çözünürlüğü sağlanmıştır. Daha sonra, filtre edilerek suda çözünen kısım ve lignoselülozik yapı olarak iki kısma ayrılmıştır. Elde edilen yapı, 121°C’de 30 dakika boyunca 1M NaOH ile alkali işleme tabi tutulmuş ve ardından %45 H₂SO₄ ile 50°C’de 45 dakika asit hidrolizi uygulanarak selüloz lifleri elde edilmiştir. Elde edilen ürünler, selüloz, lignin, pektin, şeker ve fenolik içerik bakımından analiz edilmiş; ayrıca ekstrakte edilen selüloz, morfolojik (SEM ve FTIR) ve termal olarak incelenmiştir. Sonuçlara göre, ön işlem sonrasında en yüksek selüloz oranı %50.20 ile elma posasında, en yüksek lignin oranı ise %50.63 ile vişne posasında tespit edilmiştir. FTIR analizi, elma posasından elde edilen liflerin daha belirgin bir selüloz yapısına sahip olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. SEM görüntüleri ise, elma posası liflerinin daha düzenli ve belirgin lif yapısı gösterdiğini; buna karşın vişne ve gül posası liflerinde çeşitli safsızlıkların bulunduğunu göstermiştir. TGA analizi elma posasından elde edilen liflerin termal kararlılığının daha yüksek olduğunu göstermiştir. Bu bulgular, elma posasından elde edilen selüloz liflerinin biyobozunur ambalaj malzemeleri için incelenen diğer ürünlere göre daha uygun bir dolgu maddesi olduğunu göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Tarımsal atıklar
• Selüloz lifi
• Atık değerlendirme

EXTRACTION OF CELLULOSE FIBERS FROM APPLE JUICE, CHERRY JUICE, AND ROSE OIL PROCESSING WASTES AND ITS CHARACTERIZATION

Öz

In this study, the production of cellulose fiber from lignocellulosic structure contained in cherry and apple juice processing wastes and wastes obtained from rose oil production was investigated. In this context, the pulp was first diluted with water at a ratio of 1:10 and partially solubilized by processing at 121°C for 30 minutes. Then, it was filtered and separated into two parts as water-soluble and lignocellulosic structure. The obtained structure was subjected to alkali treatment with 1M NaOH at 121°C for 30 minutes and then cellulose fibers were obtained by acid hydrolysis with 45% H₂SO₄ at 50°C for 45 minutes. The obtained products were analyzed in terms of cellulose, lignin, pectin, sugar and phenolic content; in addition, the extracted cellulose was examined morphologically (SEM and FTIR) and thermally. According to the results, the highest cellulose ratio after pretreatment was determined as 50.20% in apple pomace, and the highest lignin ratio was determined as 50.63% in cherry pomace. FTIR analysis revealed that the fibers obtained from apple pomace had a more distinct cellulose structure. SEM images showed that the apple pomace fibers showed a more regular and distinct fiber structure; nevertheless, it presented various impurities in cherry and rose pomace fibers. TGA analysis showed that the thermal stability of the fibers obtained from apple pomace was higher. These findings indicate that the cellulose fibers obtained from apple pomace are a more suitable filler for biodegradable packaging materials compared to the other products examined.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Agro-industrial waste
• Cellulose fiber
• Waste utilization

Kaynakça

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