ORTA GERİLİM XLPE KABLOLARINDA KISMİ DEŞARJA NEDEN OLAN BOŞLUKLARIN ÖZGÜN BİR SRR TABANLI MİKRODALGA SENSÖR İLE YÜKSEK HASSASİYETLİ TESPİTİ

Öz

Yüksek gerilim güç kablolarının yalıtım katmanı içindeki hava boşlukları, yalıtım delinmesine yol açabilen kısmi deşarj (PD) olaylarını tetikleyerek sistem güvenilirliği için bir tehdit oluşturur. Bu çalışmada, XLPE kablo yalıtımında hava boşluklarının tahribatsız tespiti için mikrodalga rezonans tekniğine dayalı Ayrık Halka Rezonatör sensörü tasarlanmış ve deneysel olarak doğrulanmıştır. Genellikle anten tabanlı yapılar kullanarak S11 parametresi aracılığıyla PD sinyallerini tespit etmeye odaklanan literatürdeki çalışmaların aksine, bu çalışma iletim hattı tabanlı bir sensör kullanarak dielektrik değişimleri doğrudan tespit etmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Geliştirilen sensör, hava boşluklarının ortamın etkin dielektrik sabitini azaltması prensibine dayanarak rezonans frekansında değişikliklere neden olmuştur. Deneysel analizler, sensörün yarı iletken katmanın ve dış koruyucu kılıfın kalkanlama etkilerine rağmen iç yapıyı analiz etmek için yeterli nüfuz derinliğine sahip olduğunu göstermiştir. Saha koşullarını simüle eden tam kablo yapısında, rezonans frekansı kusursuz referans durumunda 4.42 GHz olarak ölçülmüştür. Bu frekans değeri, hacimsel boşluğun en baskın olduğu senaryoda 4.60 GHz'e, dar/derin boşluk için 4.56 GHz'e ve sığ boşluk için 4.54 GHz'e değişmiştir. Referans durumuna göre 460 MHz'e varan frekans farkları, sadece kusurun tespit edilmesini değil, aynı zamanda büyüklüğünün ve özelliklerinin de analiz edilmesini sağlamıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Orta Gerilim
• Elektrik
• Kısmi Desarj
• XLPE
• Mikrodalga Sensör.

HIGH-SENSITIVITY DETECTION OF PARTIAL DISCHARGE-INDUCING VOIDS IN MEDIUM VOLTAGE XLPE CABLES USING A NOVEL SRR-BASED MICROWAVE SENSOR

Öz

Air voids within the insulation layer of high-voltage power cables constitute a significant threat to system reliability by triggering partial discharge (PD) events, which can eventually lead to catastrophic insulation breakdown. In this study, a Split Ring Resonator (SRR) sensor based on the microwave resonance technique was designed and experimentally validated for the non-destructive detection of air voids in XLPE cable insulation. Distinct from existing literature, which predominantly utilizes antenna-based structures to capture PD signals via reflection coefficients (S11), this work employs a transmission line-based sensor to detect local dielectric changes directly through transmission parameter (S21) monitoring. The developed sensor induced significant resonance frequency shifts based on the principle that air voids reduce the effective dielectric constant. Experimental analyses demonstrated that the sensor possesses sufficient penetration depth to analyze the internal structure despite the shielding effects of the semiconductor layer and the outer protective sheath. In full-scale cable tests, the reference resonance frequency of 4.42 GHz shifted to 4.60 GHz for the dominant volumetric void, 4.56 GHz for the narrow void, and 4.54 GHz for the shallow void. With frequency differences reaching up to 460 MHz relative to the reference state, the sensor enabled both defect detection and characterization.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• XLPE
• Medium Voltage
• Electricity
• Partial Discharge
• Microwave Sensor

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