CAST UYGULAMASI: CAPECO ÇOKLU TANK PATLAMASI ÖRNEK ÇALIŞMA

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 1, 74 - 83, 23.03.2022

Müge Ensari Özay

https://doi.org/10.21923/jesd.936013

Öz

Petrol ürünleri gibi tehlikeli kimyasalların neden olduğu büyük endüstriyel kazalar kimya ve petrol işleme endüstrilerinde nadir görülmesine rağmen, önemli mali kayıplara, ölümlere ve ciddi çevresel etkilere neden olmaktadırlar. Geleneksel kaza inceleme yöntemleri doğrusal sistemler için iyi çalışsa da, sistemler teorisine dayanan bir kaza analizi yöntemi, büyük endüstriyel kazaların analiz edilmesinde daha etkili olmaktadır. Bu çalışma, Karayip petrol tankı terminal patlamasını Sistemler teorisi yöntemine dayalı nedensel analiz (CAST) yöntemini kullanarak analiz etmektedir. Karayip petrol tankı terminal patlaması, son 50 yıldaki en büyük tank olaylarından biridir. CAST analizi sırasında CAPECO kazasıyla ilgili doğrudan ve dolaylı nedensel faktörler ortaya çıkarılmıştır. Yönetim standardizasyonu ve operasyonel sistemlerin eksikliği, kazanın önde gelen doğrudan nedenleri olarak belirlenmiştir. Diğer ana nedenler, bağımsız bir otomatik taşma önleme sisteminin olmaması, en kötü durum senaryosunun dikkate alınmaması, güvenilmez kritik ekipman ve terminal alanına yayılan büyük bir taşan buhar bulutunun tespit edilememesi olarak belirlendi. Çalışma, CAST'ın bir sistemin farklı hiyerarşik seviyelerinde birçok nedensel faktörü ortaya çıkarabileceğini göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kaza Analizi, Patlama, Güvenlik Yönetimi, İş Güvenliği, Büyük Endüstriyel Kaza

CAST APPLICATION: A CASE STUDY OF CAPECO MULTIPLE TANK EXPLOSION

Öz

Although major industrial accidents caused by hazardous chemicals such as petroleum products are rare in the chemical and petroleum processing industries, they cause significant financial losses, deaths and serious environmental impacts. Even though traditional accident investigation methods work well for linear systems, an accident analysis method built on systems theory helps to analyze major industrial accidents. This study analyzes the Caribbean petroleum tank terminal explosion using Causal Analysis based on Systems Theory (CAST) method. The main purpose of this research is to examine the causes of the accident with a risk assessment based on systems theory apart from traditional methods. The Caribbean petroleum tank terminal explosion was chosen for the study because it was one of the largest tank accidents in the last 50 years. In order to prevent future accidents, it is of great importance to analyze past accidents by analyzing them with new methods. For this purpose, various data and documents related to CAPECO accidents were examined in detail within the framework of CAST methodology. The CAST analysis revealed direct and indirect causal factors related to the CAPECO accident. The lack of management standardization and operational systems were the leading direct causes for the accident. Other main reasons were identified as the absence of an independent automatic overfill prevention system, a lack of considerations on the worst-case scenario, unreliable critical equipment, and inability to detect a large overflowing vapor cloud spreading into the terminal area. The study indicates that CAST methodology can reveal many causal factors at different hierarchical levels of a system.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Accident Analysis, Explosion, Safety Management, Occupational Safety, Major Industrial Accident

Kaynakça

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