Polyphenols and their effects on sportive performance

Öz

The use of polyphenol (PP) supplements has been reported to increase whole body antioxidant capacity and modulate endothelial function. Various epidemiological studies and clinical trials have proven that the risk of developing some chronic diseases (coronary heart disease, stroke, type II diabetes and some types of cancer) decreases with the increase in the intake of PPs due to their many biological activities. At the same time, it is seen that the consumption of supplements rich in antioxidant compounds by athletes has been increasing to a great extent in recent years due to their beneficial effects on sportive performance. The results of the studies in the literature are still insufficient to suggest that the use of PP supplements will be in favor or against the recreational, competitive or elite athletes. In this sense, more research and evidence is needed. It is important to screen for oxidative stress status in these athletes first, as athletes with higher oxidative stress levels will clearly need antioxidant supplements more. Since polyphenols have many biological effects; In future exercise studies, instead of focusing only on sportive performance, it will be more appropriate to work in a suitable and specific way to determine the physiological interactions between exercise and the selected PP supplement.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Polyphenols
• supplements
• antioxidant
• exercise
• sportive performance

Polifenoller ve sportif performans üzerindeki etkileri

Öz

Polifenoller, bir diğer adıyla fenolik bileşikler; patojen organizmaların varlığı, ultraviyole ışına maruz kalma, olumsuz iklim koşulları gibi durumlarda bitkiler tarafından sentezlenen savunma mekanizmasında görev alan biyoaktif bileşenler olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadırlar. Günümüze kadar 8000’den fazla fenolik bileşik tanımlanmıştır. Doğal polifenoller; sebze, meyve, baklagiller, tahıllar, tohumların yenilebilir bitki kısımlarında, ayrıca kırmızı şarap ve kakao gibi besinlerde bulunmaktadır. Polifenol (PP) takviyelerinin kullanılmasının, tüm vücut antioksidan kapasitesini arttırdığı ve endotel fonksiyonunu modüle ettiği bildirilmektedir. Çeşitli epidemiyolojik çalışmalar ve klinik deneyler, birçok biyolojik aktivite sergileme özelliklerinden dolayı PP’lerin alımındaki artış ile bazı kronik hastalıkların (koroner kalp hastalığı, inme, tip II diyabet ve bazı kanser çeşitleri) oluşma riskinde azalma olduğunu kanıtlamışlardır. Aynı zamanda, sportif performans üzerinde yararlı olabilecek etkilerinden ötürü son yıllarda, sporcular tarafından antioksidan bileşiklerden zengin takviyelerin tüketiminin büyük ölçüde artmakta olduğu görülmektedir. Literatürde yer alan çalışma sonuçları, PP takviyelerinin kullanılmasının rekreasyonel, rekabetçi veya elit sporcuların lehine veya aleyhine olacağının önerisini vermede henüz yetersiz kalmaktadır. Bu anlamda, daha çok araştırmaya ve kanıta ihtiyaç bulunmaktadır. Daha yüksek oksidatif stres seviyelerine sahip olan sporcuların, antioksidan takviyelerine açıkça daha fazla ihtiyaç duyacağından, bu sporcularda ilk olarak oksidatif stres durumunun taranması önem arz etmektedir. Polifenollerin çok sayıda biyolojik etkileri bulunduğundan; gelecekteki egzersiz çalışmalarında yalnızca sportif performansa odaklanmak yerine, egzersiz ve seçilen PP takviyesi arasındaki fizyolojik etkileşimleri belirlemeye uygun ve spesifik bir şekilde çalışılması daha doğru olacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Polifenol
• takviye
• antioksidan
• egzersiz
• sportif performans

Kaynakça

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