Araştırma Makalesi

Fetal Adrenal Microvascularization and Automated Three-Dimensional Adrenal Volume in Preterm Premature Rupture of Membranes: A Prospective Case–Control Study

Cilt: 23 Sayı: 3 1 Ekim 2026
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Fetal Adrenal Microvascularization and Automated Three-Dimensional Adrenal Volume in Preterm Premature Rupture of Membranes: A Prospective Case–Control Study

Öz

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate fetal adrenal gland volume and adrenal microvascularization in pregnancies complicated by preterm prelabor rupture of membranes (PPROM) and to investigate their associations with neonatal outcomes. Study Design: This prospective case-control study included 101 singleton pregnancies between 28 and 37 weeks of gestation, comprising 47 pregnancies complicated by PPROM and 54 gestational age-matched healthy controls. Fetal adrenal gland volume was measured using automated three-dimensional XI-VOCAL volumetric analysis software, and adrenal gland volume corrected for estimated fetal weight was calculated. Adrenal microvascularization was assessed using two-dimensional MVFI software, and the microvascularization index (MVI) was determined. Fetal biometric measurements, Doppler ultrasonographic parameters, and neonatal outcomes were recorded for all participants. To evaluate the independent association between PPROM and adrenal gland volume, multivariable linear regression analyses were performed after adjustment for fetal growth parameters. Results: Fetal adrenal gland volume was significantly lower in the PPROM group than in the control group (p=0.002). However, estimated fetal weight-corrected adrenal gland volume and MVI values were comparable between the two groups (p=0.668 and p=0.139, respectively). Abdominal circumference and estimated fetal weight were significantly lower in the PPROM group (both p<0.01). Umbilical artery and middle cerebral artery peak systolic velocities were also lower in the PPROM group, whereas no significant differences were observed in the remaining Doppler parameters. After adjustment for gestational age and fetal growth parameters, PPROM was not independently associated with adrenal gland volume. Furthermore, no significant association was identified between adrenal gland volume and adverse neonatal outcomes. Conclusion: Pregnancies complicated by PPROM are characterized by reduced fetal adrenal gland volume despite preserved adrenal microvascularization. The absence of a significant difference in estimated fetal weight-corrected adrenal gland volume suggests that the reduction in absolute adrenal gland volume is primarily attributable to impaired fetal growth rather than to PPROM itself. Automated three-dimensional XI-VOCAL analysis may provide a reliable and standardized method for the assessment of fetal adrenal gland volume.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Destekleyen Kurum

No funding.

Proje Numarası

TABED 2-25-1646

Etik Beyan

This prospective study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Ankara City Hospital (Approval No: E2-25-1646). All procedures followed were in accordance with the ethical standards of the responsible committee on human experimentation and with the Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to enrollment.

Teşekkür

The authors would like to thank all participants who contributed to this study. The authors also acknowledge the staff of the Division of Perinatology at Ankara Bilkent City Hospital for their support during data collection and clinical follow-up.

Kaynakça

  1. Menon R, Richardson LS. Preterm prelabor rupture of the membranes: A disease of the fetal membranes. Semin Perinatol. 2017;41(7):409–19.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

İngilizce

Konular

Kadın Hastalıkları ve Doğum

Bölüm

Araştırma Makalesi

Yayımlanma Tarihi

1 Ekim 2026

Gönderilme Tarihi

10 Haziran 2026

Kabul Tarihi

31 Ağustos 2026

Yayımlandığı Sayı

Yıl 2026 Cilt: 23 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA
Reyhan Toptaş, G., Öcal, F. D., Bozkurt Ozdal, B., Zorlu, U., Bastemur, A. G., & Sahin, D. (2026). Fetal Adrenal Microvascularization and Automated Three-Dimensional Adrenal Volume in Preterm Premature Rupture of Membranes: A Prospective Case–Control Study. Jinekoloji-Obstetrik ve Neonatoloji Tıp Dergisi, 23(3), 273-280. https://doi.org/10.38136/jgon.1967822
AMA
1.Reyhan Toptaş G, Öcal FD, Bozkurt Ozdal B, Zorlu U, Bastemur AG, Sahin D. Fetal Adrenal Microvascularization and Automated Three-Dimensional Adrenal Volume in Preterm Premature Rupture of Membranes: A Prospective Case–Control Study. JGON. 2026;23(3):273-280. doi:10.38136/jgon.1967822
Chicago
Reyhan Toptaş, Gülnihal, Fatma Doğa Öcal, Burcu Bozkurt Ozdal, Uğurcan Zorlu, Ayse Gulcin Bastemur, ve Dilek Sahin. 2026. “Fetal Adrenal Microvascularization and Automated Three-Dimensional Adrenal Volume in Preterm Premature Rupture of Membranes: A Prospective Case–Control Study”. Jinekoloji-Obstetrik ve Neonatoloji Tıp Dergisi 23 (3): 273-80. https://doi.org/10.38136/jgon.1967822.
EndNote
Reyhan Toptaş G, Öcal FD, Bozkurt Ozdal B, Zorlu U, Bastemur AG, Sahin D (01 Ekim 2026) Fetal Adrenal Microvascularization and Automated Three-Dimensional Adrenal Volume in Preterm Premature Rupture of Membranes: A Prospective Case–Control Study. Jinekoloji-Obstetrik ve Neonatoloji Tıp Dergisi 23 3 273–280.
IEEE
[1]G. Reyhan Toptaş, F. D. Öcal, B. Bozkurt Ozdal, U. Zorlu, A. G. Bastemur, ve D. Sahin, “Fetal Adrenal Microvascularization and Automated Three-Dimensional Adrenal Volume in Preterm Premature Rupture of Membranes: A Prospective Case–Control Study”, JGON, c. 23, sy 3, ss. 273–280, Eki. 2026, doi: 10.38136/jgon.1967822.
ISNAD
Reyhan Toptaş, Gülnihal - Öcal, Fatma Doğa - Bozkurt Ozdal, Burcu - Zorlu, Uğurcan - Bastemur, Ayse Gulcin - Sahin, Dilek. “Fetal Adrenal Microvascularization and Automated Three-Dimensional Adrenal Volume in Preterm Premature Rupture of Membranes: A Prospective Case–Control Study”. Jinekoloji-Obstetrik ve Neonatoloji Tıp Dergisi 23/3 (01 Ekim 2026): 273-280. https://doi.org/10.38136/jgon.1967822.
JAMA
1.Reyhan Toptaş G, Öcal FD, Bozkurt Ozdal B, Zorlu U, Bastemur AG, Sahin D. Fetal Adrenal Microvascularization and Automated Three-Dimensional Adrenal Volume in Preterm Premature Rupture of Membranes: A Prospective Case–Control Study. JGON. 2026;23:273–280.
MLA
Reyhan Toptaş, Gülnihal, vd. “Fetal Adrenal Microvascularization and Automated Three-Dimensional Adrenal Volume in Preterm Premature Rupture of Membranes: A Prospective Case–Control Study”. Jinekoloji-Obstetrik ve Neonatoloji Tıp Dergisi, c. 23, sy 3, Ekim 2026, ss. 273-80, doi:10.38136/jgon.1967822.
Vancouver
1.Gülnihal Reyhan Toptaş, Fatma Doğa Öcal, Burcu Bozkurt Ozdal, Uğurcan Zorlu, Ayse Gulcin Bastemur, Dilek Sahin. Fetal Adrenal Microvascularization and Automated Three-Dimensional Adrenal Volume in Preterm Premature Rupture of Membranes: A Prospective Case–Control Study. JGON. 01 Ekim 2026;23(3):273-80. doi:10.38136/jgon.1967822