Müze Eğitiminde Yeni Teknolojilerin Kullanımı ve Kazanımlar

Öz

İnsanoğlu var olduğu günden beri sürekli olarak çevresi ile etkileşime girmiş ve meydana getirdiği bu değişimden etkilenmiştir. Yapmış olduğu devrimler ve üretmiş olduğu teknolojiler dünyayı şekillendirirken siyasetten ekonomiye, sosyal hayattan eğitime kadar tüm dinamikler üzerinde önemli etkilerde bulunmuştur. Öyle ki bugün içerisinde bulunulan teknolojik devrim insanların dünyayı algılayış biçimleri, birbirleriyle ve çevreleriyle kurdukları etkileşim, öğrenme şekilleri gibi pek çok faktörü dönüştürmektedir. Bu duruma 2020 yılında küresel ölçekte etkili olan Covid-19 pandemisi de eklendiğinde teknoloji kullanımı kaçınılmaz bir unsur haline gelmiş ve her alana yayılan bir dijitalleşme dalgası ortaya çıkmıştır. Yaşanan bu gelişmelerin yanı sıra 1960’lı yıllar ile birlikte yaygınlaşmaya başlayan çağdaş müzecilik anlayışı, sosyal bir kurum olan müzelerin teknoloji ile olan ilişkilerini tekrar gözden geçirmelerini gerekli kılmıştır. Yeni neslin ilgi ve ihtiyaçları da düşünüldüğünde kültürel mirası aktarma misyonu taşıyan müzeler ve teknoloji arasındaki etkileşimin önemi daha da artmıştır. Bu kapsamda müzeler artırılmış gerçeklik, sanal gerçeklik ve metaverse gibi yeni teknolojilerden giderek daha fazla yararlanmaya, daha erişilebilir mekanlar olmaya ve eğitim işlevini bu teknolojiler yardımıyla daha etkin ve etkili bir biçimde sunmaya başlamıştır. Bu nedenle müzeler zengin öğrenme mekanları olarak giderek daha fazla ön plana çıkmaya başlamıştır. Bu araştırma kapsamında müzelerin eğitim etkinliklerinde artırılmış gerçeklik, sanal gerçeklik ve metaverse teknolojilerinden ne şekilde yararlanıldığı, bu teknolojilerin sunmuş olduğu avantajlar üzerinden irdelenmiştir. Araştırmada bu teknolojileri eğitim amacıyla kullanan yurtiçi ve yurtdışı müzelerinden öne çıkan örneklere yer verilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• müze
• müze eğitimi
• artırılmış gerçeklik
• sanal gerçeklik
• metaverse

Use of New Technologies in Museum Education and Outcomes

Abstract

Human beings have continuously interacted with their environment since the day they came into existence and have been affected by this change. While the revolutions and technologies it has produced have shaped the world, it has had significant effects on all dynamics from politics to economy, from social life to education. In fact, the current technological revolution is transforming many factors such as the way people perceive the world, the way they interact with each other and their environment, and the way they learn. When the Covid-19 pandemic, which was effective on a global scale in 2020, is added to this situation, the use of technology has become an inevitable element and a wave of digitalization has emerged in every field. In addition to these developments, the understanding of contemporary museology, which became widespread in the 1960s, made it necessary for museums, which are social institutions, to reconsider their relations with technology. Considering the interests and needs of the new generation, the importance of the interaction between museums, which have the mission of transmitting cultural heritage, and technology has increased even more. In this context, museums have started to benefit more and more from new technologies such as augmented reality, virtual reality and metaverse, to become more accessible places and to offer their educational function more effectively and efficiently with the help of these technologies. For this reason, museums have become increasingly prominent as rich learning spaces. Within the scope of this research, how museums utilize augmented reality, virtual reality and metaverse technologies in their educational activities is examined through the advantages offered by these technologies. In the research, prominent examples from domestic and international museums that use these technologies for educational purposes are included.

Keywords

• museum
• museum education
• augmented reality
• virtual reality
• metaverse

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