AVRUPA BİRLİĞİ’NİN GÖÇÜ GÜVENLİKLEŞTİRME POLİTİKASINDA FRONTEX’İN ROLÜ

Yıl 2021, Sayı: 3, 5 - 26, 31.12.2021

Salih Turgay

Öz

AB’nin göç politikalarının güvenlikleştirilmesinde FRONTEX’in rolü ve FRONTEX’in operasyon ve faaliyetlerinin AB’nin ilke ve değerleri üzerindeki etkisi hakkında çalışmamız eleştirel bir analiz sunmaktadır. Schengen Antlaşması ile iç sınır kontrollerinin ortadan kaldırıldığı Schengen Alanı’nda dış sınır kontrolleri daha da önem kazanmış ve dış sınırların gözetim ve kontrolünün etkili olarak sağlanmasının yanı sıra ortak prosedürler belirlemek amacıyla FRONTEX kurulmuştur. Ancak FRONTEX’in yapısı, faaliyetleri ve koordine ettiği ortak operasyonların insan hakları ihlalleri, geri göndermeme yasağı gibi birçok AB ve uluslararası hukuk normuna aykırılık teşkil ettiği yönünde yoğun eleştiriler yaşanmaktadır. Çalışmada elde edilen bulgular AB’nin göç politikalarını FRONTEX’in de pratikleri ile güvenlikleştirmesinin AB’nin kuruluş değerleri, üyelik kriterleri ve uluslararası insan hakları hukukunu ihlal etme riski taşıyabileceğini ortaya koymaktadır. Bu tür ihlallerin devam etmesi durumunda gelecekte AB’nin güvenirliği ve uluslararası arenadaki imajına ciddi yansımaları olacağı düşünülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Avrupa Birliği, FRONTEX, Güvenlikleştirme, Göç, Mülteci

THE ROLE OF FRONTEX IN SECURITIZATION OF THE EUROPEAN UNION'S MIGRATION POLICY

Öz

Our study provides a critical analysis of the role of FRONTEX in securitizing the EU’s immigration policies and the impact of FRONTEX’s operations and activities on the EU’s principles and values. While coming into force of the Schengen Agreement, external border controls have gained more importance in the Schengen Area and FRONTEX has been established in order to determine common procedures as well as to ensure effective surveillance and control of external borders. However, there are intense criticisms that the structure, activities and joint operations coordinated by FRONTEX are in violation of many EU and international law norms such as human rights violations and the prohibition of non-refoulement. The findings of the study reveal that the EU’s securitization of migration policies with the practices of FRONTEX may carry the risk of violating the EU’s founding values, membership criteria and international human rights law. If such violations continue, it is thought that there will be serious reflections on the credibility of the EU and its image in the international arena in the future.

Anahtar Kelimeler

European Union, FRONTEX, Securitization, Migration, Refugee

Kaynakça

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