KOSOVA’DA ULUSLARARASI TOPLUMUN YENİDEN İNŞA ETME SORUMLULUĞU

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 2, 78 - 94, 30.12.2022

Mustafa Burak Şener , Ayşe Ecem Mete

Öz

1998-1999 Kosovo Savaşı, Yugoslavya Federal Cumhuriyeti’nin bağımsızlık mücadelesinde olan Kosova Kurtuluş Ordusu’na karşı yürüttüğü operasyonla başlamıştır. Bu savaş NATO’nun 24 Mart 1999’da müdahalesiyle son bulmuş olsa da uluslararası hukukta meşruluğu açısından bir çok tartışma yaratmıştır. İnsani müdahalenin meşruluğunu tartışan Koruma Sorumluluğu kavramı ise 2001 yılında ortaya çıkmıştır. Raporda NATO’nun Kosova’ya müdahalesinin bu kavramın ortaya çıkışında etkili olduğu belirtilmiştir. Buna ragmen, NATO’nun müdahalesinin rapora uygunluğu tartışılan bir kavramdır. Bununla birlikte, raporun müdahale sonrası müdahalecilere vermiş olduğu yeniden inşa etme sorumluluğu müdahale etmek kadar önem arz etmektedir. Bu sorumluluk müdahale edilen yerin yeniden inşa edilmesini ifade edilmektedir. Bu çalışma uluslararası toplumu oluşturan müdahalecilerin müdahalesiyle başlayan ve günümüzde hala devam eden yeniden inşa etme sorumluluğunu ne kadar yerine getirdiğini incelemiştir. Çalışma Koruma Sorumluluğu’nun yeniden inşa etme sorumluluğu öğesi altında belirttiği kriterler üzerinden analiz etmiştir. Metod olarak, yeniden inşa etme kriterlerine uygun olarak, UNMIK raporları incelenmiş ve geniş bir literatür taraması yapılmıştır. Sonuç olarak, uluslararası toplumun yeniden inşa etme sorumluluğunun devam ettiğini ve bugüne kadar bazı kriterlerde başarılı bazı kriterlerde ise başarısız oldukları bulgusuna ulaşılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Koruma Sorumluluğu, Yeniden İnşa Etme Sorumluluğu, Uluslararası Toplum, Kosova, Sırbistan

RESPONSIBILITY TO REBUILD OF INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY IN KOSOVO

Öz

The Kosovo War of 1998-1999 began with the operation of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia against the Kosovo Liberation Army, which was in the struggle for independence. Although this war ended with the intervention of NATO on March 24, 1999, it has created a lot of controversy regarding its legitimacy in international law. The concept of Responsibility to Protect, which discusses the legitimacy of humanitarian intervention, appeared in 2001. The report stated that NATO’s intervention in Kosovo was instrumental in the emergence of this concept. Despite this, the compliance of NATO’s intervention to the report is a concept under discussion. In addition to this, the responsibility to rebuild that the report has given to interventionists after the intervention is as important as intervening. This responsibility is expressed in the reconstruction of the intervened state. This study examined how much the interventionist states that form international society fulfilled the responsibility to rebuild, which began with their intervention and still continues today. The study analyzed the Responsibility to Protect based on the criteria specified under the element of responsibility to rebuild. As a method, in accordance with the criteria for rebuilding, UNMIK reports were examined, and an extensive literature review was conducted. As a result, it was concluded that the international community has a continuing responsibility to rebuild, and to date, they have succeeded in some criteria and failed in some criteria as analyzed in the article.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Responsibility to Protect, Responsibility to Rebuild, International Society, Kosovo, Serbia

Kaynakça

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