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Power Fact and Using Power in Organizations

Yıl 2016, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 1, 29 - 48, 01.12.2016

Öz

The aim of this study, to explain power fact in consideration of related concepts in organizations. Power fact was viewed with social-psychological varaibles in Industrial-Organazitional context and theorotical knowledge is explained in this area. Throughout human development period, human have different power sources and have been using these from powerlesness to power. Managers and personnel are influenced from social power that can be perceived in both formal communication and informal communication in the organization. The investigations have been made using power and related variables (leadership, interpersonal relationship, organizational commitment, job satisfaction etc.) in organizations. In this study, power fact was investigated relationship among power sources, authority, political behaviour, influence, impression, administration, motivation, volitional behaviour, leadership, power distance with selected work method in organizations. This selected work is considered contibute to related power literature. At the end, a general perspective was intended to describe power relationship in organizations.

Kaynakça

  • Adler, A. (2002). Bireysel Psikoloji. İstanbul: Hayat Yayınevi.
  • Altınkurt, Y., Yılmaz, K., Erol, E., Salalı, E.T. (2014) “Okul Müdürlerinin Kullandığı Güç Kaynakları İle Öğretmenlerin Örgütsel Sinizm Algıları Arasındaki İlişki” Journal of Teacher Education and Educators, 3 (1): 25-52.
  • Bağcı, Z. ve Bursalı, Y.M. (2011) “Yöneticilerin Güç Kaynaklarının Çalışanların Örgüte Bağlılıkları Üzerine Etkisi” Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 9: 9-21.
  • Bağcı, Z. (2015) “Yöneticilerin Kullandıkları Güç Kaynaklarının Çalışanların İş Tatminleri Üzerindeki Etkisi: Tekstil Sektöründe Bir Araştırma” Yönetim ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi, 13(3): 416-434.
  • Bacrach P. ve Baratz, M. (1962) “Two Faces of Power” The American Political Science Review, 56, 4, 947-952.
  • Bleiweiss, S.K., 2007. Self-disclosure, Evaluation and Perceptions of Power: a Supervisee Perceptive. Digital Dissertation. The Wright Institute: California, AAT 3268627.
  • Bozeman, B., Fay, D. ve Goughan, M. (2012) “Power to Do…What? Department Heads’ Decision Autonomy and Strategic Priorities” Research in Higher Education, 54: 303-328.
  • Carson, P.P, Carson, K.D. ve Roe, C.W. (1993) “Social Power Bases: A Meta-Analytic Examination of Interrelationships and Outcomes” Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 23: 1150-1169.
  • Chang, C., Rosen, C.C. ve Levy, P.E. (2009) “The Relationship Between Perceptions of Organizational Politics and Employee Attitudes, Strain and Behavior: A Meta Analytic Examination” Academy of Management Journal, 52(4): 779-801.
  • Dahl, R.A. (1961). Who Governs? Democracy and power in American city. New Haven: Yale University Press.
  • Dahl, R.A. (1969) “The Concept of Power”. R.Bell, D.V. Edwards and R.H. Wagner (eds.), Political Power: A Reader in Theory and Research (p.80). New York: The Free Press.
  • Doldor, E. (2007) Conceptualizing and Investigating Organizational Politics: A Systematic Review of the Literature. Published Dissertation School of Management Cranfield University.
  • Drory, A., ve Romm, T. (1990) “The Definition of Organizational Politics: A Review” Human Relations, 43(11): 1133-1154.
  • Eren, E. (2012). Örgütsel Davranış ve Yönetim Psikolojisi. İstanbul: Beta Basım Yayım Dağıtım.
  • Erkuş, A. (2011) “Çok Boyutlu Lider-İzleyici Etkileşiminde Kişilik Özelliklerinin ve Güç Kaynaklarının Rolü” Atatürk Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 25(1), 127-152.
  • Falbe, C.M. ve Yukl, G. (1992) “Consequences for Managers of Using Single Influence Tactics and Combinations of Tactics” The Academy of Management Journal, 35 (3): 638-652.
  • French, J. R. P., Raven, B. (1959). The bases of social power. D. Cartwright and A. Zander. Group dynamics. New York: Harper & Row.
  • Hartnett, R.T. (1971) “Trustee Power in America”. H.L. Hodgkinson ve L.R. Meeths (eds). Power and Authority (p.25-38). San Fransisco: Jossey- Bass.
  • Johnson, J.L., Koenig, H.F. ve Brown, J.R. (1985) "The Bases of Marketing Channel Power: An Exploration and Confirmation of Their Underlying Dimensions”, Robert F. Luschet (eds.) AMA Educators' Proceedings (p.160-165). Chicago: American Marketing Association.
  • Kakabadse, A., ve Parker, C. (1984) Power, Politics, and Organizations: A Behavioural Science View. Chichester: Wiley and Sons.
  • Kelman, H.C. (1961) “Processes of Opinion Change” Public Opinion Quarterly, 25: 57-78.
  • Kipnis, D., Schmidt, S.M. ve Wilkinson, I. (1980) “Intra-Organizational Influnce Tactics: Explorations in Getting One’s Way” Journal of Applied Psychology, 65: 440-452.
  • Koçel, T. (2007).İşletme Yöneticiliği. İstanbul: Arıkan Basım yayın Dağıtım Ltd. Şti.
  • Kurchner-Hawkins, R., ve Miller, Politics.Building Positive Political Strategies in Turbulent Times”, in Vigoda-Gadot, E. & Drory, A., (eds.), Handbook of Organizational Politics, (p.358-351), Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, UK.
  • Kuşdil, E. ve Kağıtçıbaşı, Ç. (2000) “Türk Öğretmenlerin Değer Yönelimleri ve Schwartz Değer Kuramı” Türk Psikoloji Dergisi, 15(45): 59-76.
  • Lasswell, H.D. ve Kaplan, A. (1950).Power and Society: A Framework for Political Inquiry. New Haven: Yale University Press.
  • Mannhieim, K. (1950). Freedom, Power and Democratic Planning. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • McCllelland, D.C. (1970) “The Two Faces of Power” Journal of International Affairs, 24: 29-47.
  • Mintzberg, H. (1983). Power and Around Organizations. NJ: Prentice Hall.
  • Parsons, T. (1963) “On the Concept of Influnce” Public Opinion Quarterly, 27: 37-62.
  • Perrow, C. (1970). Organizational Analysis: A Sociological View. New York: Wadsworth.
  • Pfeffer, J. (1982). Organizations and Organization Theory. Boston: Pitman.
  • Pfeffer, J. (1992). Managing with Power. Boston: Harward Business Scholl Press.
  • Raven, B. H. (1965) “Social Influence and Power”. I. D. Steiner & M. Fishbein (eds.), Current Studies in Social Psychology. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
  • Raven, B.H., Shwarzwald, J. ve Koslovsky, M. (2006) “Conceptualizing and Measuring a Power Interaction Model of Interpersonal Influence” Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 28(4): 307-332. Riggio, E.R. (2014). Endüstri Psikolojisine Giriş (Çev. Belkıs Özkara). Ankara: Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık.
  • Robbins, S.P. ve Judge, T.A. (2013).Organizational Behavior.(15. Edition). NJ: Prentice Hall Inc.
  • Schwartz, S. H. (1994). Are there universal asects in the content and structure of values? Journal of Social Issues, 50: 19-45.
  • Shetty, Y.K. (1978) “Managerial Power and Organizational Effectiveness: A Contingency Analysis” Journal of Management Studies, 15(2): 176- 186.
  • Sims, H.P. ve Lorenzi, P. (1992).The New Leadership Paradigm. London: Sage Publications.
  • Stander, M.W. ve Rothmann, S. (2010).Psychological empowerment, job security and employee engagement.SA Journal of Industrial Psychology, 36(1): 1-8.
  • Tannenbaum, A.S. (1968). Control in Organisations. New York: McGraw- Hill.
  • Tschirhart, M. ve Bielefeld, W. (2012).Managing Nonprofit Organizations. NJ: John Wiley and Sons.
  • Robbins, S.P. (1996). Organizational Behavior. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall Inc.
  • Vigoda, E. (2002) “Stress Related Aftermaths to Workplace Politics: The Relationships among Politics, Job Stress and Aggressive Behavior in Organizations” Journal of Organizational Behaviour, 23: 571-591.
  • Yukl, G., ve Falbe, C. M. (1991) “Importance of different power sources in downward and lateral relations” Journal of Applied Psychology, 76: 416-423.
  • Yukl, G., ve Tracy, J. B. (1992) “Consequences of Influence Bases Used with Subordinates, Peers, and the Boss” Journal of Applied Psychology, 77: 525- 535.

Örgütlerde Güç Olgusu ve Gücün Kullanımı

Yıl 2016, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 1, 29 - 48, 01.12.2016

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı, örgütlerdeki güç olgusunu ilgili kavramlar ışığında açıklamaktır. Güç olgusu sosyo-psikolojik değişkenlerle Endüstri/Örgüt Psikolojisi çerçevesinde ele alınmış ve alandaki kuramsal bilgiler sunulmuştur. Güçsüzlükten güçlülüğe doğru akan gelişim süreci boyunca, insan farklı türlerde güç sahibi olmakta ve bunlardan farklı biçimlerde yararlanmaktadır. Örgüt içinde gerek resmî gerekse gayriresmî iletişimle algılanabilen sosyal güçten, yöneticiler ve çalışanlar etkilenmektedir. Örgütlerde güç kullanımı ile ilişkili kavramlar ( liderlik, kişiler arası ilişkiler, örgütsel bağlılılık, iş tatmini vb.) araştırmalar yapılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada güç olgusu örgütlerde güç kaynakları, otorite, politik davranış, etkileme, baskı, iktidar, güdülenme, istemli davranış, liderlik, güç mesafesi bağlamlarında derleme yöntemiyle incelenmiştir.Bu derlemenin, güç olgusu hakkında alanyazına katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir. Sonuçta örgütlerdeki güç ilişkileri hakkında genel bir çerçeve sunulmaya çalışılmıştır.

Kaynakça

  • Adler, A. (2002). Bireysel Psikoloji. İstanbul: Hayat Yayınevi.
  • Altınkurt, Y., Yılmaz, K., Erol, E., Salalı, E.T. (2014) “Okul Müdürlerinin Kullandığı Güç Kaynakları İle Öğretmenlerin Örgütsel Sinizm Algıları Arasındaki İlişki” Journal of Teacher Education and Educators, 3 (1): 25-52.
  • Bağcı, Z. ve Bursalı, Y.M. (2011) “Yöneticilerin Güç Kaynaklarının Çalışanların Örgüte Bağlılıkları Üzerine Etkisi” Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 9: 9-21.
  • Bağcı, Z. (2015) “Yöneticilerin Kullandıkları Güç Kaynaklarının Çalışanların İş Tatminleri Üzerindeki Etkisi: Tekstil Sektöründe Bir Araştırma” Yönetim ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi, 13(3): 416-434.
  • Bacrach P. ve Baratz, M. (1962) “Two Faces of Power” The American Political Science Review, 56, 4, 947-952.
  • Bleiweiss, S.K., 2007. Self-disclosure, Evaluation and Perceptions of Power: a Supervisee Perceptive. Digital Dissertation. The Wright Institute: California, AAT 3268627.
  • Bozeman, B., Fay, D. ve Goughan, M. (2012) “Power to Do…What? Department Heads’ Decision Autonomy and Strategic Priorities” Research in Higher Education, 54: 303-328.
  • Carson, P.P, Carson, K.D. ve Roe, C.W. (1993) “Social Power Bases: A Meta-Analytic Examination of Interrelationships and Outcomes” Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 23: 1150-1169.
  • Chang, C., Rosen, C.C. ve Levy, P.E. (2009) “The Relationship Between Perceptions of Organizational Politics and Employee Attitudes, Strain and Behavior: A Meta Analytic Examination” Academy of Management Journal, 52(4): 779-801.
  • Dahl, R.A. (1961). Who Governs? Democracy and power in American city. New Haven: Yale University Press.
  • Dahl, R.A. (1969) “The Concept of Power”. R.Bell, D.V. Edwards and R.H. Wagner (eds.), Political Power: A Reader in Theory and Research (p.80). New York: The Free Press.
  • Doldor, E. (2007) Conceptualizing and Investigating Organizational Politics: A Systematic Review of the Literature. Published Dissertation School of Management Cranfield University.
  • Drory, A., ve Romm, T. (1990) “The Definition of Organizational Politics: A Review” Human Relations, 43(11): 1133-1154.
  • Eren, E. (2012). Örgütsel Davranış ve Yönetim Psikolojisi. İstanbul: Beta Basım Yayım Dağıtım.
  • Erkuş, A. (2011) “Çok Boyutlu Lider-İzleyici Etkileşiminde Kişilik Özelliklerinin ve Güç Kaynaklarının Rolü” Atatürk Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 25(1), 127-152.
  • Falbe, C.M. ve Yukl, G. (1992) “Consequences for Managers of Using Single Influence Tactics and Combinations of Tactics” The Academy of Management Journal, 35 (3): 638-652.
  • French, J. R. P., Raven, B. (1959). The bases of social power. D. Cartwright and A. Zander. Group dynamics. New York: Harper & Row.
  • Hartnett, R.T. (1971) “Trustee Power in America”. H.L. Hodgkinson ve L.R. Meeths (eds). Power and Authority (p.25-38). San Fransisco: Jossey- Bass.
  • Johnson, J.L., Koenig, H.F. ve Brown, J.R. (1985) "The Bases of Marketing Channel Power: An Exploration and Confirmation of Their Underlying Dimensions”, Robert F. Luschet (eds.) AMA Educators' Proceedings (p.160-165). Chicago: American Marketing Association.
  • Kakabadse, A., ve Parker, C. (1984) Power, Politics, and Organizations: A Behavioural Science View. Chichester: Wiley and Sons.
  • Kelman, H.C. (1961) “Processes of Opinion Change” Public Opinion Quarterly, 25: 57-78.
  • Kipnis, D., Schmidt, S.M. ve Wilkinson, I. (1980) “Intra-Organizational Influnce Tactics: Explorations in Getting One’s Way” Journal of Applied Psychology, 65: 440-452.
  • Koçel, T. (2007).İşletme Yöneticiliği. İstanbul: Arıkan Basım yayın Dağıtım Ltd. Şti.
  • Kurchner-Hawkins, R., ve Miller, Politics.Building Positive Political Strategies in Turbulent Times”, in Vigoda-Gadot, E. & Drory, A., (eds.), Handbook of Organizational Politics, (p.358-351), Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, UK.
  • Kuşdil, E. ve Kağıtçıbaşı, Ç. (2000) “Türk Öğretmenlerin Değer Yönelimleri ve Schwartz Değer Kuramı” Türk Psikoloji Dergisi, 15(45): 59-76.
  • Lasswell, H.D. ve Kaplan, A. (1950).Power and Society: A Framework for Political Inquiry. New Haven: Yale University Press.
  • Mannhieim, K. (1950). Freedom, Power and Democratic Planning. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • McCllelland, D.C. (1970) “The Two Faces of Power” Journal of International Affairs, 24: 29-47.
  • Mintzberg, H. (1983). Power and Around Organizations. NJ: Prentice Hall.
  • Parsons, T. (1963) “On the Concept of Influnce” Public Opinion Quarterly, 27: 37-62.
  • Perrow, C. (1970). Organizational Analysis: A Sociological View. New York: Wadsworth.
  • Pfeffer, J. (1982). Organizations and Organization Theory. Boston: Pitman.
  • Pfeffer, J. (1992). Managing with Power. Boston: Harward Business Scholl Press.
  • Raven, B. H. (1965) “Social Influence and Power”. I. D. Steiner & M. Fishbein (eds.), Current Studies in Social Psychology. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
  • Raven, B.H., Shwarzwald, J. ve Koslovsky, M. (2006) “Conceptualizing and Measuring a Power Interaction Model of Interpersonal Influence” Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 28(4): 307-332. Riggio, E.R. (2014). Endüstri Psikolojisine Giriş (Çev. Belkıs Özkara). Ankara: Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık.
  • Robbins, S.P. ve Judge, T.A. (2013).Organizational Behavior.(15. Edition). NJ: Prentice Hall Inc.
  • Schwartz, S. H. (1994). Are there universal asects in the content and structure of values? Journal of Social Issues, 50: 19-45.
  • Shetty, Y.K. (1978) “Managerial Power and Organizational Effectiveness: A Contingency Analysis” Journal of Management Studies, 15(2): 176- 186.
  • Sims, H.P. ve Lorenzi, P. (1992).The New Leadership Paradigm. London: Sage Publications.
  • Stander, M.W. ve Rothmann, S. (2010).Psychological empowerment, job security and employee engagement.SA Journal of Industrial Psychology, 36(1): 1-8.
  • Tannenbaum, A.S. (1968). Control in Organisations. New York: McGraw- Hill.
  • Tschirhart, M. ve Bielefeld, W. (2012).Managing Nonprofit Organizations. NJ: John Wiley and Sons.
  • Robbins, S.P. (1996). Organizational Behavior. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall Inc.
  • Vigoda, E. (2002) “Stress Related Aftermaths to Workplace Politics: The Relationships among Politics, Job Stress and Aggressive Behavior in Organizations” Journal of Organizational Behaviour, 23: 571-591.
  • Yukl, G., ve Falbe, C. M. (1991) “Importance of different power sources in downward and lateral relations” Journal of Applied Psychology, 76: 416-423.
  • Yukl, G., ve Tracy, J. B. (1992) “Consequences of Influence Bases Used with Subordinates, Peers, and the Boss” Journal of Applied Psychology, 77: 525- 535.
Toplam 46 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Diğer ID JA34VZ28YE
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Ayşem Çalışkur Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Aralık 2016
Gönderilme Tarihi 1 Aralık 2016
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2016 Cilt: 7 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Çalışkur, A. (2016). Örgütlerde Güç Olgusu ve Gücün Kullanımı. Çankırı Karatekin Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 7(1), 29-48.