Effects of Pre-Harvest Application with Natural and Synthetic Sprout Inhibitors on Yield and Storage Quality of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)

Öz

This study was carried out in 2018-2019 to determine the effects of pre-harvest applications of natural and synthetic sprout inhibitors on tuber yield and dormancy period of seed tubers (cv. Alegria and Desiree) at storage period. Different doses of dill (Anethum graveolens L.), caraway (Carum carvi L.), clove (Syzygium aromaticum L.), and spearmint (Mentha spicata L.) essential oils and chlorpropham (CIPC) and maleic hydrazide (MH) were applied to the plant leaves at 30 days before harvest. Harvested seed tubers were stored for 5 months under controlled conditions and dormancy period, sprout length, weight loss and tuber firmness examined at 30-day intervals. All applications significantly affected the vegetation period and tuber yield in potatoes, and the response of the cultivars to the applications was different. Vegetation period of varieties ranged between 108-157 days and tuber yields ranged between 1980-4249 kg da-1 depending on the applications. Dormancy period was significantly affected from the applications and the longest dormancy periods in both cultivars were determined in MH and 1000 ppm clove and 2500 ppm dill essential oil. Tuber weight losses varied between 5.32-6.53%, and were lower in all applications than the control, except for CIPC and 2500 ppm clove applications. Generally, sprout length was shorter in applications which extended the dormancy period, while tuber firmness were higher. It was concluded that pre-harvest applications of dill and clove essential oils, which prolong dormancy and reduce weight loss, can be used to reduce storage losses of seed potato tubers and delay physiological aging, however, these applications should be tried again at different periods and doses.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Potato
• dormancy period
• sprouting
• inhibitor
• pre-harvest application

Hasat Öncesi Uygulanan Doğal ve Sentetik Sürgün Gelişimi Engelleyicilerinin Patates (Solanum tuberosum L.)’in Verim ve Depo Kalitesine Etkileri

Öz

Bu çalışma, hasat öncesi uygulanan doğal ve sentetik sürgün gelişimi engelleyicilerinin Alegria ve Desiree patates çeşitlerinde yumru verimi ile tohumluk yumruların depoda dormansi süresi üzerine etkilerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla, 2018-2019 yıllarında yürütülmüştür. Çalışmada farklı dozlarda dereotu (Anethum graveolens L.), kimyon (Carum carvi L.), karanfil (Syzygium aromaticum L.) ve nane (Mentha spicata L.) uçucu yağları ile chlorpropham (CIPC) ve maleik hidrazit (MH) hasattan 30 gün önce bitki yapraklarına uygulanmıştır. Hasat edilen tohumluk yumrular kontrollü şartlarda 5 ay süre ile depolanmış ve 30 gün aralıklarla yumrularda; dormansi süresi, sürgün uzunluğu, ağırlık kaybı ve yumru sertlik derecesi parametreleri incelenmiştir. Doğal ve sentetik sürgün gelişimi engelleyicileri; patateste vejetasyon süresi ve toplam yumru verimini önemli derecede etkilemiş ve çeşitlerin uygulamalara tepkisi farklı olmuştur. Çalışmada uygulamalara bağlı olarak patates çeşitlerinin vejetasyon süreleri 108-157 gün, toplam yumru verimleri ise 1980-4249 kg da-1 arasında değişmiştir. Uygulamalar yumruların dormansi süresini önemli derecede etkilemiş, her iki çeşitte de en uzun dormansi süreleri MH ile 1000 ppm karanfil ve 2500 ppm dereotu uçucu yağı uygulamalarında belirlenmiştir. Depolama devresi sonunda uygulamalara bağlı olarak yumru ağırlık kayıpları %5.32-6.53 arasında değişmiş, CIPC ve karanfil 2500 ppm uygulamaları hariç diğer tüm uygulamalarda ağırlık kayıpları kontrole göre daha düşük olmuştur. Genellikle dormansi süresini uzatan uygulamalarda sürgün uzunluğu daha kısa olurken, yumru sertlik dereceleri daha yüksek bulunmuştur. Çalışmada, dormansi süresini uzatan ve ağırlık kayıplarını azaltıcı etki gösteren dereotu ve karanfil uçucu yağlarının hasat öncesi uygulamalarının tohumluk patates yumrularının depo kayıplarının azaltılması ve fizyolojik yaşlanmanın geciktirilmesinde kullanılabileceği, bununla birlikte bu uygulamaların farklı dönem ve dozlarda tekrar denenmeleri gerektiği sonucuna varılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Patates
• dormansi süresi
• sürgün gelişimi
• inhibitör
• hasat öncesi uygulama

Kaynakça

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