Soğan Islahında Generasyon İlerlemesi ve Tohum Üretim Sürecini Hızlandırma Teknikleri

Öz

Soğan (Allium cepa var. cepa L.) insanlar tarafından kültürü yapılan ilk tarım bitkilerindendir. Ülkemiz, soğanın birincil gen merkezlerinden birisidir. Binlerce yıldır Anadolu’da soğan tarımı yapılmaktadır. Soğan, iki yıllık bir sebze olup ilk yıl tohumdan soğan oluşumu gerçekleşir ertesi yıl ise soğandan tekrar tohum oluşumu sağlanarak yaşam döngüsü tamamlanmaktadır. Soğanın anavatanı olan ve aynı zamanda önemli bir üretici olan ülkemizde çeşit ıslah çalışmaları yeterli düzeyde değildir. Bunun en önemli nedeni, tek yıllık sebzelere göre soğanda ıslah sürecinin, neredeyse iki kat daha fazla sürmesidir. Islah kuruluşlarının; uzun süren, yüksek maliyetli ve yoğun işgücü gerektiren soğan ıslah programları oluşturmaları hiçte kolay olmamaktadır. Bu nedenle soğan ıslah programlarında tohum üretim süresinin kısaltılması büyük önem taşımaktadır. Son yıllarda soğan ıslah programlarında farklı agronomik uygulamalar ve vernalizasyon şartları kullanılarak aynı yıl içerisinde tohum üretimleri gerçekleştirilebilmektedir. Bu sürecin hızlandırılması amacıyla H2O2 gibi bazı kimyasal uygulamalar yapılmaya başlamıştır. Ayrıca son yıllarda soğanda double haploid ıslah hatlarının elde edilmesine yönelik olarak olumlu sonuçlar alınmaya başlanmıştır. Bu derleme çalışmasında, soğan ıslah programlarında sürecin hızlanmasına yönelik olarak uygulanan bu tekniklerin etkileri ve etki mekanizmaları sunulmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Dihaploidizasyon
• H2O2
• ıslah
• soğan
• tek yıllık
• vernalizasyon

Accelerating Generation Advance and Shortening Seed Production Duration Techniques in Onion Breeding

Öz

Onion (Allium cepa var. cepa L.) is one of the first agricultural plants cultivated by humans. Turkey is one of the primary gene centers of onion. Onion has been cultivated in Anatolia for thousands of years. Onion, which is a biannual vegetable, completes its life cycle by forming an onion from the seed in the first year and a seed from the onion in the second year. Although Turkey, which is the gene centre of onions, is also an important producer, variety breeding studies are not sufficient. The most important reason for this is that the breeding process for onions takes almost twice as long as for annual vegetables. It is not easy for breeding companies to create onion breeding programs that take many years, require high cost and labour intensive. Therefore, shortening the seed production period is of great importance in onion breeding programs. In recent years, seed can be produced in the same year by using different agronomic practices and vernalisation conditions in onion breeding programs. Some chemical applications such as H2O2 have been started to accelerate this process. In addition, in recent years, good results have begun to be obtained for the production of double haploid breeding lines in onions. In this review, the effects of these techniques applied and their mechanisms to accelerate the process in onion breeding programs are presented.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Dihaploidization
• H2O2
• breeding
• onion
• annualization
• vernalization

Kaynakça

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