A Review on the Effects of Using Dimethyl Ether on Particulate Matter Emissions in Diesel Engines

Öz

This review study was created from the various studies which were completed on the use of dimethyl ether (DME) in diesel engines as a fuel or fuel additive. The several methods are available for the decreasing of the harmful emissions in diesel engines. The first method for the reduction of harmful emissions is improved the combustion by modification of engine design and fuel injection system, but this process is expensive and time consuming. The second method is the using various exhaust gas devices like catalytic converter and diesel particulate filter. However, the use of such devices affects negatively diesel engine performance. The last method to reduce emissions and also improve diesel engine performance is the use of various alternative fuels or fuel additives. The major pollutants of diesel engines are oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and particulate matter (PM). It is very difficult to reduce NOx and PM simultaneously in practice. The most researches declare that the best way to reduce these emissions is the use of various alternative fuels i.e. natural gas, biogas, biodiesel or using some additives with the alternative fuels or conventional diesel fuel. Therefore, it is very important that the results of various studies on alternative fuels or fuel additives are evaluated together to practice applications. Especially, this study focuses on the usage of dimethyl ether in diesel engines as fuel or fuel additive. This review study investigates the effects of using dimethyl ether on particulate matter (PM) emissions. As a result of this review study; it was determined that when DME is used in pure form, it provides nearly zero PM emission due to its features such as high oxygen content, the absence of directly bonded carbon in its chemical structure, rapid evaporation, high cetane number and low ignition temperature. It was determined that pure DME was found to reduce the PM emissions by 13–228% compared to diesel fuel and 88.6–227.6% compared to biodiesel fuel. It was also determined that diesel–DME blends containing different ratios of DME reduced the PM emissions by 4.7–509% compared to diesel fuel, and biodiesel–DME blends containing different ratios of DME reduced the PM emissions by 38.2% compared to biodiesel fuel. On the other hand, it was determined that the LPG–DME blend decreased the PM emissions by 269–493% compared to diesel fuel, and the DME–NH3 blends containing different amounts of DME increased the PM emissions by 40.7–96.7% compared to pure DME. Moreover, it was determined that changing the exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) ratio between 10–50% increased PM emissions by 13.1–48.4%.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Diesel engine
• Dimethyl ether
• Engine performance
• Fuel additive
• PM emissions

Dizel Motorlarda Dimetil Eter Kullanımının Partikül Madde Emisyonlarına Etkileri Üzerine Bir Derleme

Öz

Bu çalışma, dizel motorlarda dimetil eter (DME)’in saf veya yakıt katkısı olarak kullanımı üzerine yapılmış çeşitli çalışmaların sonuçlarından yararlanılarak derlenmiştir. Dizel motorlarda zararlı egzoz emisyonlarını azaltmanın birkaç yöntemi vardır. Bunlardan ilki motor tasarımında ve yakıt enjeksiyon sisteminde modifikasyonlar yaparak yanmanın iyileştirilmesidir, ancak bu pahalı ve zaman alıcı bir yöntemdir. İkinci yöntem ise katalitik konvertör ve partikül fitresi gibi donanımlar kullanmaktır, ancak bu donanımlar motor performansını olumsuz yönde etkiler. Hem egzoz emisyonlarını azaltmak hem de motor performansını artırmak için uygulanan son yöntem çeşitli alternatif yakıtların veya yakıt katkılarının kullanılmasıdır. Dizel motorlardaki en önemli emisyonlar azot oksitler (NOx) ve partikül madde (PM) emisyonlarıdır. Çoğu araştırmacı emisyonları azaltmanın en iyi yolunun doğalgaz, biyogaz, biyodizel gibi alternatif yakıtların veya konvansiyonel veya alternatif yakıtlarla birlikte çeşitli yakıt katkılarının kullanılması olduğunu bildirmektedir. Bu nedenle, alternatif yakıtlar ve yakıt katkıları üzerine yapılan çalışmaların sonuçlarının birlikte değerlendirilmesi pratik uygulamalar için oldukça önemlidir. Bu çalışma, dimetil eterin dizel motorlarda yakıt veya yakıt katkısı olarak kullanılmasının PM emisyonları üzerindeki etkilerinin incelenmesine odaklanmıştır. Yapılan derleme çalışması sonucunda; DME saf olarak kullanıldığında yüksek oksijen içeriği, kimyasal yapısında direkt bağlı karbon bulunmaması, hızlı buharlaşma, yüksek setan sayısı ve düşük tutuşma sıcaklığı gibi özellikleri sayesinde sıfıra yakın PM emisyonu elde edilmesini sağladığı belirlenmiştir. Saf DME’nin dizel yakıtına kıyasla PM emisyonunu %13–228 ve biyodizel yakıtına kıyasla %88.6–227.6 azalttığı tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca, farklı oranlarda DME içeren dizel–DME karışımlarının dizel yakıtına kıyasla PM emisyonunu %4.7–509 azalttığı ve farklı oranlarda DME içeren biyodizel–DME karışımlarının PM emisyonunu biyodizel yakıtına kıyasla %38.2 azalttığı tespit edilmiştir. Diğer taraftan, LPG–DME karışımının dizel yakıtına kıyasla PM emisyonunu %269–493 azalttığı ve farklı oranlarda DME içeren DME–NH3 karışımlarının saf DME’ye kıyasla PM emisyonunu %40.7–96.7 artırdığı tespit edilmiştir. Öte yandan, egzoz gazı resirkülasyonu (EGR) oranının %10–50 aralığında değiştirilmesinin PM emisyonunu %13.1–48.4 artırdığı tespit edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Dizel motor
• Dimetil eter
• Motor performansı
• Yakıt katkıları
• PM emisyonları

Kaynakça

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