Evaluation of Antimicrobial and Antifungal Efficacy of Essential Oils of Achillea millefolium (Yarrow) Plant

Öz

Medicinal aromatic plants have been used for thousands of years as the main source of medicines and the basis of systematic traditional medicines. Achillea sp., which is in the Asteraceae family, is one of the most widely used medicinal and aromatic plants for the treatment of various diseases. The most well-known plant of the Achillea species is A. millefolium. A. millefolium is used to treat a variety of skin conditions and digestive disorders. In addition to its medicinal uses, it is also used in the field of cosmetics and veterinary medicine. Monoterpene 1,8-cineol is a well-known terpenoid oxide and is also a component of other essential oils with a relevant relevance for clinical effects. Many biological activities are known, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, free radical scavenger, mucolytic/secretolytic, bronchodilator, antiviral and antimicrobial effects. This study was carried out to evaluate the essential oil composition of the Achillea millefolium (yarrow) plant grown in Sivas. In the study, the essential oil content of the plant was determined and it was determined that the 1,8-cineol (19.33%) compound was higher than the other essential oils found in the Achillea millefolium plant. In the studies, Gas Chromatography (GC-MS) was used for plant essential oil analysis. In the plant, 15 essential oil components were determined and presented in detail in our article. In addition, the antimicrobial and antifungal properties of the essential oil of the plant were determined. Inhibition diameters of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Salmonella typhimurium species were found to be 0.891, 0.763, and 0.529 mm, respectively. Similarly, the inhibition rate of essential oil against Aspergillus flavus, Fusarium solani, and Penicillium digitatum was found to be 34.91%, 21.47%, and 23.08%, respectively.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Achillea millefolium
• essential oils
• 1.8-cineole
• eucalyptol

Achillea millefolium (Civanperçemi) Bitkisinin Uçucu Yağlarının Antimikrobiyal ve Antifungal Etkinliğinin Değerlendirilmesi

Öz

Tıbbi aromatik bitkiler binlerce yıldır ilaçların ana kaynağı ve sistematik geleneksel ilaçların temeli olarak kullanılmaktadır. Tıbbi aromatik bitkiler arasında çeşitli hastalıkların tedavisinde en yaygın kullanılan bitkilerden birisi Asteraceae familyasında bulunan Achillea sp. türleridir. Achillea türlerinin en bilinen bitkisi A. millefolium’dur. A. millefolium çeşitli cilt rahatsızlıklarını ve sindirim bozukluklarını tedavi etmek için kullanılır. Tıbbi kullanımlarına ilaveten kozmetik ve veterinerlik alanında da kullanılmaktadır. Monoterpen 1,8-sineol iyi bilinen bir terpenoit oksittir ve ayrıca klinik etki için ilgili bir anlamı olan diğer uçucu yağların bileşenidir. Anti-inflamatuar, antioksidan, serbest radikal süpürücü, mukolitik/sekretolitik, bronkodilatör, antiviral ve antimikrobiyal etkileri de dâhil olmak üzere birçok biyolojik aktivitesi bilinmektedir. Bu çalışma, Sivas’ta yetişen Achillea millefolium (civanperçemi) bitkisinin uçucu yağ bileşimi miktarını değerlendirmek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Çalışmada bitkinin uçucu yağ içeriği tespit edilmiş ve 1,8-sineol (%19.33) bileşiğinin Achillea millefolium bitkisinde bulunan diğer uçucu yağlardan yüksek olduğu belirlenmiştir. Çalışmalarda, bitki uçucu yağı analizi için Gaz Kromatografisi (GC-MS) kullanılmıştır. Bitkide, baskın olarak 15 adet uçucu yağ bileşeni belirlenmiştir ve yazımızda detaylı olarak sunulmuştur. Ayrıca, bitki uçucu yağının antimikrobiyal ve antifungal özelliği belirlenmiştir. Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhimurium türlerinin inhibisyon çapları sırası ile 0.891, 0.763 ve 0.529 mm olarak bulunmuştur. Benzer şekilde, Aspergillus flavus, Fusarium solani ve Penicillium digitatum karşı uçucu yağın engelleme oranı sırasıyla %34.91, %21.47 ve %23.08 olarak bulunmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Achillea millefolium
• eucalyptol
• essential oils
• 1,8-sineol

Kaynakça

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