Effects of Different Concentrations Saline Water Applications on the Development of Underground and Aboveground Organs of Sudangrass (Sorghum sudanense Stapf)

Öz

This research was carried out to determine the effects of irrigation with salt water on the development of aboveground and belowground organs of sudangrass grown in pots. The trial was established in the greenhouses of Iğdır University Agricultural Application and Research Center in 2022 according to the completely randomized design. Sudangrass plant was irrigated with 7 (seven) different concentrations of saline (control, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15 and 18 EC). In the research, root length, plant height, root dry matter, aboveground plant dry matter, root length/plant height ratio, root dry matter/plant dry matter ratio and salt tolerance percentages of the plants were determined. Salt-water application had significant effects on the development of underground and aboveground organs of Sudangrass. Root length, plant height, root dry matter, plant dry matter, root length/plant height ratio, root dry matter/plant dry matter ratio and salt tolerance percentages of Sudangrass varied between 13.4-20.7 cm, 20.5-115.8 cm, 2.7-6.8 g plant-1, 11.4-99.0 g plant-1, 18.2-65.2%, 5.6-12.0% and 32.1-100%, respectively. According to the research results, as the salt concentration in irrigation water increased, there were significant decreases in plant height, root length, root dry weight, plant dry weight and salt tolerance percentages of Sudangrass, while the ratio of root length to plant height and the ratio of root dry weight to plant dry weight increased.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Sudangrass
• root
• stem
• salinity
• salt tolerance percentage

Farklı Konsantrasyonlardaki Tuzlu Su Uygulamalarının Sudanotu (Sorghum sudanense Stapf)’nun Toprak Altı ve Toprak Üstü Organlarının Gelişimine Etkisi

Öz

Bu araştırma, saksılarda yetiştirilen Sudanotu’nun toprak altı ve toprak üstü organlarının gelişimi üzerine tuzlu su uygulamalarının etkisini belirlemek amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Deneme Iğdır Üniversitesi Tarımsal Uygulama ve Araştırma Merkez Müdürlüğüne ait seralarında 2022 yılında tesadüf parselleri deneme desenine göre kurulmuştur. Sudanotu bitkisi 7 (yedi) farklı konsantrasyona sahip tuzlu su (kontrol (0), 3, 6, 9, 12, 15 ve 18 EC) ile sulanmıştır. Araştırmada bitkilerin kök uzunluğu, bitki boyu, kök kuru ağırlığı, bitki kuru ağırlığı, kök uzunluğu/bitki boyu oranı, kök kuru ağırlığı/bitki kuru ağırlığı oranı ve tuza tolerans yüzdeleri belirlenmiştir. Tuzlu su uygulaması Sudanotu’nun toprak altı ve toprak üstü organlarının gelişimi üzerine önemli etkileri olmuştur. Sudanotu’nun kök uzunluğu, bitki boyu, kök kuru ağırlığı, bitki kuru ağırlığı, kök uzunluğu/bitki boyu oranı, kök kuru ağırlığı/bitki kuru ağırlığı oranı ve tuza tolerans yüzdeleri sırasıyla 13.4-20.7 cm, 20.5-115.8 cm 2.7-6.8 g bitki-1, 11.4-99.0 g bitki-1, %18.2-65.2, %5.6-12.0 ve %32.1-100 arasında değişmiştir. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre, sulama suyundaki tuz konsantrasyonu arttıkça Sudanotu’nun bitki boyu, kök uzunluğu, kök kuru ağırlığı, bitki kuru ağırlığı ve tuz tolerans yüzdelerinde önemli düşüşler olurken, kök uzunluğunun bitki boyuna oranı ve kök kuru ağırlığının bitki kuru ağırlığına oranı ise artmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Sudanotu
• kök
• gövde
• tuzluluk
• tuza tolerans yüzdesi

Kaynakça

1. Aishah, H. S., Saberi, A. R., Halim, R. A. & Zaharah, A. R. (2010). Salinity Effects on Germination of Forage Sorghumes. Journal of Agronomy, 9(4), 169-174.
2. Almodares, A., Hadi, M. R. & Dosti, B. (2007). Effects of salt stress on germination percentage and seedling growth in sweet sorghum cultivars. Journal of Biological Sciences, 7(8), 1492-1495.
3. Asfaw, K. G. & Woldemariam, M. G. (2008). Response of some lowland growing sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) accessions to salt stress during germination and seedling growth. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 3(1), 44-48.
4. Ashraf, M. Y., Akhtar, K., Sarwar, G. & Ashraf, M. (2005). Role of rooting system in salt-tolerance potential of different guar accessions. Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 25, 243-249.
5. Atış, İ. (2011). Bazı silajlık sorgum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) çeşitlerinin çimlenmesi ve fide gelişimi üzerine tuz stresinin etkileri. Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 6(2), 58-67.
6. De Oliveira, V. P., Marques, E. C., de Lacerda, C. F., Prisco, J. T. & Gomes Filho, E. (2013). Physiological and biochemical characteristics of Sorghum bicolor and Sorghum sudanense subjected to salt stress in two stages of development. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 8(8), 660-670.
7. FAO, (1990). Micronutrient assessment at the country level: An international study, FAO Soil Bulletin, No: 63, Rome
8. Feijão, A. R., Silva, J. C. B., Marques, E. C., Prisco, J. T. & Gomes-Filho, E. (2011). Efeito da nutrição de nitrato na tolerância de plantas de sorgo sudão à salinidade. Revista Ciência Agronômica, 42, 675-683.

9. Geressu, K. & Gezaghegne, M. (2008). Response of Some Lowland Growing Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) Accessions to Salt Stress During Germination and Seedling Growth. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 3(1), 44-48.
10. Ghoulam, C. & Fares, K. (2001). Effect of Salinity on Seed Germination and Early Seedling Growth of Sugar Beet (Beta vulgaris L.). Seed Science and Technology, 29, 357-364.
11. Goertz, S. H. & Coons, J. M. (1991). Tolerance of tepary and navy beans to NaCl during germination and emergence. Hortscience, 26, 246-249.
12. Hasegawa, P. M., Bressan, R. A., Zhu, J. K. & Bohnert, H. J. (2000). Plant cellular and molecular responses to high salinity. Annual Review of Plant Biology, 51, 463-499.
13. Hosseini, M. K., Powell, A. A. & Bingham, I. J. (2002). Comparison of the seed germination and early seedling growth of soybean in saline conditions. Seed Science Research, 12, 165-172.
14. Hussain, A., Mohammad, D., Bhatti, M. & Zahid, M. (1991) Response of sudangrass to various levels of nitrogen in combination with phosphorus under rainfed conditions. Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Research, 12, 158–164.
15. Keskin, B., Temel, S., Yılmaz, İ. H. & Şimşek, U. (2017). Accumulation of Macronutrients in Forage Grasses Under Saline and Alkaline Conditions Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences, 27(3): 961-970, 2017
16. Keskin, B., Temel, S., & Akbay Tohumcu, S. (2023). Determination of forage yield performance of different Chenopodium quinoa cultivars in saline conditions. Zemdirbyste-Agriculture, 110(2), 149-156. https://doi.org/10.13080/z-a.2023.110.018
17. Lacerda, C. F. D., Cambraia, J., Cano, M. A. O. & Ruiz, H. A. (2001). Plant growth and solute accumulation and distribution in two sorghum genotypes, under NaCl stress. Revista Brasileira de Fisiologia Vegetal, 13, 270-284.
18. Levitt, J. (1980). Responses of Plants to Environmental Stresses. Academic Press, New York.
19. Leopold, A. & Willing, R. P. (1984). Evidence of Toxicity Effects of Salt on Membranes. In: Staples R. C, and Toenniessen G. H (Eds), Salinity Tolerance in Plants. John Wiley and Sons, New York, pp. 67-76.
20. Mahmood, T., Iqbal, N., Raza, H., Qasim, M. & Ashraf, M. Y. (2010). Growth modulation and ion partitioning in salt stressed sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) by exogenous supply of salicylic acid. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 42(5), 3047-3054.
21. Mansour, M. M. F. (1994). Changes in Growth, Osmotic Potential and Cell Permeability of Wheat Cultivars Under Salt Stress. Biologica Plantarum, 36, 429-434.
22. Marques, E. C., Freitas, V. S., Bezerra, M. A., Prisco, J. T. & Gomes-Filho, E. (2011). Efeitos do estresse salino na germinação, emergência e estabelecimento da plântula de cajueiro anão precoce. Revista Ciência Agronômica, 42, 993-999.
23. Marsalis, M. A., Angadi, S. V. & Contreras-Govea, F. E. (2010) Dry matter yield and nutritive value of corn, forage sorghum, and BMR forage sorghum at different plant populations and nitrogen rates. Field Crops Research, 116, 52–57.
24. McCree, J. K. (1986). Whole-plant carbon balance during osmotic adjustment to drought and salinity stress. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology, 13, 33–43.
25. Merrill, S. D., Tanaka, D. L., Krupinsky, J. M., Liebig, M. A. & Hanson, J. D. (2007). Soil water depletion and recharge under ten crop species and application to the principles of dynamic cropping systems. Agronomy Journal, 99, 931–938.
26. Munns, R. (2002). Comparative physiology of salt and water stress. Plant, Cell and Environment, 25, 239-250.
27. Munns, R. & Tester, M. (2008). Mechanisms of salinity tolerance. Annual Review of Plant Biology, 59, 651-681.
28. Nawaz, K., Talat, A., Iqra, Hussain, K. & Majeed, A. (2010). Induction of Salt Tolerance in Two Cultivars of Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) by Exogenous Application of Proline at Seedling Stage. World Applied Sciences Journal, 10(1), 93-99.
29. Netondo, G. W., Onyango, J. C. & Beck, E. (2004). Sorghum and salinity: II. Gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence of sorghum under salt stress. Crop science, 44(3), 797-805.
30. Parida, A. K. & Das, A. B. (2005). Salt tolerance and salinity effects on plants: a review. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 60, 324-349.
31. Richards, L. A. (1954). Origin and natüre of saline and alkali soil, In: Diagnosis and improvement of saline and alkali soil. Agricultural Handbook No: 60, USDA, Washington, D.C., USA, 1-6.
32. Sakamoto, A., Murata, A. & Murata, N. (1998). Metabolic engineering of rice leading to biosynthesis of glycine betaine and tolerance to salt and cold. Plant Molecular Biology, 38, 1011-1019.
33. Schwachtje, J., Vorwieger, A., Jain, A., Singh, A., Punia, M. S., Behl, R. K. & Bergmann. H. (2002). Effect of sodium chloride on seed germination and other growth factors in soybean (Glycine Max. L.). National Journal of Plant Improvement, 4(2), 9-12.
34. Shannon, M. C. & Grieve, C. M. (1999). Tolerance of vegetable crops to salinity. Scientia Horticulturae, 78, 5-38.
35. Soysal, A. Ö. Ş., Demirkol, G., Aşçı, Ö. Ö., Arıcı, Y. K., Acar, Z. ve Yılmaz, N. (2018). Tuz stresinin sorgum× sudanotu melezinde çimlenme ve fide gelişim özelliklerine etkisi. Uluslararası Tarım ve Yaban Hayatı Bilimleri Dergisi, 4(2), 247-252.
36. Sowiński, J. & Szydełko, E. (2011) Growth rate and yields of a sorghumsudangrass hybrid variety grown on a light and a mediumheavy soil as affected by cutting management and seeding rate. Polish Journal of Agronomy, 4, 23–28.
37. Temel, S., Keskin, B., Şimşek, U., & Yılmaz, İ. H. (2016). The Effect of Saline and Non-saline Soil Conditions on Yield and Nutritional Characteristics of Some Perennial Legumes Forages. Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 22(4): 528-538. https://doi.org/10.1501/Tarimbil_0000001411
38. Ülgen, N. ve Yurtsever, N. (1974). Türkiye Gübre ve Gübreleme Rehberi. Toprak ve Gübre Araştırma Enstitüsü Teknik Yayını, No:28, Ankara.
39. Yeo, A. R. & Flowers, T .J. (1983). Varietal Difference in the Toxicity of Sodium İons in Rice Leaves. Physiologia Plantarum, 159, 189-195.