Dynamic and Mechanical Properties of Nanoparticle Doped Aramid/Glass Fiber Reinforced Interply Hybrid Composites

Öz

In this study, the mechanical and dynamic properties of glass/aramid interply hybrid composites reinforced with four different nanoparticles were investigated. Firstly, matrix modification was performed and composite plates were manufactured by hand lay-up technique. Silicon dioxide (SiO2), graphene (GNP), silver (Ag) and cerium oxide (CeO2) nanoparticles were added to the epoxy matrix as reinforcement. With the addition of nanoparticles, the highest tensile (16%) and flexural (67.3%) strengths were observed in Ag reinforced composites. Tensile (16.8%) and flexural (14.4%) strengths decreased with the addition of graphene nanoparticles. Tensile and flexural tests revealed delamination, matrix and fibre rupture in all plate types. As a result of modal analysis, the highest natural frequency values and the lowest damping ratios were determined in the FFBC boundary condition. The addition of nanoparticles improved the mechanical properties of the composites in general

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Nanoparticles
• Nanocomposite
• Mechanical tests
• Modal analysis

Kaynakça

1. Aalaie, J., Mirali, M., Motamedi, P., & Khanli, H. H. (2011). On the Effect of Nanosilver Reinforcement on the Mechanical, Physical, and Antimicrobial Properties of Polyethylene Blown Films. Journal of Macromolecular Science. Physics, 50(10), 1873–1881. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222348.2011.553174
2. Acar, V., Cakir, F., Uysal, H., Seydibeyoglu, M. O., Akbulut, H., & Mosalam, K. M. (2017). Strengthening of concrete beams by monolayer prepreg composites with and without graphene reinforcement. Construction & Building Materials, 151, 866–880. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.06.150
3. Acar, V., Erden, S., Sarikanat, M., Seki, Y., Akbulut, H., & Seydibeyoglu, M. (2020). Graphene oxide modified carbon fiber prepregs: A mechanical comparison of the effects of oxidation methods. Express Polymer Letters, 14(12), 1106–1115. https://doi.org/10.3144/expresspolymlett.2020.90
4. Ashraf, P. M., & Shibli, S. (2009). Development of cerium oxide and nickel oxide-incorporated aluminium matrix for marine applications. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 484(1–2), 477–482. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2009.04.134
5. ASTM D3528−96, “Standard Test Method for Strength Properties of Double Lap Shear Adhesive Joints by Tension Loading”, ASTM International.
6. ASTM D790-17, Standard Test Methods for Flexural Properties of Unreinforced and Reinforced Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materials, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, USA, 2017.
7. ASTM E756–05 standard test method for measuring vibration-damping properties of materials. West Conshohocken, PA: American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) Standard, 2017.
8. Ates, B., Koytepe, S., Ulu, A., Gurses, C., & Thakur, V. K. (2020). Chemistry, Structures, and Advanced Applications of Nanocomposites from Biorenewable Resources. Chemical Reviews, 120(17), 9304–9362. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00553 Atif, R., Shyha, I., & Inam, F. (2016). Mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties of graphene-epoxy nanocomposites-A review. Polymers, 8(8), 281. doı: 10.3390/polym8080281

9. Aydın, O. A., Acar, V., Aydın, M. R., Hülagü, B., Khan, T., Ünal, H. Y., Teke, E., Seydibeyoğlu, M. Ö., & Akbulut, H. (2023). Recycled Ti6Al4V alloy powder reinforced polyurethane core based sandwich structures: Mechanical and modal properties. Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites. https://doi.org/10.1177/07316844231201008
10. Bailey, Z. S., Nilson, E., Bates, J. A., Oyalowo, A., Hockey, K. S., Sajja, V. S. S. S., Thorpe, C., Rogers, H., Dunn, B., Frey, A. S., Billings, M. J., Sholar, C. A., Hermundstad, A., Kumar, C., VandeVord, P. J., & Rzigalinski, B. A. (2020). Cerium oxide nanoparticles improve outcome afterIn VitroandIn VivoMild traumatic brain injury. Journal of Neurotrauma, 37(12), 1452–1462. https://doi.org/10.1089/neu.2016.4644
11. Colorado, H. A., Gutierrez-Velasquez, E. I., Gil, L. D., & De Camargo, I. L. (2023). Exploring the advantages and applications of nanocomposites produced via vat photopolymerization in additive manufacturing: A review. Advanced Composites and Hybrid Materials/Advanced Composites and Hybrid Materials, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42114-023-00808-z
12. Dao, N. N., Luu, M. D., Nguyen, Q. K., & Kim, B. S. (2011). UV absorption by cerium oxide nanoparticles/epoxy composite thin films. Advances in Natural Sciences Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, 2(4), 045013. https://doi.org/10.1088/2043-6262/2/4/045013
13. Di Credico, B., Manzini, E., Viganò, L., Canevali, C., D’Arienzo, M., Mostoni, S., Nisticò, R., & Scotti, R. (2023). Silica nanoparticles self-assembly process in polymer composites: Towards advanced materials. Ceramics International, 49(16), 26165–26181. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2023.05.125
14. El-Eskandarany, M. S., Al-Hazza, A., Al-Hajji, L. A., Ali, N., Al-Duweesh, A. A., Banyan, M., & Al-Ajmi, F. (2021). Mechanical Milling: a superior nanotechnological tool for fabrication of nanocrystalline and nanocomposite materials. Nanomaterials, 11(10), 2484. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11102484
15. Feng, C., Kitipornchai, S., & Yang, J. (2017). Nonlinear free vibration of functionally graded polymer composite beams reinforced with graphene nanoplatelets (GPLs). Engineering Structures/Engineering Structures (Online), 140, 110–119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2017.02.052
16. Gassour, H., El-Magd, G. E. a. A., Mazen, A., & Ibrahim, A. M. M. (2023). Characterization of aluminum composite reinforced by silver nanoparticles. Scientific Reports, 13(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-45059-6
17. Han, D., Yan, L., Chen, W., & Li, W. (2011). Preparation of chitosan/graphene oxide composite film with enhanced mechanical strength in the wet state. Carbohydrate Polymers, 83(2), 653–658. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2010.08.038
18. Hao, T., Wang, Y., Liu, Z., Li, J., Shan, L., Wang, W., Liu, J., & Tang, J. (2021). Emerging applications of silica nanoparticles as multifunctional modifiers for high performance polyester composites. Nanomaterials, 11(11), 2810. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11112810 Hosseini, S., Ranjbar, K., Dehmolaei, R., & Amirani, A. (2015). Fabrication of Al5083 surface composites reinforced by CNTs and cerium oxide nano particles via friction stir processing. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 622, 725–733. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2014.10.158
19. Hu, K., Kulkarni, D. D., Choi, I., & Tsukruk, V. V. (2014). Graphene-polymer nanocomposites for structural and functional applications. Progress in Polymer Science, 39(11), 1934-1972. doı: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2014.03.001
20. Kang, Q., Li, A., Zhang, X., Xu, Z., Wang, J., & He, Q. (2021b). Study on mechanical and tribological properties of cerium oxide/fluorine rubber composites. Materials Today Communications, 28, 102596. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtcomm.2021.102596
21. Kantarci, F., Türkmen, İ., ve Ekinci, E. (2021). Improving elevated temperature performance of geopolymer concrete utilizing nano-silica, micro-silica and styrene-butadiene latex. Construction and Building Materials, 286, 122980.
22. Karnati, S. R., Agbo, P., & Zhang, L. (2020). Applications of silica nanoparticles in glass/carbon fiber-reinforced epoxy nanocomposite. Composites Communications, 17, 32–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coco.2019.11.003
23. Kiran, M., Govindaraju, H., & Jayaraju, T. (2018). Evaluation of Mechanical Properties of Glass Fiber Reinforced Epoxy Polymer Composites with Alumina, Titanium dioxide and Silicon Carbide Fillers. Materials Today: Proceedings, 5(10), 22355–22361. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2018.06.602
24. Koppanati, M. S., Naga Rani, M., & Krishna Bhaskar, K. (2023). Free Vibration Analysis of Graphene Reinforced Laminated Composite Plates using Experimental Modal Testing. Mechanics of Advanced Composite Structures, 10(2), 363-374. doi: 10.22075/macs.2023.28869.1448
25. Koppanati, M. S., Rani, M.N., Bhaskar, K.K., Free Vibration Analysis of Graphene Reinforced Laminated Composite Plates using Experimental Modal Testing, Mechanics of Advanced Composite Structures, 10.22075/macs.2023.28869.1448
26. Li, Y., & Chan, Y. (2015b). Effect of silver (Ag) nanoparticle size on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Sn58Bi–Ag composite solders. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 645, 566–576. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2015.05.023
27. Li, Z., Guo, Q., Li, Z., Fan, G., Xiong, D., Su, Y., Zhang, J., & Zhang, D. (2015a). Enhanced Mechanical Properties of Graphene (Reduced Graphene Oxide)/Aluminum Composites with a Bioinspired Nanolaminated Structure. Nano Letters, 15(12), 8077–8083. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b03492 Liao, X., Manapaya, A., George, M., & Selvaraj, R. (2023). Characterization of material, mechanical, static bending and vibration properties of glass fiber composite panels reinforced with graphene nanofillers. Journal of Manufacturing Processes, 99, 392–404. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmapro.2023.05.028
28. Magne, T. M., De Oliveira Vieira, T., Alencar, L. M. R., Maia, F. F., Junior, Gemini-Piperni, S., Carneiro, S. V., Fechine, L. M. U. D., Freire, R. M., Golokhvast, K., Metrangolo, P., Fechine, P. B. A., & Santos-Oliveira, R. (2021). Graphene and its derivatives: understanding the main chemical and medicinal chemistry roles for biomedical applications. Journal of Nanostructure in Chemistry, 12(5), 693–727. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40097-021-00444-3
29. Oner, G. A., Nadaroglu, H., Acar, V., & Gok, S. (2023). Flexural and thermal characterization of epoxy composites reinforced with nanoparticles synthesized from waste walnut husk with green synthesis method. Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-023-04364-w
30. Panda, P. K., Dash, P., Yang, J., & Chang, Y. (2022). Development of chitosan, graphene oxide, and cerium oxide composite blended films: structural, physical, and functional properties. Cellulose, 29(4), 2399–2411. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-021-04348-x Papageorgiou, D. G., Kinloch, I. A., & Young, R. J. (2017). Mechanical properties of graphene and graphene-based nanocomposites. Progress in Materials Science, 90, 75-127. doı: 10.1016/j.pmatsci.2017.07.004
31. Pirayesh, H., Saadatnia, M.A. (2016). Effects of accelerating agent and SiO2 nano-powder on the mechanical and physical characteristics of nut shell–cement based composites. Materials and Structures, 49, 3435–3443. https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-015-0730-3
32. Qin, W., Vautard, F., Askeland, P., Yu, J., & Drzal, L. T. (2015). Incorporation of silicon dioxide nanoparticles at the carbon fiber‐epoxy matrix interphase and its effect on composite mechanical properties. Polymer Composites, 38(7), 1474–1482. https://doi.org/10.1002/pc.23715
33. Selvan, S. S., & Vedaraj, I. R. (2023). Effects of nanoparticles on the mechanical and thermal behavior of fiber reinforced polymer composites – A review. Materials Today: Proceedings. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2023.07.008
34. Shen, H., Xiang, Y., & Lin, F. (2017). Nonlinear bending of functionally graded graphene-reinforced composite laminated plates resting on elastic foundations in thermal environments. Composite Structures, 170, 80–90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2017.03.001
35. Sprenger, S. (2013). Epoxy resin composites with surface‐modified silicon dioxide nanoparticles: A review. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 130(3), 1421–1428. https://doi.org/10.1002/app.39208
36. Su, C., Chen, H., Ju, S., Chen, H., Shih, C., Pan, C., & You, T. (2020). The Mechanical Behaviors of Polyethylene/Silver Nanoparticle Composites: an Insight from Molecular Dynamics study. Scientific Reports, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-64566-4
37. Tabar, M. M., Tabarsa, T., Mashkour, M., & Khazaeian, A. (2015). Using silicon dioxide (SiO2) nano-powder as reinforcement for walnut shell flour/HDPE composite materials. Journal of the Indian Academy of Wood Science, 12(1), 15–21. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13196-015-0139-1
38. Tahriri, M., Del Monico, M., Moghanian, A., Yaraki, M. T., Torres, R., Yadegari, A., & Tayebi, L. (2019). Graphene and its derivatives: Opportunities and challenges in dentistry. Materials Science & Engineering. C, Biomimetic Materials, Sensors and Systems, 102, 171–185. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2019.04.051
39. Tang, L., Wan, Y., Yan, D., Pei, Y., Zhao, L., Li, Y., Wu, L., Jiang, J., & Lai, G. (2013). The effect of graphene dispersion on the mechanical properties of graphene/epoxy composites. Carbon, 60, 16–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2013.03.050
40. Vidakis, N., Petousis, M., Velidakis, E., Tzounis, L., Mountakis, N., Korlos, A., Fischer-Griffiths, P. E., & Grammatikos, S. (2021). On the Mechanical Response of Silicon Dioxide Nanofiller Concentration on Fused Filament Fabrication 3D Printed Isotactic Polypropylene Nanocomposites. Polymers, 13(12), 2029. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13122029
41. Wang, Y., Xie, K., Fu, T., & Shi, C. (2019). Bending and elastic vibration of a novel functionally graded polymer nanocomposite beam reinforced by graphene nanoplatelets. Nanomaterials, 9(12), 1690. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano9121690
42. Yang, J., Wu, H., & Kitipornchai, S. (2017). Buckling and postbuckling of functionally graded multilayer graphene platelet-reinforced composite beams. Composite Structures, 161, 111–118. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2016.11.048