Demonstrating Distribution in Turkey Arctosa maculata (Hahn, 1822) (Araneae: Lycosidae) Type of Investigation of Karyological Features

Öz

In this study, karyotype analysis of Arctosa maculata (Hahn, 1822) species in Lycosidae family was performed for the first time in our country. Standard giemsa staining method was applied to obtain chromosomes. This method includes four main steps: obtaining gonads, hypotonic application, fixation and staining. In the study, the number of diploid chromosomes belonging to the species was determined as 2n♂ = 28. The sex chromosome system is X1X20; all chromosomes are of telosentric type. It has been noted that the relative lengths of the autosomal chromosomes gradually decrease. It was determined that sex chromosomes have positive heteropicnotic features in meiosis I phases and isopicnotic features in meiosis II phases.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Lycosidae
• Karyotype
• Sex chromosome

Türkiye’de Yayılış Gösteren Arctosa maculata (Hahn, 1822) (Araneae: Lycosidae) Türünün Karyolojik Özelliklerinin Araştırılması

Öz

Bu çalışmada Lycosidae familyası içerisinde yer alan Arctosa maculata (Hahn, 1822) türünün karyotip analizi ülkemizde ilk kez yapılmıştır. Kromozomların elde edilmesinde standart giemsa boyama yöntemi uygulanmıştır. Bu yöntem, gonadların elde edilmesi, hipotonik uygulama, fiksasyon ve boyama olmak üzere dört ana basamak içermektedir. Çalışmada türe ait diploid kromozom sayısı 2n♂=28 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Eşey kromozomu sistemi X1X20 olup; tüm kromozomlar telosentrik tiptedir. Otozomal kromozomların relatif uzunluklarının kademeli olarak bir azalış gösterdiği kaydedilmiştir. Eşey kromozomlarının mayoz I evrelerinde pozitif heteropiknotik özellikte, mayoz II evrelerinde ise izopiknotik özellikte oldukları belirlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Lycosidae
• Karyotip
• Eşey kromozomu

Kaynakça

1. Araujo D, 2007. Citogenética de 13 Espécies de Aranhas Haploginas Pertencentes às Famílias Pholcidae, Sicariidae e Scytodidae (Araneomorphae): Evolução Cromossômica, Sistema Cromossômico de Determinação Sexual e Citotaxonomia. Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Sao Paulo, Doctoral Thesis (Printed).
2. Araujo D, Schneider MC, Paulo-Neto E, Cella DM, 2020. The spider cytogenetic database. http://www.arthropodacytogenetics.bio.br/spiderdatabase/ (Date of access: 10 April 2020).
3. Bedo DG, 1984. Karyotypic and chromosome banding studies of the potato tuber moth, Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller) (Lepidoptera, Gelechiidae). Canadian Journal of Genetics and Cytology, 26(2): 141-145.
4. Brum-Zorrilla, N., & Cazenave, A. (1974). Heterochromatin localization in the chromosomes of Lycosa malitiosa (Arachnida). Experientia, 30(1): 94-95.
5. Dolejs, P., Korinkova, T., Musilova, J., Opatova, V., Kubcova, L., Buchar, J., & Kral, J. (2011). Karyotypes of central European spiders of the genera Arctosa, Tricca, and Xerolycosa (Araneae: Lycosidae). European Journal of Entomology, 108(1): 1-16.
6. Foelix RF, 1983. Biology of Spiders. Oxford University Press, pp: 287-326, New York.
7. Korinkova T, Kral J, 2013. Karyotypes, sex chromosomes, and meiotic division in spiders. W. Nentwig (Ed.), Spider Ecophysiology. Springer-Verlag, pp: 159-171, Berlin.
8. Kral J, Musilova J, Stahlavsky F, Rezac M, Akan, Z, Edwards RL, Almerje CR, 2006. Evolution of the karyotype and sex chromosome systems in basal clades of araneomorph spiders (Araneae: Araneomorphae). Chromosome Research, 14(8): 859-880.

9. Kumbıçak, Z. (2014). Cytogenetic characterization of ten araneomorph spiders (Araneae): Karyotypes and meiotic features. Biologia, 69(5): 644-650.
10. Kumbıçak Z, Kumbıçak Ü, Ergene S, 2011. Pisuara consocia (O.P.-Cambridge, 1872) ve Dolomedes plantarius (Clerk, 1757) (Araneae: Pisauridae) Türlerine ait Karyolojik Analiz. Türk Bilim Araştıma Vakfı, 4(3): 206-213.
11. Lamoral, B. (1968). On the ecology and habitat adaptations of two intertidal spiders, Desis formidabilis (O.P. Cambridge) and Amaurobioides africanus Hewitt, at "The Island" (Kommetjie, Cape Peninsula), with notes on the occurrence of two other spiders. Annals of the Natal Museum, 20(1): 151-193.
12. Levan, A., Karl, F., & Sandberg, A. A. (1964). Nomenclature of centromeric position on chromosomes. Hereditas, 52(2): 201-220.
13. Mathew M, Sudhikumar A, Josepj J, 2009. Natural History and Bioecology. PA Sebastian and KV Peter (Ed.), Spiders of İndia. Universities Press (İndia) Private Limited, pp: 40-63, Hyderabad.
14. Silva, R., Klisiowicz, D., Cella, D., Mangili, O. & Sbalqueiro, I. (2002). Differential distribution of constitutive heterochromatin in two species of brown spider:Loxosceles intermedia and L. Laeta (Araneae, Sicariidae), from the metropolitan region of Curitiba, PR (Brazil). Acta Biologica Paranaense, 31(1-4): 123-136.
15. Sırlıbaş FA, 2017. Lycosa piochardi Simon,1876 (Aranea: Lycosidade)’nin Sitogenetik Özelliklerinin Araştırılması. Nevşehir Hacı Bektaş Veli Üniversitesi,Yüksek Lisans Tezi (Basılmış).
16. Srivastava, M., & Shukla, S. (1986). Chromosome number and sex-determining mechanism in fortyseven species of Indian spiders. Chromosome Inform. Serv.(41): 23-26.
17. Suzuki, S. (1954). Cytological studies in spiders. III. Studies on the chromosomes of fifty-seven species of spiders belonging to seventeen families, with general considerations on chromosomal evolution. Journal of science of the Hiroshima University, Series B. Division 1, 15(2): 23-136.
18. World Spider Catalog, Version 21.0, 2020. https://wsc.nmbe.ch/ (Date of access: 15 April 2020).