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Jujuba (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) Fruit: Medical Importance from Past to Present

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 3, 1271 - 1281, 01.09.2019
https://doi.org/10.21597/jist.524818

Öz

Jujube is a plant in the form of tree or shrub that is resistant to extreme conditions. It is distributed especially in China, India, Southern Europe, Anatolia and the Middle East. Fruits, leaves, seeds and fruit peels parts of the plant are used as a potential drug source for the treatment of various diseases. Phenolic compounds, alkaloids, vitamins, minerals, fatty acids, carbohydrates and proteins in these parts of the plant have been proven by various studies to prevent diseases. It has been reported that triterpenic acids, such as ursolic acid, oleanoic acid and betulinic acid, have stopped apoptosis in cancer. It has been proven by various studies that leaves of the jujuba plant are used in the treatment diabetes, obesity, allergy; barks and fruits in the treatment of infection due to the antimicrobial effect; seeds, fruit peels and leaves as antianxiety agent. Its triterpenic acids such as zyutricanalic acid, oleanolic acid, ursolic acid have anti-inflammatory, polysaccharides as an immune system enhancer effects. In Turkey, the lack of adequate study related to the jujuba plant causes the medical importance of the plant is unknown. Phytochemical, medical, clinical pharmacology and toxicology studies need to be increased. This review is thought to have the potential to be the main literature for future studies.

Kaynakça

  • Afrisham R, Aberomand M, Ghaffari M, Siahpoos, A, Jamalan M, 2015. Inhibitory Effect of Heracleum persicum and Ziziphus jujuba on Activity of Alpha-Amylase. Journal of Botany, 1–8. doi.org/10.1155/2015/824683
  • Anşin R, Özkan ZC, 1997. Tohumlu Bitkiler: (Spermatophyta) Odunsu Taksonlar. Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi Basımevis.512, Trabzon.
  • Cheng D, Zhu C, Cao J, Jiang W, 2012. The Protective Effects of Polyphenols from Jujube Peel (Ziziphusjujube Mill) on Isoproterenol-Induced Myocardial Ischemia and Aluminum-Induced OxidativeDamagein Rats.Food and Chemical Toxicology, 50 (5): 1302–1308.doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2012.01.026
  • Chi A, Kang C, Zhang Y, Tang L, Guo H, Li H, Zhang K, 2015. Immunomodulating and Antioxidant Effects of Polysaccharide Conjugates from The Fruits of Ziziphus jujube on Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Rats. Carbohydrate Polymers, 122: 189–196. doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.12.082
  • Chintharlapalli S, Papineni S, Ramaiah SK, Safe S, 2007. Betulinic Acid Inhibits Prostate Cancer Growth Through İnhibition of Specificity Protein Transcription Factors. American Association for Cancer Research, 67 (6): 2816–23.
  • Choi SH, Ahn JB, Kozukue N, Levin CE, Friedman M, 2011. Distribution of Free Amino Acids, Flavonoids, Total Phenolics, and Antioxidative Activities of Jujube (Ziziphus jujuba) Fruits and Seeds Harvested from Plants Grown in Korea. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 59: 6594–6604.
  • Choi SH, Ahn JB, Kim HJ, Im NK, Kozukue N, Levin CE, Friedman M, 2012. Changes in Free Amino Acid, Protein, and Flavonoid Content in Jujube (Ziziphus jujube) Fruit During Eight Stages of Growth and Antioxidative and Cancer Cell Inhibitory Effects By Extracts. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 60 (41): 10245–10255. doi.org/10.1021/jf302848u
  • Davis PH, 1967. Flora of Turkey and The East Aegean Islands. Edinburg University Press No: 6, pp. 111-133, U.K.
  • De Angel, RE, Smith SM, Glickman RD, Perkins SN, 2010. Antitumor Effects of Ursolic Acid in A Mouse Model of Postmenopausal Breast Cancer. Nutrition and Cancer, 62 (8): 1074–1086.
  • Ecevit MF, Hallaç F, Dilmaç Ünal T, 2002. Denizli İli Çivril İlçesi Gümüşsu Yöresinde Yetişmekte Olan Hünnap (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.)’ın Seleksiyon Yoluyla Islahı Üzerinde Araştırmalar. TÜBİTAK TOGTAG-TARP-1988, s.42, Ankara.
  • Fabiyi JP, Kela SI, Tal KM, Istifanus WA, 1993. Traditional Therapy of Dracunculiasis in The State of Bauchi-Nigeria, Biological sciences programme, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, Nigeria, Dakar Medical, 38 (2): 193-5.
  • Ganachari MS, Kumar S, Bhat KG, 2004. Effect of Ziziphus jujubaLeaves Extract on Phagocytosis By Human Neutrophils.Journal of Natural Remedies, 4(1): 47–51.
  • Ganachari MS, Kumar S, Alagawadi KR, 2007. Anti- Obese Activity of Ziziphus jujuba Lam. Leaves Extract in Dietary Obese Rats. Journal of Natural Remedies, 7: 102–108.
  • Gong C, Yanjing B, Yuying Z, 2000. Flavonoids from Ziziphus jujuba Mill var. spinasa. Tetrahedron, 56: 8915-8920.
  • Goyal R, Sharma PL, Singh M, 2011. Possible Attenuation of Nitric Oxide Expression in Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Ziziphus jujuba in Rat. Journal of Natural Medicines, 65 (3–4): 514–518. doi.org/10.1007/s11418-011-0531-0
  • Guo S, Duan JA, Tang YP, Yang NY, Qıan DW, Su SL, Shang EX, 2010. Characterization of Triterpenic Acids in Fruits of Ziziphus species by HPLC-ELSD-MS. Journal of Agricultural and. Food Chemistry, 58: 6285–6289.
  • Gülay S, 2013. Zizyphus jujuba ’nın Farklı Ekstrelerinin Pankreatik Beta Hücrelerinde İnsülin Salımı İle İlişkisinin İncelenmesi. Erciyes Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Eczacılık Farmakoloji Anabilim Dalı, Kayseri, Yüksek Lisans Tezi.
  • Hamedi S, Arian AA, Farzaei MH, 2015. Gastroprotective Effect of Aqueous Stem Bark Extract of Ziziphus jujuba L. Against HCl/Ethanol-Induced Gastric Mucosal Injury in Rats. Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 35 (6): 666–670. doi.org/10.1016/S0254-6272(15)30157-6
  • Heo HJ, Park Y, Suh YM, Choi SJ, 2003. Effects of Oleamide on Choline Acetyltransferase and Cognitive Activities. Bioscience Biotechnology and Biochemistry, 67: 1284–1291.
  • Hernández F, Noguera AL, Burló F, Wojdyło A, Carbonell BAA, Legua P, 2016. Physico-Chemical, Nutritional, and Volatile Composition and Sensory Profile of Spanish Jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) Fruits. Journal of The Scienceof Food and Agriculture, 96: 2682–2691.
  • Karıncalı M, 2003. Ziziphus jujuba Mill. (Hünnap) Bitkisinin Morfolojik, Anatomik, Ekolojik ve Polen Özelliklerinin Araştırılması, Pamukkale Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Yüksek Lisans Tezi.
  • Kassi E, Sourlingas TG, Spiliotaki M, Papoutsi Z, 2009. Ursolic acid Triggers Apoptosis and Bcl-2 Downregulation in MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells. Cancer Investigation, 27: 723–733.
  • Kavas İ, Dalkılıç Z. 2015. Bazı hünnap genotiplerinin morfolojik, fenolojik ve pomolojik özelliklerinin belirlenmesi ve melezleme olanaklarının araştırılması. ADÜ Ziraat Fak. Dergisi 12(1):57-72.
  • Kim DK, Baek JH, Kang CM, Yoo MA, 2000. Apoptotic Activity of Ursolic Acid May Correlate With The Inhibition of Initiation of DNA Replication. International Journal of Cancer, 87: 629–636.
  • Kumar S, Ganachari MS, Banappa A, Nagoor, VS, 2004. Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Ziziphus jujuba Lam Leaves Extract in Rats. Journal of Natural Remedies, 4 (2): 183–185. doi.org/10.18311/jnr/2004/185
  • Kummar S, Copur MS, Rose M, Wadler S, Stephenson J, O’Rourke M, Chu E, 2011. A Phase Studyof The Chinese Herbal Medicine phy906 As A Modulator of Irinotecan-Based Chemotherapy in Patients With Advanced Colorectal Cancer.Clinical Colorectal Cancer, 10(2): 85–96. doi.org/10.1016/j.clcc.2011.03.003
  • Kundi AHK, Wazir FK, Abdul G, Wazir ZDK, 1989. Physicochemical Characteristics and Organoleptic Evaluation of Different Ber (Zizyphus jujuba Mill.) Cultivars. Sarhad Journal of Agriculture, 5(2): 149-155.
  • Lee S, Min B, Lee C, Kim K, Kho Y, 2003. Cytotoxic Triterpenoids from The Fruits of Zizyphus jujuba. Planta Medica, 69: 1051-1054.
  • Levrero M, 2006. Viral Hepatitis and Liver Cancer: The case of hepatitis C. Oncogene, 25: 3834–47.
  • Li J, Fan L, Ding S, Ding X, 2007. Nutritional Composition of Five Cultivars of Chinese Jujube. Food Chemistry, 103: 454–460.
  • Li J, Guo WJ, Yang QY, 2002. Effects of Ursolic Acid and Oleanolic Acid on Human Colon Carcinoma Cell Line HCT15. World Journal of Gastroenterology, 8: 493–495.
  • Liu J, Chen B, Yao S, 2007. Simultaneous Analysis and Identification of Main Bioactive Constituents in Extract of Zizyphus jujuba var. sapinosa (Zizyphi spinosi semen) By High-Performance Liquid Chromatography–Photodiode Array Detection-Electrospray Mass Spectrometry. Talanta, 71: 668–675.
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Hünnap (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) Meyvesi: Geçmişten Günümüze Tıbbi Önemi

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 3, 1271 - 1281, 01.09.2019
https://doi.org/10.21597/jist.524818

Öz

Hünnap başta Çin olmak üzere, Hindistan, Güney Avrupa, Anadolu, Ortadoğu’da yayılış gösteren, ekstrem koşullara dayanıklı ağaç ya da çalı formunda bir bitkidir. Bitkinin meyve, yaprak, tohum, kabuk gibi kısımları çeşitli hastalıkların tedavisi için potansiyel ilaç kaynağı olarak kullanılmaktadır. Bitkinin bu kısımlarında fenolik bileşikler, alkaloitler, vitaminler, mineraller, yağ asitleri, karbonhidratlar ve proteinlerin varlığı sayesinde hastalıkları önlediği çeşitli çalışmalar ile kanıtlanmıştır. İçeriğindeki ursolik asit, oleanoik asit, betulinik asit gibi triterpenik asitlerin kanserde apoptozu durdurduğu bildirilmiştir. Hünnap bitkisinin yaprakları diyabet, obezite, alerji tedavisinde, ağaç kabukları ve meyvesi antimikrobiyal etkisi nedeniyle enfeksiyon tedavisinde, çekirdek, kabuk ve yaprakları sakinleştirici olarak, betulinik asit, zizyberanalik asit, oleanolik asit, ursolik asit gibi triterpenik asitler iltihap giderici olarak, polisakkaritler bağışıklık sistemi güçlendirici olarak kullanımının olabileceği çalışmalar sonucunda kanıtlanmıştır. Ülkemizde hünnap bitkisiyle ilgili yeterli çalışma yapılmaması bitkinin tıbbi öneminin bilinmemesine neden olmaktadır. Fitokimyasal, medikal ve klinik farmakoloji ve toksikoloji çalışmalarının arttırılması gerekmektedir. Bu derlemenin ileride yapılacak çalışmalar için ana literatür olma potansiyeline sahip olduğu düşünülmektedir.

Kaynakça

  • Afrisham R, Aberomand M, Ghaffari M, Siahpoos, A, Jamalan M, 2015. Inhibitory Effect of Heracleum persicum and Ziziphus jujuba on Activity of Alpha-Amylase. Journal of Botany, 1–8. doi.org/10.1155/2015/824683
  • Anşin R, Özkan ZC, 1997. Tohumlu Bitkiler: (Spermatophyta) Odunsu Taksonlar. Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi Basımevis.512, Trabzon.
  • Cheng D, Zhu C, Cao J, Jiang W, 2012. The Protective Effects of Polyphenols from Jujube Peel (Ziziphusjujube Mill) on Isoproterenol-Induced Myocardial Ischemia and Aluminum-Induced OxidativeDamagein Rats.Food and Chemical Toxicology, 50 (5): 1302–1308.doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2012.01.026
  • Chi A, Kang C, Zhang Y, Tang L, Guo H, Li H, Zhang K, 2015. Immunomodulating and Antioxidant Effects of Polysaccharide Conjugates from The Fruits of Ziziphus jujube on Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Rats. Carbohydrate Polymers, 122: 189–196. doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.12.082
  • Chintharlapalli S, Papineni S, Ramaiah SK, Safe S, 2007. Betulinic Acid Inhibits Prostate Cancer Growth Through İnhibition of Specificity Protein Transcription Factors. American Association for Cancer Research, 67 (6): 2816–23.
  • Choi SH, Ahn JB, Kozukue N, Levin CE, Friedman M, 2011. Distribution of Free Amino Acids, Flavonoids, Total Phenolics, and Antioxidative Activities of Jujube (Ziziphus jujuba) Fruits and Seeds Harvested from Plants Grown in Korea. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 59: 6594–6604.
  • Choi SH, Ahn JB, Kim HJ, Im NK, Kozukue N, Levin CE, Friedman M, 2012. Changes in Free Amino Acid, Protein, and Flavonoid Content in Jujube (Ziziphus jujube) Fruit During Eight Stages of Growth and Antioxidative and Cancer Cell Inhibitory Effects By Extracts. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 60 (41): 10245–10255. doi.org/10.1021/jf302848u
  • Davis PH, 1967. Flora of Turkey and The East Aegean Islands. Edinburg University Press No: 6, pp. 111-133, U.K.
  • De Angel, RE, Smith SM, Glickman RD, Perkins SN, 2010. Antitumor Effects of Ursolic Acid in A Mouse Model of Postmenopausal Breast Cancer. Nutrition and Cancer, 62 (8): 1074–1086.
  • Ecevit MF, Hallaç F, Dilmaç Ünal T, 2002. Denizli İli Çivril İlçesi Gümüşsu Yöresinde Yetişmekte Olan Hünnap (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.)’ın Seleksiyon Yoluyla Islahı Üzerinde Araştırmalar. TÜBİTAK TOGTAG-TARP-1988, s.42, Ankara.
  • Fabiyi JP, Kela SI, Tal KM, Istifanus WA, 1993. Traditional Therapy of Dracunculiasis in The State of Bauchi-Nigeria, Biological sciences programme, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, Nigeria, Dakar Medical, 38 (2): 193-5.
  • Ganachari MS, Kumar S, Bhat KG, 2004. Effect of Ziziphus jujubaLeaves Extract on Phagocytosis By Human Neutrophils.Journal of Natural Remedies, 4(1): 47–51.
  • Ganachari MS, Kumar S, Alagawadi KR, 2007. Anti- Obese Activity of Ziziphus jujuba Lam. Leaves Extract in Dietary Obese Rats. Journal of Natural Remedies, 7: 102–108.
  • Gong C, Yanjing B, Yuying Z, 2000. Flavonoids from Ziziphus jujuba Mill var. spinasa. Tetrahedron, 56: 8915-8920.
  • Goyal R, Sharma PL, Singh M, 2011. Possible Attenuation of Nitric Oxide Expression in Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Ziziphus jujuba in Rat. Journal of Natural Medicines, 65 (3–4): 514–518. doi.org/10.1007/s11418-011-0531-0
  • Guo S, Duan JA, Tang YP, Yang NY, Qıan DW, Su SL, Shang EX, 2010. Characterization of Triterpenic Acids in Fruits of Ziziphus species by HPLC-ELSD-MS. Journal of Agricultural and. Food Chemistry, 58: 6285–6289.
  • Gülay S, 2013. Zizyphus jujuba ’nın Farklı Ekstrelerinin Pankreatik Beta Hücrelerinde İnsülin Salımı İle İlişkisinin İncelenmesi. Erciyes Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Eczacılık Farmakoloji Anabilim Dalı, Kayseri, Yüksek Lisans Tezi.
  • Hamedi S, Arian AA, Farzaei MH, 2015. Gastroprotective Effect of Aqueous Stem Bark Extract of Ziziphus jujuba L. Against HCl/Ethanol-Induced Gastric Mucosal Injury in Rats. Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 35 (6): 666–670. doi.org/10.1016/S0254-6272(15)30157-6
  • Heo HJ, Park Y, Suh YM, Choi SJ, 2003. Effects of Oleamide on Choline Acetyltransferase and Cognitive Activities. Bioscience Biotechnology and Biochemistry, 67: 1284–1291.
  • Hernández F, Noguera AL, Burló F, Wojdyło A, Carbonell BAA, Legua P, 2016. Physico-Chemical, Nutritional, and Volatile Composition and Sensory Profile of Spanish Jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) Fruits. Journal of The Scienceof Food and Agriculture, 96: 2682–2691.
  • Karıncalı M, 2003. Ziziphus jujuba Mill. (Hünnap) Bitkisinin Morfolojik, Anatomik, Ekolojik ve Polen Özelliklerinin Araştırılması, Pamukkale Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Yüksek Lisans Tezi.
  • Kassi E, Sourlingas TG, Spiliotaki M, Papoutsi Z, 2009. Ursolic acid Triggers Apoptosis and Bcl-2 Downregulation in MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells. Cancer Investigation, 27: 723–733.
  • Kavas İ, Dalkılıç Z. 2015. Bazı hünnap genotiplerinin morfolojik, fenolojik ve pomolojik özelliklerinin belirlenmesi ve melezleme olanaklarının araştırılması. ADÜ Ziraat Fak. Dergisi 12(1):57-72.
  • Kim DK, Baek JH, Kang CM, Yoo MA, 2000. Apoptotic Activity of Ursolic Acid May Correlate With The Inhibition of Initiation of DNA Replication. International Journal of Cancer, 87: 629–636.
  • Kumar S, Ganachari MS, Banappa A, Nagoor, VS, 2004. Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Ziziphus jujuba Lam Leaves Extract in Rats. Journal of Natural Remedies, 4 (2): 183–185. doi.org/10.18311/jnr/2004/185
  • Kummar S, Copur MS, Rose M, Wadler S, Stephenson J, O’Rourke M, Chu E, 2011. A Phase Studyof The Chinese Herbal Medicine phy906 As A Modulator of Irinotecan-Based Chemotherapy in Patients With Advanced Colorectal Cancer.Clinical Colorectal Cancer, 10(2): 85–96. doi.org/10.1016/j.clcc.2011.03.003
  • Kundi AHK, Wazir FK, Abdul G, Wazir ZDK, 1989. Physicochemical Characteristics and Organoleptic Evaluation of Different Ber (Zizyphus jujuba Mill.) Cultivars. Sarhad Journal of Agriculture, 5(2): 149-155.
  • Lee S, Min B, Lee C, Kim K, Kho Y, 2003. Cytotoxic Triterpenoids from The Fruits of Zizyphus jujuba. Planta Medica, 69: 1051-1054.
  • Levrero M, 2006. Viral Hepatitis and Liver Cancer: The case of hepatitis C. Oncogene, 25: 3834–47.
  • Li J, Fan L, Ding S, Ding X, 2007. Nutritional Composition of Five Cultivars of Chinese Jujube. Food Chemistry, 103: 454–460.
  • Li J, Guo WJ, Yang QY, 2002. Effects of Ursolic Acid and Oleanolic Acid on Human Colon Carcinoma Cell Line HCT15. World Journal of Gastroenterology, 8: 493–495.
  • Liu J, Chen B, Yao S, 2007. Simultaneous Analysis and Identification of Main Bioactive Constituents in Extract of Zizyphus jujuba var. sapinosa (Zizyphi spinosi semen) By High-Performance Liquid Chromatography–Photodiode Array Detection-Electrospray Mass Spectrometry. Talanta, 71: 668–675.
  • Mahajan RT, Chopda MZ, 2009. Phyto-Pharmacology of Ziziphus jujuba Mill- A plant review. Pharmacognosy Reviews, 3 (6): 320–329.
  • Manu KA, Kuttan G, 2008. Ursolic Acid İnduces Apoptosis By Activating p53 and caspase-3 Gene Expressions and Suppressing NF-kappaB mediated Activation of bcl-2 in B16F-10 Melanoma Cells. International Immunopharmacology, 8: 974–981.
  • Mehreen A, Waheed M, Liaqat I, Arshad N, 2016. Phytochemical, Antimicrobial, and Toxicological Evaluation of Traditional Herbs Used to Treat Sore Throat. Biomed Research International, 1–9.
  • Mengjun L, 2003. Genetic Diversity of Chinese Jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.). Acta Horticulturae, 623: 351–355. doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2003.623.40
  • Mukharjee PK, Mukharjee K, Kumar MR, 2003. Evaluation of The Wound Healing Activity of Some Herbal Formulations. Phytotherapy Research, 17: 265-268.
  • Oğuz A, 2008. Bazı Çerez Gıdaların Antioksidan Kapasiteleri. Gaziosmanpaşa Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Gıda Mühendisliği Anabilim Dalı, Yüksek Lisans Tezi.
  • Omid BR, 1997. Approach The Production and Processing Plants. Tarahan Publisher No: 1, pp. 109-110, Tehran, Iran.
  • Özkan Hİ, 2017. Hünnap (Zizyphus jujuba Mill.) Meyvesinin Bazı Biyokimyasal Bileşenleri ile Antibakteriyel, Hipoglisemik Ve Total Antioksidan Aktivitesinin İncelenmesi. Balıkesir Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Tıbbi Biyokimya Anabilim Dalı, Yüksek Lisans Tezi.
  • Peng WH, Hsieh MT, Lee YS, Lin YC, Liao J, 2000. Anxiolytic Effect of Seed of Ziziphus jujuba in Mouse Models of Anxiety. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 72 (3): 435–441. doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(00)00255-5
  • Reichl L, 1991. Uncommon Fruits Worthy of Attention. A Gardener’s Guide. AddisonWesley, Reading, MA.
  • Sabzghabaee A, Khayam I, Kelishadi R, Ghannadi A, Soltani R, Badri S, Shirani S, 2013. Effect of Zizyphus jujubaFruits on Dyslipidemia in Obese Adolescents: A Triple-Masked Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial. Medical Archives, 67 (3): 156. doi.org/10.5455/medarh.2013.67.156-160
  • San B, Yildirim AN, 2010. Phenolic, Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene and Fatty Acid Composition of Four Promising Jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Miller) Selections. Journalof Food Composition and Analysis, 23: 706–710.
  • Sarfaraz A, Ansari SH, Porchezhian E,2002. Antifungal Activity of Alcoholic Extracts of Ziziphus vulgaris and Acacia concinna. Hamdard Medicus. Bait al-Hikmah, Karachi, Pakistan.14 (15): 42-45.
  • Shah AH, Pandey VB, Eckhardt G, Tschesche R, 1985. A 13-Membraned Cyclopeptide Alkaloid from Ziziphus sativa. Phytochemistry, 24: 2765-2767.
  • Shirdel Z, Madani H, Mirbadalzadeh R, 2009. Investigation İnto The Hypoglycemic Effect of Hydroalcoholic Extract of Ziziphus jujuba Leaves on Blood Glucose and Lipids in Alloxan- Induced Diabetes in Rats. Iranian Journal of Diabetes and Lipid Disorders, 13–19.
  • Shyu MH, KaoTC, Yen GC, 2010. Oleanolic Acid and Ursolic Acid Induce Apoptosis in HuH7 Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells Through A Mitochondrial-Dependent Pathway and Downregulation of XIAP. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 58: 6110–8.
  • Souleles C, Shammas G, 1998. Flavonoids from The Leaves of Zizyphus jujuba. Fitoterapia, 59: 54–156.
  • Su BNCM, Farnsworth NR, Fong HH, Pezzuto JM, Kinghorn AD, 2002. Activity-Guided Fractionation of The Seeds of Ziziphus jujubaUsing A Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibitory Assay. Planta Medica, 68: 1125-1128.
  • Tanmay KK, Shweta W, Prerna N, Awasthi OP, Charanjit K, 2011. Nutraceutical Composition of Zizyphus mauritiana Lamk (Indian ber): Effect of Enzyme-Assisted Processing. International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition, 62 (3): 276–279.
  • Thurnher D, Turhani D, Pelzmann M, Wannemacher B, Knerer B, Formanek M, 2003. Betulinic Acid: A New Cytotoxic Compound Against Malignant Head and Neck Cancer Cells. Head Neck, 25: 732–40.
  • Tschesche R, Shah AH, Eckhardt G, Sativanine A, Sativanine B, 1979. Two New Cyclopeptide Alkaloids from The Bark of Ziziphus sativa. Phytochemistry, 18: 9-11.
  • Wang BN, Liu HF, Zheng JB, Fan MT, Cao W, 2011. Distribution of Phenolic Acids in Different Tissues of Jujube and Their Antioxidant Activity. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 59: 1288−1292.
  • Wang C, Cheng D, Cao J, Jiang W, 2013. Antioxidant Capacity and Chemical Constituents of Chinese Jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) at Different Ripening Stages. Food Science and Biotechnology, 22 (3): 639-644.
  • Williams RJ, Spencer JP, 2004. Rice-Evans C. Flavonoids: Antioxidants or Signaling Molecules? Free Rad Biology and Medicine, 36: 838-849.
  • Yaşa F, 2016. Türkiye’de Yetiştirilen Hünnap Meyvesinin Bileşimi Ve Meyvenin Kurutulması Sırasında Bileşiminde Meydana Gelen Değişimler. Pamukkale Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Yüksek Lisans Tezi.
  • Yoshikawa M, Murakami T, Ikebata A, Wakao S, 1997. Bioactive Saponins and Glycosides. X. On the Constituents of Zizyphi spinosiSemen, The Seeds of Zizyphus jujuba Mill. var. spinosa Hu (1): Structures and Histamine Release-Inhibitory Effect of Jujubosides A1 and C and Acetyljujuboside B. Chemical Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 45: 1186–1192.
  • Yu L, Jiang BP, Luo D, Shen XC, Guo S, Duan JA, Tang YP, 2012. Bioactive Components in The Fruits of Ziziphus jujuba Mill. Against The İnflammatory İrritant Action of Euphorbia Plants. Phytomedicine, 19(3–4): 239–244. doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2011.09.071
  • Zhang YX, Kong CZ, Wang HQ, Wang LH, 2009. Phosphorylation of Bcl-2 and Activation of Caspase-3 Via The c-Jun N-Terminal Kinase Pathway in Ursolic Acid-Induced DU145 Cells Apoptosis. Biochimie, 91: 1173–1179.
  • Zhao Z, Li J, Wu X, Dai H, Gao X, Liu M, Tu P, 2006. Structures and İmmunological Activities of Two Pectic Polysaccharides from The Fruits of Ziziphus jujuba Mill. cv. Jinsixiaozao Hort., Food Research International, 39 (8): 917–923. doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2006.05.006
  • Zhumatov UZ, 1996. Elementary Compositions of The Fruits of Morus nigra and Zizyphus jujuba and Their Biological Activities. Chemistry of Natural Compounds, 32: 116-117.
  • Ziyaev R, Irgashev T, Israilov IA, Abdullaev ND, Yunusov MS, 1977. Alkaloids of Ziziphus jujuba. Structure of Iusiphine and Iusirine. Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii. 2: 239-243.
  • Zuco V, Supino R, Righetti SC, Cleris L, Marchesi E, Gambacorti PC, 2002. Selective Cytotoxicity of Betulinic Acid on Tumor Cell Lines, But Not on Normal Cells. Cancer Letters, 175: 17–25.
Toplam 64 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Yapısal Biyoloji
Bölüm Biyoloji / Biology
Yazarlar

Yasemin Kemeç Hürkan 0000-0003-4089-2683

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Eylül 2019
Gönderilme Tarihi 8 Şubat 2019
Kabul Tarihi 17 Nisan 2019
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2019 Cilt: 9 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Kemeç Hürkan, Y. (2019). Hünnap (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) Meyvesi: Geçmişten Günümüze Tıbbi Önemi. Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology, 9(3), 1271-1281. https://doi.org/10.21597/jist.524818
AMA Kemeç Hürkan Y. Hünnap (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) Meyvesi: Geçmişten Günümüze Tıbbi Önemi. Iğdır Üniv. Fen Bil Enst. Der. Eylül 2019;9(3):1271-1281. doi:10.21597/jist.524818
Chicago Kemeç Hürkan, Yasemin. “Hünnap (Ziziphus Jujuba Mill.) Meyvesi: Geçmişten Günümüze Tıbbi Önemi”. Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology 9, sy. 3 (Eylül 2019): 1271-81. https://doi.org/10.21597/jist.524818.
EndNote Kemeç Hürkan Y (01 Eylül 2019) Hünnap (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) Meyvesi: Geçmişten Günümüze Tıbbi Önemi. Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology 9 3 1271–1281.
IEEE Y. Kemeç Hürkan, “Hünnap (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) Meyvesi: Geçmişten Günümüze Tıbbi Önemi”, Iğdır Üniv. Fen Bil Enst. Der., c. 9, sy. 3, ss. 1271–1281, 2019, doi: 10.21597/jist.524818.
ISNAD Kemeç Hürkan, Yasemin. “Hünnap (Ziziphus Jujuba Mill.) Meyvesi: Geçmişten Günümüze Tıbbi Önemi”. Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology 9/3 (Eylül 2019), 1271-1281. https://doi.org/10.21597/jist.524818.
JAMA Kemeç Hürkan Y. Hünnap (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) Meyvesi: Geçmişten Günümüze Tıbbi Önemi. Iğdır Üniv. Fen Bil Enst. Der. 2019;9:1271–1281.
MLA Kemeç Hürkan, Yasemin. “Hünnap (Ziziphus Jujuba Mill.) Meyvesi: Geçmişten Günümüze Tıbbi Önemi”. Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology, c. 9, sy. 3, 2019, ss. 1271-8, doi:10.21597/jist.524818.
Vancouver Kemeç Hürkan Y. Hünnap (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) Meyvesi: Geçmişten Günümüze Tıbbi Önemi. Iğdır Üniv. Fen Bil Enst. Der. 2019;9(3):1271-8.