Kenevirde Görülen Hastalıklara Genel Bir Bakış

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 2, 748 - 762, 01.06.2020

Mehmet Ali Şevik

https://doi.org/10.21597/jist.670642

Öz

Cannabis sativa türünün bir varyetesi olan endüstriyel kenevir (Cannabis sativa ssp. vulgaris L.), kültürü yapılan önemli bir endüstri bitkisidir. Endüstriyel kenevir insanlık tarihinin en eski bitkisel ham madde kaynaklarından birisi olarak bilinmektedir. Kenevir çevre koşullarına, hastalık ve zararlılara karşı oldukça hassastır. Olumsuz çevre koşullarında bitkiler hastalıklara daha yatkın hale gelmektedir. Kenevir bitkilerinde meydana gelen hastalıklar biyotik (bakteri, fungus, virüs, viroid, fitoplasma) ve abiyotik (besin elementi noksanlıkları) faktörlerden kaynaklanmaktadır. Cannabis türlerinde yüzden fazla mikroorganizma hastalık oluşturabilmektedir. Hastalıkların yaygınlığı iklim şartlarına ve bölgeye göre değişkenlik gösterebilmektedir. Kenevirde görülebilen önemli fungal hastalıkları arasında; kurşuni küf, beyaz çürüklük, çökerten, çeşitli yaprak leke hastalıkları yanıklık ve kök çürüklükleri yer almaktadır. Bakteriyel yanıklık, solgunluk, kök uru, Xanthomonas yaprak leke ve striatura ulcerosa kenevirde önemli bakteriyel hastalıklar arasında yer almaktadır. Kenevir çizgi, kenevir mozayik, yonca mozayik, hıyar mozayik ve arabis mozayik virüslerinin kenevir çeşitlerinde hastalıklara neden olduğu rapor edilmiştir. Bu makalede, kenevir bitkilerini olumsuz etkileyen önemli hastalıklar, belirtileri, bulaşma ve yayılma yolları ve mücadele yöntemleri kısaca özetlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Cannabis, kenevir, hastalık, bakteri, fungus, virüs

Teşekkür

Kenevir konusunda kaynak temininde yardımları için, OMÜ Kenevir Araştırmaları Enstitüsü müdürü Prof.Dr. Selim Aytaç’a teşekkür ederim.

An Overview of Hemp Diseases

Öz

Industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa var. vulgaris L.), a variant of the C. sativa plant, is an important industrial crop. Industrial hemp is one of the oldest crops plants know to humans. Hemp is very sensitive to environmental conditions, diseases, and pests. Environmentally stressed plants become predisposed to diseases. Diseases of Cannabis are caused by biotic (bacteria, fungi, viruses, viroids, phytoplasmas) or abiotic (nutrient deficiencies) sources. Cannabis species suffer over 100 diseases. Disease prevalence is also varied by geography and climate. Serious fungal diseases on hemp include gray mold, hemp canker, damping off, assorted leaf spots, blights, root rots. Important bacterial diseases include bacterial blight, wilt, crown gall, striatura ulcerosa, and xanthomonas leaf spot. In Cannabis cultivars were reported including the diseases caused by Hemp streak virus (HSV), Hemp mosaic virus (HMV), Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV), Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), and Arabis mosaic virus (ArMV). Important diseases affecting the hemp crop along with their symptoms, means of movement and dispersal, and management are briefly summarized in the paper.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Cannabis, hemp, disease, bacterium, fungus, virus

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