Determining The Effect of Different Tillage Methods on Soil Penetration Resistance During Wheat Growing Season

Year 2021, Volume: 11 Issue: 4, 3254 - 3261, 15.12.2021

Erhan Erdel

https://doi.org/10.21597/jist.911273

Abstract

Conservation tillage systems are applied due to their benefits for soil properties. However, studies have reported that conservation tillage system has negative effects on soil such as soil compaction. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of tillage systems (minimum till, conventional till) on soil compaction during wheat cultivation. For this purpose, the penetration resistance readings were collected monthly from January to June at the depth of 0-80 cm. In order to determine soil moisture content, disturbed soil samples were collected at the same time with penetration measurements at the depth of 0-20 cm. The highest values of penetration resistance were recorded in May and June at the depths of 21-80 cm. In the meantime, the lowest values of soil moisture content were observed in May and June at the depth of 0-20 cm. In 21-30 cm soil layer, according to means of depth, penetration resistance was 2.04 MPa, which is the limit value for root growth in minimum tilled plots while 1.58 MPa in conventional tilled plots at the same depth. Results showed that penetration resistance increased with increasing soil depth and decreased with increasing soil moisture content, and soil penetration resistance increased under minimum tillage.

Keywords

Soil compaction, minimum tillage, penetration resistance, soil moisture

References

• Anonymous, 2018. Turkish State Meteorological Service, Ankara, TURKEY.
• Atwell BJ,1993. Response of roots to mechanical impedance. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 33(1): 27-40.
• Bradford JM, 1986. Penetrability. Methods of Soil Analysis: Part 1 Physical and Mineralogical Methods, 5, 463-478.
• Calonego JC, Raphael JP, Rigon JP, de Oliveira Neto L, Rosolem CA, 2017. Soil compaction management and soybean yields with cover crops under no-till and occasional chiseling. European Journal of Agronomy, 85, 31-37.
• Campbell DJ, O'sullivan MF, 1991. The cone penetrometer in relation to trafficability, compaction, and tillage. in: Soil Analysis: Physical Methods. Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, NY. 399-429, 10 fig, 1 tab, 82 ref.
• Cavalieri KMV, da Silva AP, Tormena CA, Lea˜o TP, Dexter AR, Hakansson I, 2009. Long-term effects of no-tillage on dynamic soil physical properties in a Rhodic Ferrasol in Parana, Brazil. Soil and Tillage Research, 103: 158–164. doi:10.1016/j.still.2008.10.014
• Conyers M, van der Rijt V, Oates A, Poile G, Kirkegaard, J, Kirkby C, 2019. The strategic use of minimum tillage within conservation agriculture in southern New South Wales, Australia. Soil and Tillage Research, 193: 17-26.
• de Moraes MT, Debiasi H, Carlesso R, Franchini JC, da Silva VR and da Luz FB, 2017. Age-hardening phenomena in an oxisol from the subtropical region of Brazil. Soil and Tillage Research, 170: 27-37.
• Dörner J, Horn R, 2009. Direction-dependent behaviour of hydraulic and mechan-ical properties in structured soils under conventional and conservation tillage. Soil and Tillage Research, 102: 225–232. doi:10.1016/j.still.2008.07.004
• Franzen H, Lal R, Ehlers W, 1994. Tillage and mulching effects on physical properties of a tropical Alfisol. Soil Tillage Research, 28: 329–346.
• Gebhardt MR, Daniel TC, Schweizer EE, Allmaras RR, 1985. Conservation tillage. Science, 230 (4726): 625-630.
• Girardello VC, Amado TJC, Santi AL, Cherubin MR, Kunz J, Teixeira TDG, 2014. Resistência à penetração, eficiência de escarificadores mecânicos e produtividade da soja em Latossolo argiloso manejado sob plantio direto de longa duração. Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo, 38 (4): 1234-1244.
• Han HS, Page-Dumroese D, Han SK, Tirocke J, 2006. Effects of slash, machine passes, and soil moisture on penetration resistance in a cut-to-length harvesting. International journal of forest engineering, 17 (2): 11-24.
• Horn R, Rostek J, 2000. Subsoil compaction processes-state of knowledge. Adv. Geoecol., 32: 4–54.
• Kemper WD, Rosenau RC, 1986. Aggregate stability and size distribution. methods of soil analysis. Part 1. Physical and Mineralogical Methods (2nd ed.). Agronomy, 9: 425-442, 1188.
• Lampurlanés J, Cantero‐Martínez C, 2003. Soil bulk density and penetration resistance under different tillage and crop management systems and their relationship with barley root growth. Agronomy journal, 95 (3): 526-536.
• Lopez MV, Arrúe JL, Sánchez-Girón V, 1996. A comparison between seasonal changes in soil water storage and penetration resistance under conventional and conservation tillage systems in Aragon. Soil and Tillage research, 37 (4): 251-271.
• Mairghany M, Yahya A, Adam N M, Su ASM, Aimrun W, Elsoragaby S, 2019. Rotary tillage effects on some selected physical properties of fine textured soil in wetland rice cultivation in Malaysia. Soil and Tillage Research, 194: 104318.
• Martínez I, Chervet A, Weisskopf P, Sturny WG, Rek J, Keller T, 2016. Two decades of no-till in the Oberacker long-term field experiment: Part II. Soil porosity and gas transport parameters. Soil and Tillage Research, 163: 130-140.
• Mclean EO,1982. Soil ph and lime requirement. Methods of soil analysis. Part 2. Chemical and microbiological properties (2nd ed.). Agronomy, 9: 199-224.
• Medeiros JC, Da Silva AP, Cerri CEP, Giarola NFB, Figueiredo GC, Fracetto FJC, 2011. Linking physical quality and CO 2 emissions under long-term no-till and conventional-till in a subtropical soil in Brazil. Plant and soil, 338 (1): 5-15.
• Nunes MR, Denardin JE, Pauletto EA, Faganello A, Pinto LFS, 2015. Effect of soil chiseling on soil structure and root growth for a clayey soil under no-tillage. Geoderma, 259: 149-155.
• Reynolds SG, 1970. The gravimetric method of soil moisture determination Part IA study of equipment, and methodological problems. Journal of Hydrology, 11 (3): 258-273.
• Rhoades JD, 1983. Soluble salts. Methods of Soil Analysis: Part 2 Chemical and Microbiological Properties, 9: 167-179.
• Şimşek U, Shein EV, Mikailsoy F, Bolotov AG, Erdel E, 2019. Subsoil compaction: the ıntensity of manifestation in silty clayey calcic pantofluvic fluvisols of the Iğdır region (Eastern Turkey). ISSN 1064-2293, Eurasian Soil Science, 52 (3): 296–299. doi: 10.1134/S1064229319030104
• SSSA, 1996. Glossary of soil science terms. Soil Science Society of America, Madison
• Van Quang P, Jansson PE, 2012. Soil penetration resistance and its dependence on soil moisture and age of the raised-beds in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam.
• Villar JM, 1989. Evapotranspiración y productividad del agua en cebada (Hordeum vulgare L.) y triticale (X Triticosecale Wittmart) en condiciones de secano en la Segarra (Lleida). UPC, ETSEAL, Lleida, Spain.
• Vizioli B, Cavalieri-Polizeli KMV, Tormena CA, Barth G, 2021. Effects of long-term tillage systems on soil physical quality and crop yield in a Brazilian Ferralsol. Soil and Tillage Research, 209: 104935.
• Walkley A, Black LA, 1934. An examination of the degtjareff method for determining soil organic matter, and a proposed modification of the chromic acid titration method. Soil Science, 37 (1): 29–38. doi: https://doi.org/10.1097/00010694-193401000-00003.
• Wulanningtyas HS, Gong Y, Li P, Sakagami N, Nishiwaki J, Komatsuzaki M, 2021. A cover crop and no-tillage system for enhancing soil health by increasing soil organic matter in soybean cultivation. Soil and Tillage Research, 205: 104749.