Tuz ve Kuraklık Stresi Altında Yetiştirilen Buğday Bitkisine (Triticum aestivum L.) Silikon Uygulamalarının Bazı Stres Parametreleri Üzerine Etkisi

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 4, 2559 - 2572, 15.12.2021

Emel Dıraz Yıldırım Hakan Güneş

https://doi.org/10.21597/jist.915426

Öz

Tuz ve kuraklık stresi gibi iki önemli abiyotik stres, bitkilerin gelişimini etkileyerek morfolojik, fizyolojik ve moleküler seviyede pek çok aksaklıklara neden olmaktadır. Silikonun biyotik ve abiyotik strese karşı etkili olduğu bilinmektedir. Bu çalışmada, tuz ve kuraklık stresi koşullarında yetiştirilen bir ekmeklik buğday (Triticum aestivum L.) çeşidi olan Ceyhan-99’a 100 ppm ve 200 ppm silikon sulama suyuna katılarak bitkiler üzerindeki morfolojik karakterlere ve fotosentetik pigmentler üzerine etkisi araştırılmış ve optimal silikon konsantrasyonu belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Ceyhan-99 tuza toleransı düşük ve kuraklığa toleransı da orta seviyede bir ekmeklik buğday çeşididir. Silikon bitkilere toplamda 2 defa uygulanmıştır. Tuz stresi için bitkiler birinci hafta 100 mM, ikinci hafta 200 mM tuz sulama suyuna katılarak strese maruz bırakılmışlardır. Kuraklık stresi için bitkiler birer hafta arayla sulanarak kuraklığa maruz bırakıldı. Araştırmada bitki boyu, bitki ağırlığı, kök boyu, kök ağırlığı, bağıl su miktarı, klorofil a, klorofil b, karotenoid ve toplam klorofil miktarı tespit edilmiştir. Stres uygulanan gruplarda incelenen parametrelerin olumsuz yönde etkilendiği görülmüş fakat silikon uygulamaları ile büyüme parametreleri ve bağıl su miktarından kontrole yakın değerler elde edilmiştir. Kontrol gruplarına 100 ppm silikon uygulamasında kök ağırlığında değişim görülmezken, bitki boyu, bitki ağırlığı, kök ağırlığı gibi diğer parametrelerde istatistiksel olarak artış tespit edilmiştir. Fotosentetik pigmentler incelendiğinde stres altında klorofil a, klorofil b ve toplam klorofil miktarlarında kontrole göre azalış görülürken, karotenoid miktarında artış görülmüştür. Kontrol gruplarına silikon uygulamasında ise klorofil a, klorofil b ve toplam klorofil miktarında artış gözlenirken, karotenoid miktarında azalış saptanmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda çalışılan parametrelerde silikon uygulamalarının, kuraklık ve tuz stresinin zararlı etkilerinin azaltılmasına yardımcı olduğu, kurak ve tuzluluğun neden olduğu yarı kurak bölgelerde su kıtlığının şiddetini azaltarak buğday bitkisinin gelişmesini arttırabileceği görülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Buğday, Ceyhan-99, Silikon, Abiyotik stres, Fotosentetik pigment

The Effect of Silicon Applications on Some Stress Parameters of Wheat Plant (Triticum aestivum L.) Grown Under Salt and Drought Stres

Öz

Two important abiotic stresses, such as salt and drought stress, affect the growth of plants and cause many malfunctions at the morphological, physiological and molecular level. Silicone is known to be effective against biotic and abiotic stress. In this study, a bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Ceyhan-99 variety grown under salt and drought stress conditions, 100 ppm and 200 ppm silicon was added to irrigation water, and its effect was investigated on morphological characters and photosynthetic pigments on plants and the optimal silicon concentration was tried to be determined. Ceyhan-99 is a bread wheat variety with low salt tolerance and moderate drought tolerance. Silicon was applied to the plants 2 times in total. For salt stress, plants were exposed to stress by adding 100 mM salt in the first week and 200 mM salt in the second week. For drought stress, plants were exposed to drought by watering at one week intervals. In the study, plant height, plant weight, root height, root weight, relative water content, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoid and total chlorophyll amount were determined. While no change was observed in root weight in 100 ppm silicon application to the control groups, a statistical increase was found in other parameters such as plant height, plant weight, and root weight. When photosynthetic pigments were examined, the amount of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll decreased under stress condition compared to the control but the amount of carotenoid increased. As a result of the research, silicon applications in the studied parameters helped to reduce the harmful effects of drought and salt stress, it is seen that it can increase the development of wheat plant by reducing the severity of water scarcity in semi-arid regions caused by drought and salinity.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Wheat, Ceyhan-99, Silicon, Abiotic stress, Photosynthetic pigment

Kaynakça

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