Araştırma Makalesi
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The Effect of Some Essential Oils on In vitro Digestibility, Rumen Fermentation Characteristics and Methane Gas Production

Yıl 2012, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 1, 91 - 98, 31.03.2012

Öz

The aim of the current study was to determine the effect of supplementation of oregano, peppermint,

orange, clove and cinnamon essential oils to rumen fluid (300 mg L-1) on in vitro gas production (IGP), organic

matter digestibility (OMD), metabolisable energy (ME), rumen fermentation and methane gas production (MGP).

The supplementation of oregano peppermint, orange, clove and cinnamon oils into rumen fluid decreased (P<0.01)

the IGP, OMD and metabolisable energy (ME). Also, essential oils used in the current study reduced (P<0.01) the

volatile fatty acids (VFA), ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) and MGP. The results of the present study indicated that

essential oils affected negatively all parameters measured.

Kaynakça

  • Agarwal, N., Shekhar, C., Kumar, R., Chaudhary, L.C., Karma, D.N., 2009. Effect of peppermint (Mentha piperita) oil on in vitro methanogenesis and fermentation of feed with buffalo rumen liquor. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 148: 321–327.
  • Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC). 1990. Official Method of Analysis. 15th ed., pp. 66-88. Washington, DC, USA.
  • Benchaar, C., Calsamiglia, S., Chaves, A.V., Fraser, G.R., Colombatto, D., McAllister, TA., Beauchemin, K.A., 2008. A review of plant derived essential oils in ruminant nutrition and production. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 145: 209-228.
  • Benchaar, C., Greathead, H., 2011. Essential oils and opportunities to mitigate enteric methane emissions from ruminants. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 166– 167, 338– 355.
  • Benchaar, C., Petit, H.V., Berthiaume, R., Ouellet, D.R., Chiquette, J., Chouinard, P.Y., 2007. Effects of essential oils on digestion, ruminal fermentation, rumen microbial populations, milk production, and milk composition in dairy cows fed alfalfa silage or corn silage. J. Dairy Sci., 90: 886–897.
  • Blümmel, M., Makkar, H.P.S., Becker, K., 1997. In vitro gas productiona technique revisied. J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr., 77: 24–34.
  • Blümmel, M., Mgomezulu, R., Chen, X. B., Makkar, H.P.S., Becker, K., Ørskov, E. R., 1999. The modification of in in vitro gas production test to detect roughage related differences in in vivo microbial protein synthesis as estimated by the excretion of purine derivates. J. Agric. Sci. (Camb.), 133: 335-340.
  • Boadi, D., Benchaar, C., Chiquette, J., Masse, D., 2004. Mitigation strategies to reduce enteric methane emissions from dairy cows: update review. Can. J. Anim. Sci., 84: 319–335.
  • Bozkurt, Z., Görgülü, M., Çelik, L., 2007. Kekik (Origanum vulgare) ve çörekotu (Nilgella sativa) esansiyel yağı ile propolisin buğday samanının in vitro geçek kuru madde, organik madde ve NDF sindirilebilirliğine etkisi. IV. Ulusal Hayvan Besleme Kongresi, 24-28 Haziran Bursa, 94-97.
  • Busquet, M., Calsamiglia, S., Ferret, A., Kamel, C., 2005. Screening for the effects of natural plant extracts and secondary plant metabolites on rumen microbial fermentation in continuous culture. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 123-124, 597-613.
  • Busquet, M., Calsamiglia, S., Ferret, A., Kamel, C., 2006. Plant extracts affect in vitro rumen microbial fermentation. J. Dairy Sci., 89: 761-771.
  • Calsamiglia, S., Busquet, M., Cardozo, P.W., Castillejos, L., Ferret, A., 2007. Essential oils as modifiers of rumen microbial fermentation. J. Dairy Sci., 90, 2580–2595.
  • Canbolat, Ö., Karaman, Ş., Filya, İ., 2010. Farklı Kekik Yağı Dozlarının Yemlerin Sindirimi ve Rumen Fermantasyonu Üzerine Etkileri. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg., 16(6): 933-939.
  • Canbolat, Ö., Kalkan, H., Karaman, Ş. Filya, İ., 2011. Esansiyel yağların sindirim, rumen fermantasyonu ve mikrobiyal protein üretimi üzerine etkileri. Kafkas Univ. Vet. Fak. Derg., 17(4): 557-565.
  • Castillejos, L., Calsamiglia, S., Ferret, A., 2006. Effect of essential oil active compounds on rumen microbial fermentation and nutrient flow in in vitro systems. J. Dairy Sci., 89: 2649–2658.
  • Castillejos, L., Calsamiglia, S., Ferret, A., Losa, R., 2007. Effects of dose and adaptation time of a specific blend of essential oil compounds on rumen fermentation. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 132: 186–201.
  • Castillejos, L., Calsamiglia, S., Martin-Tereso, J., Ter Wijlen, H., 2008. In vitro evaluation of effects of essential oils at three doses on ruminal fermentation of high concentrate feedlot-type diets. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 145: 259-270.
  • Chaves, A.V., He, M.L., Yang, W.Z., Hristov, A.N., McAllister, T.A., Benchaar, C., 2008. Effects of essential oils on proteolytic, deaminative and methanogenic activities of mixed ruminal bacteria. Can. J. Anim. Sci., 88: 117–122.
  • Dorman, H.J.D., Deans, S.G., 2000. Antimicrobial agents from plants: antibacterial activity of plant volatile oils. J. Appl. Microbiol., 88: 308–316.Ensminger, M.E., Oldfield J.E., Heinemann, W.W., 1990. Feed and Nutrition. The Ensminger Publishing Company, pp 1544.
  • Eun, J.S., Fellner, V., Gumpertz, M.L., 2004. Methane production by mixed ruminal cultures incubated in dual-flow fermenters. J Dairy Sci., 87: 112–121.
  • Evans, J.D., Martin, S.A., 2000. Effects of thymol on ruminal microorganisms. Curr. Microbiol., 41: 336-340.
  • Friedman, M., Henika, P.R., Mandrell, R.E. 2002. Bactericidal activities of plant essential oils and some of their isolated constituents against Campylobacter jejuni, Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, and Salmonella enterica. J. Food Protect., 65: 1545–1560.
  • Garcia, V., Catala-Gregori, P., Madrid, J., Hernandez, F., Megias, M.D., Andrade-Montemayor, H.M., 2007. Potential of carvacrol to modify in vitro rumen fermentation ascompared with monensin. Animal, 1(5): 675–680.
  • Hu, W., Wu,Y., Liu, J., Guo, Y., Ye, J., 2005. Tea saponins in vitro fermentation and methanogenesis in faunated and defaunated rumen fluid. J. Zhejiang. Univ. Sci., B, 6(8): 782-792.
  • Johnson, K.A., Johnson, D. E., 1995. Methane emissions from cattle. J. Animal Sci., 73: 2483–2492.
  • Kamalak, A., Canbolat, O., Ozkan, C.O., Atalay, A.I., 2011. The effect of essential oil (Thymol) supplementation on in vitro gas production profiles and fermentation end products of alfalfa hay. Kafkas Univ. Vet. Fak. Derg., 17(2): 211-216.
  • Macheboeuf, D., Morgavi, D.P., Papon, Y., Mousset, J.L., ArturoSchaan, M. 2008. Dose–response effects of essential oils on in vitro fermentation activity of the rumen microbial population. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 145. 335–350.
  • Martinez, S., Madrid, J., Hern´andez, F., Meg´ıas M.D., Sotomator, J.A., Jord´an, M.J. 2006. Effects of thyme essential oils (Thymus hyemalis and Thymus zygis) and monensin on in vitro ruminal degradation and volatile fatty acid production. J. Agr. Food Chem., 54: 5698–6602.
  • Mcintosh, F.M., Williams, P., Losa, R., Wallace, R.J., Beever, D.A., Newbold, C.J., 2003. Effects of essential oil on rumenial microorganism and their protein metabolism. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 69(8): 5011-5014.
  • Menke, K.H., Steingass, H., 1988. Estimation of the energetic feed value obtained from chemical analysis and in vitro gas production using rumen fluid. Anim. Res. Develop., 28: 9–55.
  • Menke, K.H., Raab, L., Salewski, A., Steingass, H., Fritz, D., Schneider, W., 1979. The estimation of the digestibility and metabolizable energy content of ruminant feedingstuffs from the gas production when they are incubated with rumen liquor in vitro. J. Agr. Sci., 93(1): 217–222.
  • Moss, A.R., 2002. Environmental control of methane production by ruminants. In: Takahashi J, Young BA (Eds.): Greenhouse gases and animal agriculture. pp. 67-76, Elsevier, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
  • Newbold, C.J., McIntosh, F.M., Williams, P., Losa, R., Wallace, R.J., 2004. Effect of a spesific blend of essential oil compounds on rumen fermantation. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 114: 105–112.
  • Ouattara, B., R. E. Simard, R. A. Holley, G. J.-P. Piette, and A. Begin. 1997. Antibacterial activity of selected fatty acids and essential oils against six meat spoilage organisms. Int. J. Food Microbiol., 37: 155–162.
  • Simitzis, P.E, Feggeros, K., Bizelis, J.A., Deligeorgis, S.G. 2005. Behavioural reaction to essential oils dietary supplementation in sheep. Biotech. Anim. Husb., 21(5-6): 97-103.
  • Snedecor GW, Cochran, W. 1976. Statistical Methods. The Iowa State Univ. Pres. Amer. IA. USA, 1976.
  • Steinfeld, H., Gerber, P., Wassenaar, T., Castel, V., Rosales, M., De Haan, D., 2006. Livestock’s Long Shadow: Environmental Issues and Options, FAO, Rome, Italy.
  • Tamminga, S., 1996. A review on environmental impacts of nutritional strategies in ruminants. J. Anim. Sci., 74: 3112-3124.
  • Tekeli, A., Çelik, L., Kutlu, H.R., 2007. Plant extract; A new rumen moderator in ruminant diets. J. of Tekirdag Agric. Faculty., 4(1): 71-79.
  • Van Soest, P., Robertson, J.B., 1985. A laboratory manual for animal science. 612. Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA.
  • Wallace, R.J., McEwan, N.R., McIntosh, M., Teferedegne, B., Newbold, C.J., 2002. Natural products as manipulators of rumen fermentation. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci., 15(10): 1458-1468.
  • Wiedmeier, R.D., Arambell, M.J., Walters, J.L., 1987. Effect of orally administered pilocarpine on ruminal characteristics and nutrient digestibility in cattle. J. Dairy Sci., 70: 284-289, 1987.

Bazı Esansiyel Yağların İn vitro Sindirim, Rumen Fermantasyonu ve Metan Gazı Üretimi Üzerine Etkileri

Yıl 2012, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 1, 91 - 98, 31.03.2012

Öz

Bu araştırmanın amacı, rumen sıvısına 300 mg lt-1 kekik (KY), nane (NY), portakal (PY), karanfil (KAY)
ve tarçın (TY) esansiyel yağlarının in vitro gaz üretimi (İGÜ), organik madde sindirimi (OMS), metabolik enerji
(ME) ile rumen fermantasyonu ve metan gazı üretimi (MGÜ) üzerine olan etkilerini belirlemektir. Araştırmada (koyun)
rumen sıvısına KY, NY, PY, KAY ve TY ilavesi, korunga kuru otunun İGÜ, OMS ve ME içeriğini düşürmüştür
(P<0.01). Esansiyel yağlar, rumen sıvısı parametrelerinden uçucu yağ asitleri (UYA), amonyak azotu (NH3-N)
ve MGÜ üretimini de azaltmıştır (P<0.01). Bu araştırmanın sonuçlarına göre, esansiyel yağların çalışmada incelenen
tüm parametreleri olumsuz etkilediği belirlenmiştir.

Kaynakça

  • Agarwal, N., Shekhar, C., Kumar, R., Chaudhary, L.C., Karma, D.N., 2009. Effect of peppermint (Mentha piperita) oil on in vitro methanogenesis and fermentation of feed with buffalo rumen liquor. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 148: 321–327.
  • Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC). 1990. Official Method of Analysis. 15th ed., pp. 66-88. Washington, DC, USA.
  • Benchaar, C., Calsamiglia, S., Chaves, A.V., Fraser, G.R., Colombatto, D., McAllister, TA., Beauchemin, K.A., 2008. A review of plant derived essential oils in ruminant nutrition and production. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 145: 209-228.
  • Benchaar, C., Greathead, H., 2011. Essential oils and opportunities to mitigate enteric methane emissions from ruminants. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 166– 167, 338– 355.
  • Benchaar, C., Petit, H.V., Berthiaume, R., Ouellet, D.R., Chiquette, J., Chouinard, P.Y., 2007. Effects of essential oils on digestion, ruminal fermentation, rumen microbial populations, milk production, and milk composition in dairy cows fed alfalfa silage or corn silage. J. Dairy Sci., 90: 886–897.
  • Blümmel, M., Makkar, H.P.S., Becker, K., 1997. In vitro gas productiona technique revisied. J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr., 77: 24–34.
  • Blümmel, M., Mgomezulu, R., Chen, X. B., Makkar, H.P.S., Becker, K., Ørskov, E. R., 1999. The modification of in in vitro gas production test to detect roughage related differences in in vivo microbial protein synthesis as estimated by the excretion of purine derivates. J. Agric. Sci. (Camb.), 133: 335-340.
  • Boadi, D., Benchaar, C., Chiquette, J., Masse, D., 2004. Mitigation strategies to reduce enteric methane emissions from dairy cows: update review. Can. J. Anim. Sci., 84: 319–335.
  • Bozkurt, Z., Görgülü, M., Çelik, L., 2007. Kekik (Origanum vulgare) ve çörekotu (Nilgella sativa) esansiyel yağı ile propolisin buğday samanının in vitro geçek kuru madde, organik madde ve NDF sindirilebilirliğine etkisi. IV. Ulusal Hayvan Besleme Kongresi, 24-28 Haziran Bursa, 94-97.
  • Busquet, M., Calsamiglia, S., Ferret, A., Kamel, C., 2005. Screening for the effects of natural plant extracts and secondary plant metabolites on rumen microbial fermentation in continuous culture. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 123-124, 597-613.
  • Busquet, M., Calsamiglia, S., Ferret, A., Kamel, C., 2006. Plant extracts affect in vitro rumen microbial fermentation. J. Dairy Sci., 89: 761-771.
  • Calsamiglia, S., Busquet, M., Cardozo, P.W., Castillejos, L., Ferret, A., 2007. Essential oils as modifiers of rumen microbial fermentation. J. Dairy Sci., 90, 2580–2595.
  • Canbolat, Ö., Karaman, Ş., Filya, İ., 2010. Farklı Kekik Yağı Dozlarının Yemlerin Sindirimi ve Rumen Fermantasyonu Üzerine Etkileri. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg., 16(6): 933-939.
  • Canbolat, Ö., Kalkan, H., Karaman, Ş. Filya, İ., 2011. Esansiyel yağların sindirim, rumen fermantasyonu ve mikrobiyal protein üretimi üzerine etkileri. Kafkas Univ. Vet. Fak. Derg., 17(4): 557-565.
  • Castillejos, L., Calsamiglia, S., Ferret, A., 2006. Effect of essential oil active compounds on rumen microbial fermentation and nutrient flow in in vitro systems. J. Dairy Sci., 89: 2649–2658.
  • Castillejos, L., Calsamiglia, S., Ferret, A., Losa, R., 2007. Effects of dose and adaptation time of a specific blend of essential oil compounds on rumen fermentation. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 132: 186–201.
  • Castillejos, L., Calsamiglia, S., Martin-Tereso, J., Ter Wijlen, H., 2008. In vitro evaluation of effects of essential oils at three doses on ruminal fermentation of high concentrate feedlot-type diets. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 145: 259-270.
  • Chaves, A.V., He, M.L., Yang, W.Z., Hristov, A.N., McAllister, T.A., Benchaar, C., 2008. Effects of essential oils on proteolytic, deaminative and methanogenic activities of mixed ruminal bacteria. Can. J. Anim. Sci., 88: 117–122.
  • Dorman, H.J.D., Deans, S.G., 2000. Antimicrobial agents from plants: antibacterial activity of plant volatile oils. J. Appl. Microbiol., 88: 308–316.Ensminger, M.E., Oldfield J.E., Heinemann, W.W., 1990. Feed and Nutrition. The Ensminger Publishing Company, pp 1544.
  • Eun, J.S., Fellner, V., Gumpertz, M.L., 2004. Methane production by mixed ruminal cultures incubated in dual-flow fermenters. J Dairy Sci., 87: 112–121.
  • Evans, J.D., Martin, S.A., 2000. Effects of thymol on ruminal microorganisms. Curr. Microbiol., 41: 336-340.
  • Friedman, M., Henika, P.R., Mandrell, R.E. 2002. Bactericidal activities of plant essential oils and some of their isolated constituents against Campylobacter jejuni, Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, and Salmonella enterica. J. Food Protect., 65: 1545–1560.
  • Garcia, V., Catala-Gregori, P., Madrid, J., Hernandez, F., Megias, M.D., Andrade-Montemayor, H.M., 2007. Potential of carvacrol to modify in vitro rumen fermentation ascompared with monensin. Animal, 1(5): 675–680.
  • Hu, W., Wu,Y., Liu, J., Guo, Y., Ye, J., 2005. Tea saponins in vitro fermentation and methanogenesis in faunated and defaunated rumen fluid. J. Zhejiang. Univ. Sci., B, 6(8): 782-792.
  • Johnson, K.A., Johnson, D. E., 1995. Methane emissions from cattle. J. Animal Sci., 73: 2483–2492.
  • Kamalak, A., Canbolat, O., Ozkan, C.O., Atalay, A.I., 2011. The effect of essential oil (Thymol) supplementation on in vitro gas production profiles and fermentation end products of alfalfa hay. Kafkas Univ. Vet. Fak. Derg., 17(2): 211-216.
  • Macheboeuf, D., Morgavi, D.P., Papon, Y., Mousset, J.L., ArturoSchaan, M. 2008. Dose–response effects of essential oils on in vitro fermentation activity of the rumen microbial population. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 145. 335–350.
  • Martinez, S., Madrid, J., Hern´andez, F., Meg´ıas M.D., Sotomator, J.A., Jord´an, M.J. 2006. Effects of thyme essential oils (Thymus hyemalis and Thymus zygis) and monensin on in vitro ruminal degradation and volatile fatty acid production. J. Agr. Food Chem., 54: 5698–6602.
  • Mcintosh, F.M., Williams, P., Losa, R., Wallace, R.J., Beever, D.A., Newbold, C.J., 2003. Effects of essential oil on rumenial microorganism and their protein metabolism. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 69(8): 5011-5014.
  • Menke, K.H., Steingass, H., 1988. Estimation of the energetic feed value obtained from chemical analysis and in vitro gas production using rumen fluid. Anim. Res. Develop., 28: 9–55.
  • Menke, K.H., Raab, L., Salewski, A., Steingass, H., Fritz, D., Schneider, W., 1979. The estimation of the digestibility and metabolizable energy content of ruminant feedingstuffs from the gas production when they are incubated with rumen liquor in vitro. J. Agr. Sci., 93(1): 217–222.
  • Moss, A.R., 2002. Environmental control of methane production by ruminants. In: Takahashi J, Young BA (Eds.): Greenhouse gases and animal agriculture. pp. 67-76, Elsevier, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
  • Newbold, C.J., McIntosh, F.M., Williams, P., Losa, R., Wallace, R.J., 2004. Effect of a spesific blend of essential oil compounds on rumen fermantation. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 114: 105–112.
  • Ouattara, B., R. E. Simard, R. A. Holley, G. J.-P. Piette, and A. Begin. 1997. Antibacterial activity of selected fatty acids and essential oils against six meat spoilage organisms. Int. J. Food Microbiol., 37: 155–162.
  • Simitzis, P.E, Feggeros, K., Bizelis, J.A., Deligeorgis, S.G. 2005. Behavioural reaction to essential oils dietary supplementation in sheep. Biotech. Anim. Husb., 21(5-6): 97-103.
  • Snedecor GW, Cochran, W. 1976. Statistical Methods. The Iowa State Univ. Pres. Amer. IA. USA, 1976.
  • Steinfeld, H., Gerber, P., Wassenaar, T., Castel, V., Rosales, M., De Haan, D., 2006. Livestock’s Long Shadow: Environmental Issues and Options, FAO, Rome, Italy.
  • Tamminga, S., 1996. A review on environmental impacts of nutritional strategies in ruminants. J. Anim. Sci., 74: 3112-3124.
  • Tekeli, A., Çelik, L., Kutlu, H.R., 2007. Plant extract; A new rumen moderator in ruminant diets. J. of Tekirdag Agric. Faculty., 4(1): 71-79.
  • Van Soest, P., Robertson, J.B., 1985. A laboratory manual for animal science. 612. Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA.
  • Wallace, R.J., McEwan, N.R., McIntosh, M., Teferedegne, B., Newbold, C.J., 2002. Natural products as manipulators of rumen fermentation. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci., 15(10): 1458-1468.
  • Wiedmeier, R.D., Arambell, M.J., Walters, J.L., 1987. Effect of orally administered pilocarpine on ruminal characteristics and nutrient digestibility in cattle. J. Dairy Sci., 70: 284-289, 1987.
Toplam 42 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Mühendislik
Bölüm Zootekni / Animal Science
Yazarlar

Önder Canbolat

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Mart 2012
Gönderilme Tarihi 16 Aralık 2011
Kabul Tarihi 13 Şubat 2012
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2012 Cilt: 2 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Canbolat, Ö. (2012). Bazı Esansiyel Yağların İn vitro Sindirim, Rumen Fermantasyonu ve Metan Gazı Üretimi Üzerine Etkileri. Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology, 2(1), 91-98.
AMA Canbolat Ö. Bazı Esansiyel Yağların İn vitro Sindirim, Rumen Fermantasyonu ve Metan Gazı Üretimi Üzerine Etkileri. Iğdır Üniv. Fen Bil Enst. Der. Mart 2012;2(1):91-98.
Chicago Canbolat, Önder. “Bazı Esansiyel Yağların İn Vitro Sindirim, Rumen Fermantasyonu Ve Metan Gazı Üretimi Üzerine Etkileri”. Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology 2, sy. 1 (Mart 2012): 91-98.
EndNote Canbolat Ö (01 Mart 2012) Bazı Esansiyel Yağların İn vitro Sindirim, Rumen Fermantasyonu ve Metan Gazı Üretimi Üzerine Etkileri. Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology 2 1 91–98.
IEEE Ö. Canbolat, “Bazı Esansiyel Yağların İn vitro Sindirim, Rumen Fermantasyonu ve Metan Gazı Üretimi Üzerine Etkileri”, Iğdır Üniv. Fen Bil Enst. Der., c. 2, sy. 1, ss. 91–98, 2012.
ISNAD Canbolat, Önder. “Bazı Esansiyel Yağların İn Vitro Sindirim, Rumen Fermantasyonu Ve Metan Gazı Üretimi Üzerine Etkileri”. Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology 2/1 (Mart 2012), 91-98.
JAMA Canbolat Ö. Bazı Esansiyel Yağların İn vitro Sindirim, Rumen Fermantasyonu ve Metan Gazı Üretimi Üzerine Etkileri. Iğdır Üniv. Fen Bil Enst. Der. 2012;2:91–98.
MLA Canbolat, Önder. “Bazı Esansiyel Yağların İn Vitro Sindirim, Rumen Fermantasyonu Ve Metan Gazı Üretimi Üzerine Etkileri”. Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology, c. 2, sy. 1, 2012, ss. 91-98.
Vancouver Canbolat Ö. Bazı Esansiyel Yağların İn vitro Sindirim, Rumen Fermantasyonu ve Metan Gazı Üretimi Üzerine Etkileri. Iğdır Üniv. Fen Bil Enst. Der. 2012;2(1):91-8.