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The Usage of Ghrelin and Leptin Hormones in Livestock

Yıl 2015, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 1, 99 - 105, 31.03.2015

Öz









Ghrelin plays important role on the regulation of feeding in livestock by stimulating the releasing
of growth hormone as both of in vitro and in vivo, which is the latest discoreved as an anabolic hormone by
Japanese scientists in 1999. The hormone increases appetite, fat accumulation and gluconeogenesis. In addition, it
has an important task in feeding behavior in animals. Scienti c studies related to ghrelin on the activity of growth
hormone are available in sheep, goats, cattle and chickens. Leptin is an hormone structed from protein and plays
important roles on controlling of feed intake, regulation of energy homeostasis and fat deposisition, and also
adaptation for the nutrition, which was discovered in 1994. Leptin shows a natural characteristic upon regulation
of appetite, deposition and expenditure of energy, and reproductive-immune systems by ensuring the adaptation of
animals against malnutrition. It was reported that body weight is balanced by leptin. Regulation of the synthesis
and secretion of leptin varies in direct proportion to the amount of adipocytes. Leptin level is effective on nutrition,
and physiological and endocrine factors. Signi cant works in recent years in the elds of livestock have been
proposed that the effects of leptin are well worth considering. Ghrelin and leptin act in organisms with feedback,
and body weight is controlled with this way. Both hormones levels are set in the organism depends on several
factors. Hormones levels may vary in opposite directions with each other. The intent of this presentation is to give
information about the use of hormones ghrelin and leptin in livestock, as well as a possible future animal husbandry
practices. 





Kaynakça

  • Ahima RS, Prabakaran D, Mantzoros C, Qu D, Lowell B, Maratos- Flier E, Flier JS, 1996. Role of leptin in the neuroendocrine response to fasting. Nature, 382: 250-252.
  • Arıkan F, Uysal H, 2011. Sağlıkta ve Hastalıkta Ghrelin’in Rolü, Lalahan Hay Arast Enst. Derg, 51 (1): 41-53.
  • Arvat E, Di Vito L, Broglio F, Papotti M, Muccioli G, Dieguez C, Casanueva FF, Deghenghi R, Camanni, F, Ghigo E, 2000. Preliminary evidence that Ghrelin, the natural GH secretagogue (GHS)-receptor ligand, strongly stimulates GH secretion in humans, J Endocrinol Invest, 23: 493–495
  • Arvat E, Maccario M, Di Vito L, Broglio F, Benso A, Gottero C, Papotti M, Muccioli G, Dieguez C, Casanueva FF, Deghenghi R, Camanni F, Ghigo E 2001. Endocrine activities of ghrelin, a natural growth hormone secretagogue (GHS), in humans: comparison and interactions with hexarelin, a nonnatural peptidyl GHS, and GH-releasing hormone. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 86 : 1169–1174
  • Auwerx J, Staels B, 1998. Leptin. The Lancet, 351: 737-742.
  • Aydin S, 2007. Grelin Hormonunun Keş : Araştırmaları ve Klinik Uygulamaları, Türk Biyokimya Dergisi, 32 (2): 76–89. Aydin S, Aydin S, Ozkan Y, Kumru S. 2006a. Grelin is present in human colostrum, transitional and mature milk. Peptides. 27: 878-882.
  • Aydin S, Ozercan İH, Dagli F, Aydin S, Kumru S, Kilic N, Sahin İ, Ozercan MR. 2007 Grelin is present in human teeth. J Biochem Mol Biol. (accepted).
  • Aydin S, Ozkan Y, Caylak E, Aydin S, 2006b. Grelin and its biochemical functions. Turkiye Klinikleri. J Med Sci. 26: 272- 283.
  • Bado A, Levasseur S, Le Marchand-Brustel Y, Lewin MJM 1998. The stomach is a source of Leptin, Nature, 394: 790-793.
  • Baile CA, Della-Fera MA, Martin RJ, 2000. Regulation of metabolism and body fat mass by leptin. Annual Review of Nutrition, 20: 105-127.
  • Barb CR, Hausmane GJ, Houseknecht KL, 2001. Biology of leptin in the pig. Domestic Animal Endocrinology, 21: 297-317.
  • Barreiro ML, Gaytan F, Caminos JE, Pinilla L, Casanueva FF, Aguilar E, Dieguez C, Tena-Sempere M, 2002: Cellular location and hormonal regulation of ghrelin expression in rat testis. Biology of Reproduction, 67: 1768–1776.
  • Bartness TJ, Bamshad M 1998. Innervation of mammalian white adipose tissue: implications for the regulation of total body fat. American Journal of Physiology, 275: 1399-1411.
  • Baudet ML, Harvey S, 2003. Ghrelin-induced GH secretion in domestic fowl in vivo and in vitro, Journal of Endocrinology, 179: 97–105.
  • Bennet BD, Solar GP, Yuan JO, Thomas GR, 1996. A role for leptin and its cognate receptor in haematopoiesis. Curr Biol, 6: 1170- 1180.
  • Bowers CY, Momany F, Reynolds GA, Chang D, Hong A, Chang K, 1980. Structure-activity relationships of a syntheticpentapeptide that speci cally releases growthhormone in vitro. Endocrinology, 106: 663–667
  • Bowers CY, Momany F, Reynolds GA, Hong A, 1984. On the in vitro and in vivo activity of a new synthetic hexapeptide that acts on the pituitary to speci cally release growth hormone. Endocrinology, 114: 1537–1545
  • Caprio M, Fabbrini E, Isidori AM, Aversa A, Fabbri A, 2001. Leptin in reproduction. Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism, 12: 65-72.
  • Cha MC, Jones PJ, 1998. Dietary fat type and energy restriction interactively in uence plasma leptin concentration in rats. Journal of Lipit Research, 39: 1655-1660.
  • Chehab FF, Lim ME, Lu R, 1996. Correction of the sterility defect in homozygous obese female mice by treatment with the human recombinant Leptin. Nat Genet, 12: 318-320.
  • Chelikani PK, Ambrose JD, Keisler DH, Kennelly JJ, 2004. Effect of short term fasting on plasma concentrations of leptin and other hormones and metabolites in dairy cattle. Domestic Animal Endocrinology, 26: 33-48.
  • Chilliard Y, Bonnet M, Delavaud C, Faulconniera Y, Lerouxb C, Djianec J, Bocquierd F, 2001. Leptin in ruminants. Gene expression in adipose tissue and mammary gland, and regulation of plasma concentration. Dom Anim Endocrinol, 21: 271–295.
  • Chilliard Y, Ferlay A, Faulconnier Y, Bonnet M, Rouel J, Bocquier F, 2000. Adipose tissue metabolism and its role in adaptations to undernutrition in ruminants. Proceedings of The Nutrition Society, 59: 127-134.
  • Christos S, Mantzoros MD, 1999. The role of leptin in human obesity and disease: A review of current evidience. Ann Intern Med, 13: 671-680.
  • Comba A, 2014. Farklı koyun ırklarında leptin ve lipit pro li düzeylerinin belirlenmesi, YYÜ Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Biyokimya Anabilim Dalı Doktora Tezi, Van, 2014.
  • Cummings DE, Purnell JQ, Frayo RS, Schmidova K, Wisse BE, Weigle DS, 2001. A preprandial rise in plasma ghrelin levels suggests a role in meal initiation in humans. Diabetes, 50: 1714–1719
  • Date Y, Nakazato M, Hashiguchi S, Dezaki K, Mondal MS, Hosoda H, Kojima M, Kangawa K, Arima T, Matsuo H, Yada T, Matsukura S, 2002. Ghrelin is present in pancreatic alpha- cells of humans and rats and stimulates insulin secretion. Diabetes, 51: 124–129.
  • Date Y, Nakazato M, Murakami N, Kojima M, Kangawa K, Matsukura S, 2001. Ghrelin acts in the central nervous system to stimulate gastric acid secretion. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 280: 904–907
  • Delavaud C, Bocquier F, Chilliard Y, Keisler DH, Gertler A, Kann G, 2000. Plasma leptin determination in ruminants: effect of nutritional status and body fatness on plasma leptin concentration assessed by a speci c RIA in sheep. Journal of Endocrinology, 165: 519-526.
  • Delavaud C, Ferlay A, Faulconnier Y, Bocquier F, Kann G, Chilliard Y, 2002. Plasma leptin concentration in adult cattle: effects of breed, adiposity, feeding level, and meal intake. J Anim Sci, 80: 1317-1328.
  • Dornonville De La Cour C, Lindstrom E, Norlen P, Hakanson R, 2004. Ghrelin stimulates gastric emptying but is without effect on acid secretion and gastric endocrine cells. Regul Pept, 120: 23–32
  • Dulloo AG, Stock MJ, Solinas G, Boss O, Montani JP, Seydoux J, 2002. Leptin directly stimulates thermogenesis in skeletal muscle. FEBS Letters, 515: 109-113.
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  • Garcia MR, Amstalden M, Keisler DH, Raver N, Gertler A, Williams GL, 2004. Leptin attenuates the acute effects of centrally administered neuropeptide Y on somatotropin but not gonadotropin secretion in ovariectomized cows. Domest Anim Endocrinol, 27: 89.
  • Gnanapavan S, Kola B, Bustin SA, Morris DG, Mcgee P, Fairclough P, Bhattacharya S, Carpenter R, Grossman AB, Korbonits M, 2002. The tissue distribution of the mRNA of ghrelin and subtypes of its receptor, GHS-R, in humans. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 87: 2988- 2991
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Hayvancılıkta Grelin ve Leptin Hormonlarının Kullanımı

Yıl 2015, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 1, 99 - 105, 31.03.2015

Öz





En son bulunan anabolik hormon olan grelin, Japon bilim adamları tarafından 1999 yılında keşfedilmiştir.
Grelin, evcil hayvanlarda büyüme hormonu salınımını hem
in vitro hem de in vivo ortamda uyararak beslenmenin
düzenlenmesinde rol oynamaktadır. İştah, yağ birikimi ve glukoneogenezisi artırıcı etkisiyle birlikte, hayvanlarda
beslenme davranışlarında; koyun, keçi, sığır ve tavuklarda büyüme hormonu aktivitesi ile ilgili önemli bir görevi
bulunmaktadır. İlk kez 1994 yılında bulunan protein yapılı bir hormon olan leptin; hayvanlarda yem tüketiminin
kontrolünde, enerji homeostazisinin ve yağ depolarını düzenlemesinde ve hayvanların beslenme adaptasyonunda
önemli rolü olan bir hormondur. Leptin hayvanların yetersiz beslenmeye karşı adaptasyonunda etkili olarak, iştahın
düzenlenmesi yanında enerjinin depolanması ve kullanılması ile üreme ve bağışıklık sistemi için gerekli bir protein
niteliği göstermektedir. Vücut ağırlığı dengesi, leptin aracılığı ile sağlanmaktadır. Leptin sentezinin düzenlenmesi
adiposit miktarı ile doğru orantılı olarak değişmektedir. Ruminantlarda leptin düzeyi beslenme ve zyolojik
endokrin faktörler üzerine de etkili olmaktadır. Son yıllarda çiftlik hayvanlarında yapılan önemli çalışmalar
leptinin dikkate değer etkilerinin olduğu ileri sürülmüştür. Grelin ve leptin, feed-back mekanizma ile organizmada
görev yapar ve vücut ağırlığını da bu yolla kontrol altında tutar. Her iki hormonun düzeyleri organizmadaki birçok
faktöre bağlı olarak düzenlenir. Hormonların seviyeleri ise birbirleri ile zıt yönlü olarak değişebilmektedir. Sonuç
olarak bu derlemede, çiftlik hayvanlarında grelin ve leptin hormonlarının kullanımına yönelik çalışmalarla ilgili
bilgilendirme yapılarak, gelecekteki hayvancılık uygulamaları ile yapılacak çalışmalar için bilgiler sunulmuştur.





Kaynakça

  • Ahima RS, Prabakaran D, Mantzoros C, Qu D, Lowell B, Maratos- Flier E, Flier JS, 1996. Role of leptin in the neuroendocrine response to fasting. Nature, 382: 250-252.
  • Arıkan F, Uysal H, 2011. Sağlıkta ve Hastalıkta Ghrelin’in Rolü, Lalahan Hay Arast Enst. Derg, 51 (1): 41-53.
  • Arvat E, Di Vito L, Broglio F, Papotti M, Muccioli G, Dieguez C, Casanueva FF, Deghenghi R, Camanni, F, Ghigo E, 2000. Preliminary evidence that Ghrelin, the natural GH secretagogue (GHS)-receptor ligand, strongly stimulates GH secretion in humans, J Endocrinol Invest, 23: 493–495
  • Arvat E, Maccario M, Di Vito L, Broglio F, Benso A, Gottero C, Papotti M, Muccioli G, Dieguez C, Casanueva FF, Deghenghi R, Camanni F, Ghigo E 2001. Endocrine activities of ghrelin, a natural growth hormone secretagogue (GHS), in humans: comparison and interactions with hexarelin, a nonnatural peptidyl GHS, and GH-releasing hormone. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 86 : 1169–1174
  • Auwerx J, Staels B, 1998. Leptin. The Lancet, 351: 737-742.
  • Aydin S, 2007. Grelin Hormonunun Keş : Araştırmaları ve Klinik Uygulamaları, Türk Biyokimya Dergisi, 32 (2): 76–89. Aydin S, Aydin S, Ozkan Y, Kumru S. 2006a. Grelin is present in human colostrum, transitional and mature milk. Peptides. 27: 878-882.
  • Aydin S, Ozercan İH, Dagli F, Aydin S, Kumru S, Kilic N, Sahin İ, Ozercan MR. 2007 Grelin is present in human teeth. J Biochem Mol Biol. (accepted).
  • Aydin S, Ozkan Y, Caylak E, Aydin S, 2006b. Grelin and its biochemical functions. Turkiye Klinikleri. J Med Sci. 26: 272- 283.
  • Bado A, Levasseur S, Le Marchand-Brustel Y, Lewin MJM 1998. The stomach is a source of Leptin, Nature, 394: 790-793.
  • Baile CA, Della-Fera MA, Martin RJ, 2000. Regulation of metabolism and body fat mass by leptin. Annual Review of Nutrition, 20: 105-127.
  • Barb CR, Hausmane GJ, Houseknecht KL, 2001. Biology of leptin in the pig. Domestic Animal Endocrinology, 21: 297-317.
  • Barreiro ML, Gaytan F, Caminos JE, Pinilla L, Casanueva FF, Aguilar E, Dieguez C, Tena-Sempere M, 2002: Cellular location and hormonal regulation of ghrelin expression in rat testis. Biology of Reproduction, 67: 1768–1776.
  • Bartness TJ, Bamshad M 1998. Innervation of mammalian white adipose tissue: implications for the regulation of total body fat. American Journal of Physiology, 275: 1399-1411.
  • Baudet ML, Harvey S, 2003. Ghrelin-induced GH secretion in domestic fowl in vivo and in vitro, Journal of Endocrinology, 179: 97–105.
  • Bennet BD, Solar GP, Yuan JO, Thomas GR, 1996. A role for leptin and its cognate receptor in haematopoiesis. Curr Biol, 6: 1170- 1180.
  • Bowers CY, Momany F, Reynolds GA, Chang D, Hong A, Chang K, 1980. Structure-activity relationships of a syntheticpentapeptide that speci cally releases growthhormone in vitro. Endocrinology, 106: 663–667
  • Bowers CY, Momany F, Reynolds GA, Hong A, 1984. On the in vitro and in vivo activity of a new synthetic hexapeptide that acts on the pituitary to speci cally release growth hormone. Endocrinology, 114: 1537–1545
  • Caprio M, Fabbrini E, Isidori AM, Aversa A, Fabbri A, 2001. Leptin in reproduction. Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism, 12: 65-72.
  • Cha MC, Jones PJ, 1998. Dietary fat type and energy restriction interactively in uence plasma leptin concentration in rats. Journal of Lipit Research, 39: 1655-1660.
  • Chehab FF, Lim ME, Lu R, 1996. Correction of the sterility defect in homozygous obese female mice by treatment with the human recombinant Leptin. Nat Genet, 12: 318-320.
  • Chelikani PK, Ambrose JD, Keisler DH, Kennelly JJ, 2004. Effect of short term fasting on plasma concentrations of leptin and other hormones and metabolites in dairy cattle. Domestic Animal Endocrinology, 26: 33-48.
  • Chilliard Y, Bonnet M, Delavaud C, Faulconniera Y, Lerouxb C, Djianec J, Bocquierd F, 2001. Leptin in ruminants. Gene expression in adipose tissue and mammary gland, and regulation of plasma concentration. Dom Anim Endocrinol, 21: 271–295.
  • Chilliard Y, Ferlay A, Faulconnier Y, Bonnet M, Rouel J, Bocquier F, 2000. Adipose tissue metabolism and its role in adaptations to undernutrition in ruminants. Proceedings of The Nutrition Society, 59: 127-134.
  • Christos S, Mantzoros MD, 1999. The role of leptin in human obesity and disease: A review of current evidience. Ann Intern Med, 13: 671-680.
  • Comba A, 2014. Farklı koyun ırklarında leptin ve lipit pro li düzeylerinin belirlenmesi, YYÜ Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Biyokimya Anabilim Dalı Doktora Tezi, Van, 2014.
  • Cummings DE, Purnell JQ, Frayo RS, Schmidova K, Wisse BE, Weigle DS, 2001. A preprandial rise in plasma ghrelin levels suggests a role in meal initiation in humans. Diabetes, 50: 1714–1719
  • Date Y, Nakazato M, Hashiguchi S, Dezaki K, Mondal MS, Hosoda H, Kojima M, Kangawa K, Arima T, Matsuo H, Yada T, Matsukura S, 2002. Ghrelin is present in pancreatic alpha- cells of humans and rats and stimulates insulin secretion. Diabetes, 51: 124–129.
  • Date Y, Nakazato M, Murakami N, Kojima M, Kangawa K, Matsukura S, 2001. Ghrelin acts in the central nervous system to stimulate gastric acid secretion. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 280: 904–907
  • Delavaud C, Bocquier F, Chilliard Y, Keisler DH, Gertler A, Kann G, 2000. Plasma leptin determination in ruminants: effect of nutritional status and body fatness on plasma leptin concentration assessed by a speci c RIA in sheep. Journal of Endocrinology, 165: 519-526.
  • Delavaud C, Ferlay A, Faulconnier Y, Bocquier F, Kann G, Chilliard Y, 2002. Plasma leptin concentration in adult cattle: effects of breed, adiposity, feeding level, and meal intake. J Anim Sci, 80: 1317-1328.
  • Dornonville De La Cour C, Lindstrom E, Norlen P, Hakanson R, 2004. Ghrelin stimulates gastric emptying but is without effect on acid secretion and gastric endocrine cells. Regul Pept, 120: 23–32
  • Dulloo AG, Stock MJ, Solinas G, Boss O, Montani JP, Seydoux J, 2002. Leptin directly stimulates thermogenesis in skeletal muscle. FEBS Letters, 515: 109-113.
  • Friedman JM, Halaas JL, 1998. Leptin and the regulation of body weight in mammals. Nature, 395: 763-70. Fruhbeck G, Jebb SA, Prentice AM, 1998. Leptin: physiology and pathophysiology. Clinical Physiology, 18: 399-419.
  • Garcia MR, Amstalden M, Keisler DH, Raver N, Gertler A, Williams GL, 2004. Leptin attenuates the acute effects of centrally administered neuropeptide Y on somatotropin but not gonadotropin secretion in ovariectomized cows. Domest Anim Endocrinol, 27: 89.
  • Gnanapavan S, Kola B, Bustin SA, Morris DG, Mcgee P, Fairclough P, Bhattacharya S, Carpenter R, Grossman AB, Korbonits M, 2002. The tissue distribution of the mRNA of ghrelin and subtypes of its receptor, GHS-R, in humans. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 87: 2988- 2991
  • Goumenou AG, Matalliotakis IM, Koumantakis GE, Panidis DK, 2002. The role of leptin in fertility. European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, 106: 118-124,
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  • Iqbal J, Kurose Y, Canny B, Clarke LJ, 2006. Effects of central ınfusion of ghrelin on food ıntake and plasma levels of growth hormone, luteinizing hormone, prolactin, and cortisol secretion in sheep, Endocrinology, 147(1): 510–519.
  • Itoh F, Komatsu T, Yonai M, Sugino T, Kojima M, Kangawa K, Hasegawa Y, Terashima Y, Hodate K, 2004. GH secretory responses to ghrelin and GHRH in growing and lactating dairy cattle, Domestic Animal Endocrinology, 28: 34-45.
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  • Yıldız S, Blache D, Çelebi F, Kaya I, Saatçi M, Çenesiz M, Güven B, 2003. Effects of short-term high carbohydrate or fat intakes on leptin, growth hormone and luteinizing hormone secretions in prepubertal fat-tailed tuj lambs. Reprod Dom Anim, 38: 182-186.
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Toplam 73 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Bölüm Zootekni / Animal Science
Yazarlar

Bahat Comba

Kadir Karakuş Bu kişi benim

Arzu Comba Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Mart 2015
Gönderilme Tarihi 10 Aralık 2014
Kabul Tarihi 19 Şubat 2015
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2015 Cilt: 5 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Comba, B., Karakuş K., & Comba, A. (2015). The Usage of Ghrelin and Leptin Hormones in Livestock. Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology, 5(1), 99-105.
AMA Comba B, Karakuş K, Comba A. The Usage of Ghrelin and Leptin Hormones in Livestock. Iğdır Üniv. Fen Bil Enst. Der. Mart 2015;5(1):99-105.
Chicago Comba, Bahat, Karakuş Kadir, ve Arzu Comba. “The Usage of Ghrelin and Leptin Hormones in Livestock”. Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology 5, sy. 1 (Mart 2015): 99-105.
EndNote Comba B, Karakuş K, Comba A (01 Mart 2015) The Usage of Ghrelin and Leptin Hormones in Livestock. Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology 5 1 99–105.
IEEE B. Comba, Karakuş K., ve A. Comba, “The Usage of Ghrelin and Leptin Hormones in Livestock”, Iğdır Üniv. Fen Bil Enst. Der., c. 5, sy. 1, ss. 99–105, 2015.
ISNAD Comba, Bahat vd. “The Usage of Ghrelin and Leptin Hormones in Livestock”. Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology 5/1 (Mart 2015), 99-105.
JAMA Comba B, Karakuş K, Comba A. The Usage of Ghrelin and Leptin Hormones in Livestock. Iğdır Üniv. Fen Bil Enst. Der. 2015;5:99–105.
MLA Comba, Bahat vd. “The Usage of Ghrelin and Leptin Hormones in Livestock”. Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology, c. 5, sy. 1, 2015, ss. 99-105.
Vancouver Comba B, Karakuş K, Comba A. The Usage of Ghrelin and Leptin Hormones in Livestock. Iğdır Üniv. Fen Bil Enst. Der. 2015;5(1):99-105.