Multi-Criteria Analysis of Electric Heavy-Duty Vehicle Selection: A Fuzzy AHP-TOPSIS Framework

Öz

One of the main challenges that international road freight transport must consider in the coming period is national and international environmental regulations. One way to comply with these regulations is to convert the vehicle fleet to electric heavy-duty vehicles. However, this transformation, which requires significant capital investment, involves making the right vehicle selection, a decision with long-term implications. The aim of this study is to develop an integrated model that systematically addresses the multi-dimensional decision-making process in the selection of electric heavy-duty vehicles (EHDVs) within the context of international road freight transport. The study employs a combined approach using the fuzzy AHP and TOPSIS methods. The fuzzy AHP method was utilized in the stage of determining the weights of the criteria, while the TOPSIS method was employed in the stage of selecting the alternatives. According to the study findings, the criteria effective in EHDV selection, as determined by the fuzzy AHP analysis, are, in order of importance: load capacity, range, purchase cost, charging power, operating cost, and motor power. The TOPSIS analysis results the EHDV ranking as follows: alternative 1, alternative 2, alternative 4, alternative 5, and alternative 3. While studies on electric vehicle selection have generally focused on passenger vehicles or light-duty vehicles, this study proposes a model that can be directly applied to both academic and industrial decision-making processes by addressing the EHDV selection problem in the context of international road freight transport.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Electric truck
• electric tractor+semi-trayler
• fuzzy AHP
• TOPSIS
• green logistics
• green transportation

Elektrikli Ağır Yük Taşıma Aracı Seçiminin Çok Kriterli Analizi: Bulanık AHP-TOPSIS Çerçevesi

Öz

Uluslararası karayolu yük taşımacılığının önümüzdeki dönemde dikkate alması gereken ana zorluklardan biri ulusal ve uluslararası çevreci düzenlemelerdir. Bu düzenlemelere uyum sağlamanın yollarından biri de araç filosunu elektrikli ağır yük taşıma araçlarıyla dönüştürmektir. Ancak yüksek sermaye yatırımı isteyen bu dönüşümde doğru araç seçimi uzun dönemli etkileri olan bir karardır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, uluslararası karayolu yük taşımacılığı bağlamında elektrikli ağır yük taşıma aracı (EAYTA) seçiminde çok boyutlu karar verme sürecini sistematik bir biçimde ele alacak bütünleşmiş bir model geliştirmektir. Çalışmada bulanık AHP ve TOPSIS yöntemi bütünleşmiş bir şekilde kullanılmıştır. Kriterlerin ağırlıklarının belirlenme aşamasında Bulanık AHP yönteminden faydalanılırken alternatiflerin seçim aşamasında ise TOPSIS yönteminden faydalanılmıştır. Çalışma bulgularına göre, bulanık AHP analizi sonucunda EAYTA seçiminde etkili olan kriterler sırasıyla; yük kapasitesi, menzil, satın alma maliyeti, şarj gücü, işletme maliyeti ve motor gücüdür. TOPSIS analizi sonucu ise EAYTA sıralaması; alternatif 1, alternatif 2, alternatif 4, alternatif 5 ve alternatif 3 olarak sırlanmaktadır. Elektrikli araç seçimine yönelik yapılan çalışmalar genellikle binek araçlar veya hafif yük taşıma araçları üzerine yoğunlaşırken bu çalışma, özellikle uluslararası karayolu yük taşımacılığı bağlamında EAYTA seçim problemine yönelik bir uygulamayla hem akademik hem de endüstriyel karar süreçlerine doğrudan uygulanabilir bir model önermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Elektrikli kamyon
• elektrikli tır
• bulanık AHP
• TOPSIS
• yeşil lojistik
• yeşil taşımacılık

Kaynakça

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