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Innovations on work-life: Digitization experience with the pandemicİlker Akar11 Doktora Öğrencisi, Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi, S.B.E, İktisat Anabilim Dalı, Türkiye, e-mail: 1ilkerakar@gmail.com2 Doç. Dr., Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi, İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi, İktisat Bölümü, Türkiye, e-mail: oytunm@ogu.edu.trRESEARCH ARTICLE / ARAŞTIRMA MAKALESİContent of this journal is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.Bu derginin içeriği Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 Uluslararası Lisansı altında lisanslanmıştır.Corresponding Author/ Sorumlu Yazar:İlker AkarE-mail: 1ilkerakar@gmail.comCitation/Atıf: İLKER, A. & MEÇİK, O., (2021). Çalışma yaşamında yenilikler: Pandemi ile dijitalleşme deneyimi. Journal of Life Economics. 8(4): 403-411, DOI: 10.15637/jlecon.8.4.01Oytun Meçik2Volume / Cilt: 8, Issue / Sayı: 4, 2021, pp. 403-411E - ISSN: 2148-4139 URL: https://www.journals.gen.tr/jleconDOI: https://doi.org/10.15637/jlecon.8.4.01JLCOReceived / Geliş: 14.05.2021Acccepted / Kabul: 18.08.2021Öz21. yüzyılda dünya ekonomisindeki dijitalleşme süreci COVID-19 pandemisi ile büyük bir hız kazanmıştır. Pandemi sağlık, eğitim, ekonomi gibi birçok alandaki düzeni alt üst etmiş ve dönüşümün itici gücünü oluşturmuştur. Dijitalleşme süreci, uzaktan çalışma modelinin iş ve çalışma yaşamına girmesine ve dünyada birçok çalışan ve işyeri için tercih edilen bir yöntem olmasına yol açmıştır. Uzaktan çalışma modelinin nihai olarak çalışanlara yönelik etkileri ve getirdiği yenilikler ise incelemeye değer bir konudur. Bu çalışmada Sanayi 4.0 kapsamındaki dijitalleşme sürecine eklenen pandemi deneyiminin iş ve çalışma yaşamına yönelik etkileri incelenmiştir. Çalışma yeni koşullarda istihdamın belirleyicilerini ortaya koymaya, yeni iş modellerini değerlendirmeye, geleceğin mesleklerine ışık tutmaya ve bunlara yönelik gerekli eğitim düzenlemelerini tartışmaya odaklanır. Anahtar kelimeler: Post-COVID, iş ve çalışma koşulları, uzaktan çalışma JEL kodları: I00, J21, M50AbstractIn the 21st century, the digitalization process in the world economy has accelerated with the COVID-19 pandemic. The pandemic has created the driving force of transformation by upsetting the order in many areas such as health, education, and the economy. The digitalization process has led to the inclusion of the remote working model in business and working life and to become a preferred method for many employees and firms around the world. The effects and innovations of the remote working model on employees are an important issue. In this study, the effects of the pandemic experience, which has become a part of the digitalization process within the scope of Industry 4.0, on business and working life have been examined. The study focuses on revealing the determinants of employment in new conditions, evaluating new business models, explaining future professions, and discussing the necessary education system.Keywords: Post-COVID, working conditions, remote workingJEL codes: I00, J21, M50

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 4, 403 - 411, 31.10.2021

Öz

In the 21st century, the digitalization process in the world economy has accelerated with the COVID-19 pandemic. The pandemic has created the driving force of transformation by upsetting the order in many areas such as health, education, and the economy. The digitalization process has led to the inclusion of the remote working model in business and working life and to become a preferred method for many employees and firms around the world. The effects and innovations of the remote working model on employees are an important issue. In this study, the effects of the pandemic experience, which has become a part of the digitalization process within the scope of Industry 4.0, on business and working life have been examined. The study focuses on revealing the determinants of employment in new conditions, evaluating new business models, explaining future professions, and discussing the necessary education system.

Kaynakça

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  • ALÇIN, S. (2016). Üretim İçin Yeni Bir İzlek: Sanayi 4.0. Journal of Life Economics, (3): 19-30.
  • ALLEN, T.D., GOLDEN, T.D., & SHOCKLEY, K.M. (2015). How Effective is Telecommuting? Assessing the Status of Our Scientific Findings. Psychological Science in the Public Interest, 16(2), 40–68.
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  • CASTELVECCHI, D., (2016). Can We Open the Black Box of AI? Nature News. 538(7623), 20–23.
  • CHAO, G. T., KOZLOWSKI, S. W. (1986). Employee Perceptions on the Implementation of Robotic Manufacturing Technology. Journal of Applied Psychology, 71(1), 70–76.
  • CHUI, M., MANYIKA, J., MIREMADI, M. (2015). Four Fundamentals of Workplace Automation. The McKinsey Quarterly, 29(3), 1–9.
  • CBI (Confederation of British Industry) (1999). Making Employability Work: an Agenda for Action. London: CBI.
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  • DAVY, J., KINICKI, A., SCHECK, C. (1997). A Test of Job Security's Direct and Mediated Effects on Withdrawal Cognitions [online]. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 18(4), 323-349., http://www.jstor.org/stable/3100180 [Erişim Tarihi: 14.04.2021].
  • DEKKER, F., SALOMONS, A., & WAAL, J. V. D. (2017). Fear of Robots at Work: The Role of Economic Self-Interest. Socio-Economic Review, 15(3), 539–562.
  • DOĞRU, B. N.; MEÇİK, O. (2018). Türkiye'de Endüstri 4.0'ın İşgücü Piyasasına Etkileri: Firma Beklentileri. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi. 23(Endüstri 4.0 ve Örgütsel Değişim Özel Sayısı), 1581-1606,
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  • FLEXJOBS. (2017). Remote Work Grows 159% Since 2005: FlexJobs & GWA Report. FlexJobs Job Search Tips and Blog.
  • FISHER, K.; FISHER, M. (2001). The Distance Manager- A hands-on Guide to Managing Off-Site Employees and Virtual Teams. McGraw-Hill: New York, NY.
  • GREENHALGH, L., & ROSENBLATT, Z. (1984). Job Insecurity: Toward Conceptual Clarity. Academy of Management Review. 9(3), 438–448.
  • GURSTEIN, P. (2001). Wired to the World, Chained to the Home: Telework in Daily Life. Vancouver: UBC Press.
  • HERTEL, G.; GEISTER, S.; KONRADT, U. (2001), Managing Virtual Teams: A Review of Current Empirical Research. Human Resource Management Review, (15), 69–95.
  • HIRST, T. (2014). Does Technological Innovation Increase Unemployment? The World Economic Forum Blog [online], Agenda Retrieved (https://agenda.weforum.org/2014/11/does-technologicalinnovationincreaseunemployment/?utm_content=bufferccfe2&utm_medium=social&utm_source=facebook.com&utm_campaign=buffer, [Erişim Tarihi: 13.04.2021].
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  • IVANOV, S. (2017). Robonomics: Principles, Benefits, Challenges, Solutions, Yearbook of Varna University of Management. 10, 283–293.
  • JONES, J. M. (2015). In U.S., Telecommuting for Work Climbs to 37%. Gallup. [online], https://news.gallup.com/poll/184649/telecommuting-work-climbs.aspx [Erişim Tarihi: 11.07.2021].
  • KALLEBERG, A. L. (2012). Job Quality and Precarious Work: Clarifications, Controversies, and Challenges. Work and Occupations, 39(4), 427– 448.
  • KESKİN, H. (2020). Yeni Normalde Sektörlerin Geleceği ve Firmaların Dönüşümü. Küresel Salgının Anatomisi: İnsan ve Toplumun Geleceği. Ed. M. Şeker, A. Özer, C. Korkut. ss. 452-472. Ankara: TÜBA.
  • KANTROWITZ, A. (2020). Twitter Will Allow Employees to Work at Home Forever. BuzzFeed News.
  • KOLBJØRNSRUD, V., AMICO, R., THOMAS, R. J. (2016). The Promise of Artificial Intelligence: Redefining Management in the Workforce of the Future. Accenture Institute for High Performance Business [online], https://www.accenture.com/_acnmedia/PDF-19/AI_in_Management_Report, [Erişim Tarihi:25.04.2021].
  • KRUGMAN, P. (2009). Bir Liberalin Vicdanı. Çeviren: N. Domaniç. İstanbul: Literatür Yayıncılık.
  • KURLAND, N.B.; BAILEY, D.E. (1999). Telework: The Advantages and Challenges of Working Here, There, Anywhere, and Anytime. Organizational Dynamics. 28(2), 53–68.
  • LICHTENTHALER, U. (2018). Substitute or Synthesis: the Interplay between Human and Artificial Intelligence. Research-Technology Management. 61(5), 12–14.
  • MASLOW, A. H. (1943). A Theory of Human Motivation. Psychological Review. 4 (50), 370–396.
  • McCLURE, P. K. (2018). You’re Fired, Says the Robot: The Rise of Automation in the Workplace, Technophobes, and Fears of Unemployment. Social Science Computer Review, 36(2), 139–156.
  • MEÇİK, O. (2021). Gelecek Ne Getirecek? Türkiye'de İşgücü Piyasası Dinamikleri. Gelecekte Ekonomi içinde. Ed. S. Alçın, B. Erdil Şahin, D. D. Dereli, M. Hamzaoğlu & İ. Ertek. ss. 561-585. İstanbul: İstanbul Kültür Üniversitesi Yayınları.
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Çalışma yaşamında yenilikler: Pandemi ile dijitalleşme deneyimi

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 4, 403 - 411, 31.10.2021

Öz

21. yüzyılda dünya ekonomisindeki dijitalleşme süreci COVID-19 pandemisi ile büyük bir hız kazanmıştır. Pandemi sağlık, eğitim, ekonomi gibi birçok alandaki düzeni alt üst etmiş ve dönüşümün itici gücünü oluşturmuştur. Dijitalleşme süreci, uzaktan çalışma modelinin iş ve çalışma yaşamına girmesine ve dünyada birçok çalışan ve işyeri için tercih edilen bir yöntem olmasına yol açmıştır. Uzaktan çalışma modelinin nihai olarak çalışanlara yönelik etkileri ve getirdiği yenilikler ise incelemeye değer bir konudur. Bu çalışmada Sanayi 4.0 kapsamındaki dijitalleşme sürecine eklenen pandemi deneyiminin iş ve çalışma yaşamına yönelik etkileri incelenmiştir. Çalışma yeni koşullarda istihdamın belirleyicilerini ortaya koymaya, yeni iş modellerini değerlendirmeye, geleceğin mesleklerine ışık tutmaya ve bunlara yönelik gerekli eğitim düzenlemelerini tartışmaya odaklanır.

Kaynakça

  • AGRAWAL, A. K., GANS, J. S., GOLDFARB, A. (2017). What to Expect from Artificial Intelligence. MIT Sloan Management Review. (Spring), 23-26.
  • AKTAŞ, M. T. (2021). Sürdürülebilir İnsani Kalkınma, Toplum 5.0 ve Yapay Zekâ. Gelecekte Ekonomi içinde. Ed. S. Alçın, B. Erdil Şahin, D. D. Dereli, M. Hamzaoğlu & İ. Ertek. ss. 107-132. İstanbul: İstanbul Kültür Üniversitesi Yayınları.
  • ALÇIN, S. (2016). Üretim İçin Yeni Bir İzlek: Sanayi 4.0. Journal of Life Economics, (3): 19-30.
  • ALLEN, T.D., GOLDEN, T.D., & SHOCKLEY, K.M. (2015). How Effective is Telecommuting? Assessing the Status of Our Scientific Findings. Psychological Science in the Public Interest, 16(2), 40–68.
  • BIRON, M.; VAN VELDHOVEN, M. (2016). When Control Becomes a Liability Rather Than an Asset: Comparing Home and Office Days Among Part-Time Teleworkers. Jounal of. Organizational Behavior, 8(37), 1317–1337.
  • BOWEN, H. R. (1966). Report of the National Commission on Technology, Automation, and Economic Progress. Washington: Volume 1, U.S. Government Printing Office.
  • BROUGHAM, D., HAAR, J. (2018). Smart Technology, Artificial Intelligence, Robotics, and Algorithms (STARA Employees’ Perceptions of Our Future Workplace). Journal of Management & Organization, 24(2), 239–257.
  • CASTELVECCHI, D., (2016). Can We Open the Black Box of AI? Nature News. 538(7623), 20–23.
  • CHAO, G. T., KOZLOWSKI, S. W. (1986). Employee Perceptions on the Implementation of Robotic Manufacturing Technology. Journal of Applied Psychology, 71(1), 70–76.
  • CHUI, M., MANYIKA, J., MIREMADI, M. (2015). Four Fundamentals of Workplace Automation. The McKinsey Quarterly, 29(3), 1–9.
  • CBI (Confederation of British Industry) (1999). Making Employability Work: an Agenda for Action. London: CBI.
  • DAVENPORT, T. H., RONANKI, R. (2018). Artificial Intelligence for the Real World. Harvard Business Review. 96(1), 108–116.
  • DAVY, J., KINICKI, A., SCHECK, C. (1997). A Test of Job Security's Direct and Mediated Effects on Withdrawal Cognitions [online]. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 18(4), 323-349., http://www.jstor.org/stable/3100180 [Erişim Tarihi: 14.04.2021].
  • DEKKER, F., SALOMONS, A., & WAAL, J. V. D. (2017). Fear of Robots at Work: The Role of Economic Self-Interest. Socio-Economic Review, 15(3), 539–562.
  • DOĞRU, B. N.; MEÇİK, O. (2018). Türkiye'de Endüstri 4.0'ın İşgücü Piyasasına Etkileri: Firma Beklentileri. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi. 23(Endüstri 4.0 ve Örgütsel Değişim Özel Sayısı), 1581-1606,
  • EDUCAUSE (2020). “2020 EDUCAUSE Horizon Report” [online], https://library.educause.edu/resources/2020/3/2020-educause-horizon-report-teaching-and-learning-edition [Erişim Tarihi: 12.04.2021].
  • EUROSTAT. (2018). “Working from Home in the EU”. [online], https://ec.europa.eu/ eurostat/web/products-eurostat-news/-/DDN-20180620-1 [Erişim Tarihi: 11.07.2021].
  • ERDİL ŞAHİN, B. & ÖZIŞIK, T. (2021). “Dijital Çağda Türkiye’nin İşgücü Yetkinlikleri ve Z Kuşağı”, Gelecekte Ekonomi içinde. Ed. S. Alçın, B. Erdil Şahin, D. D. Dereli, M. Hamzaoğlu & İ. Ertek. ss. 395-423. İstanbul: İstanbul Kültür Üniversitesi Yayınları.
  • FAST, E.; HORVITZ, E. (2017). Long-term trends in the public perception of artificial intelligence. In Proceedings of the Thirty-First AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI'17). AAAI Press, 963–969.
  • FLEXJOBS. (2017). Remote Work Grows 159% Since 2005: FlexJobs & GWA Report. FlexJobs Job Search Tips and Blog.
  • FISHER, K.; FISHER, M. (2001). The Distance Manager- A hands-on Guide to Managing Off-Site Employees and Virtual Teams. McGraw-Hill: New York, NY.
  • GREENHALGH, L., & ROSENBLATT, Z. (1984). Job Insecurity: Toward Conceptual Clarity. Academy of Management Review. 9(3), 438–448.
  • GURSTEIN, P. (2001). Wired to the World, Chained to the Home: Telework in Daily Life. Vancouver: UBC Press.
  • HERTEL, G.; GEISTER, S.; KONRADT, U. (2001), Managing Virtual Teams: A Review of Current Empirical Research. Human Resource Management Review, (15), 69–95.
  • HIRST, T. (2014). Does Technological Innovation Increase Unemployment? The World Economic Forum Blog [online], Agenda Retrieved (https://agenda.weforum.org/2014/11/does-technologicalinnovationincreaseunemployment/?utm_content=bufferccfe2&utm_medium=social&utm_source=facebook.com&utm_campaign=buffer, [Erişim Tarihi: 13.04.2021].
  • ILI, S., & LICHTENTHALER, U. (2017). Das Ende des Traditionellen Bankwesens? Hoffentlich! In R. Smolinski, M. Gerdes, M. Siejca, M. C. Bodek (Eds.), Innovationen und Innovationsmanagement in der Finanzbranche, Wiesbaden: Springer Gabler, 21–36.
  • IVANOV, S. (2017). Robonomics: Principles, Benefits, Challenges, Solutions, Yearbook of Varna University of Management. 10, 283–293.
  • JONES, J. M. (2015). In U.S., Telecommuting for Work Climbs to 37%. Gallup. [online], https://news.gallup.com/poll/184649/telecommuting-work-climbs.aspx [Erişim Tarihi: 11.07.2021].
  • KALLEBERG, A. L. (2012). Job Quality and Precarious Work: Clarifications, Controversies, and Challenges. Work and Occupations, 39(4), 427– 448.
  • KESKİN, H. (2020). Yeni Normalde Sektörlerin Geleceği ve Firmaların Dönüşümü. Küresel Salgının Anatomisi: İnsan ve Toplumun Geleceği. Ed. M. Şeker, A. Özer, C. Korkut. ss. 452-472. Ankara: TÜBA.
  • KANTROWITZ, A. (2020). Twitter Will Allow Employees to Work at Home Forever. BuzzFeed News.
  • KOLBJØRNSRUD, V., AMICO, R., THOMAS, R. J. (2016). The Promise of Artificial Intelligence: Redefining Management in the Workforce of the Future. Accenture Institute for High Performance Business [online], https://www.accenture.com/_acnmedia/PDF-19/AI_in_Management_Report, [Erişim Tarihi:25.04.2021].
  • KRUGMAN, P. (2009). Bir Liberalin Vicdanı. Çeviren: N. Domaniç. İstanbul: Literatür Yayıncılık.
  • KURLAND, N.B.; BAILEY, D.E. (1999). Telework: The Advantages and Challenges of Working Here, There, Anywhere, and Anytime. Organizational Dynamics. 28(2), 53–68.
  • LICHTENTHALER, U. (2018). Substitute or Synthesis: the Interplay between Human and Artificial Intelligence. Research-Technology Management. 61(5), 12–14.
  • MASLOW, A. H. (1943). A Theory of Human Motivation. Psychological Review. 4 (50), 370–396.
  • McCLURE, P. K. (2018). You’re Fired, Says the Robot: The Rise of Automation in the Workplace, Technophobes, and Fears of Unemployment. Social Science Computer Review, 36(2), 139–156.
  • MEÇİK, O. (2021). Gelecek Ne Getirecek? Türkiye'de İşgücü Piyasası Dinamikleri. Gelecekte Ekonomi içinde. Ed. S. Alçın, B. Erdil Şahin, D. D. Dereli, M. Hamzaoğlu & İ. Ertek. ss. 561-585. İstanbul: İstanbul Kültür Üniversitesi Yayınları.
  • MEÇİK, O.; AYTUN, U. (2020). COVID-19 Döneminde Eşitsizlikler: Çalışma İçerikleri ve Ücretler. Emek Araştırma Dergisi. 11, 1-26.
  • MITCHELL, D. (2017). 50 Top Tools for Employee Engagement: A Complete Toolkit for Improving Motivation and Productivity. London: Kogan Page.
  • NAM, T. (2019). Technology usage expected job sustainability, and perceived job insecurity. Technological Forecasting and Social Change. 138, 155–165.
  • ÖZCAN, N. (2020). Küresel Sorunlara Ancak İnsan Odaklı Bir Yaklaşımla Cevap Verebiliriz. İktisat ve Toplum. 113, 17-21.
  • MOKHTARIAN, P.L., SALOMON, I., & CHOO, S. (2005). Measuring the Measurable: Why Can’t We Agree on the Number of Telecommuters in the U.S.? Quality and Quantity, 39(4), 423–452.
  • MULLENWEG, M. (2020). Coronavirus and the Remote Work Experiment No One Asked For. Matt Mullenweg, [online], https://ma.tt/2020/03/coronavirusremote-work/ [Erişim Tarihi: 11.07.2021].
  • POULSEN, S.; IPSEN, C., (2017). In Times of Change: How Distance Managers Can Ensure Employees’ Wellbeing and Organizational Performance. Safety Science. 100, 37–45.
  • PLASTINO, E.; PURDY, M. (2018). Game Changing Value from Artificial Intelligence: Eight Strategies. Strategy & Leadership, 46(1), 16–22.
  • RAGHURAM, S., HILL, N.S., GIBBS, J.L., & MARUPING, L.M. (2018), Virtual Work: Bridging Research Clusters. Academy of Management Annals, 13(1), 308–341.
  • RAJ, M., & SEAMANS, R. (2019). Primer on Artificial Intelligence and Robotics. Journal of Organization Design, 8(1), 11.
  • SAK, G. (2020). Çalışma Biçimleri ve Teknolojik Değişim. Salgın Ekonomisi. Ed. Ö. F. Çolak. ss. 349-361. Ankara: Efil Yayınları.
  • SCHWAB, K. (2016). Dördüncü Sanayi Devrimi. Çeviren: Z. Dicleli. İstanbul: Optimist Yayım Dağıtım.
  • SCHWAB, K. & DAVIS, N. (2018). Dördüncü Sanayi Devrimini Şekillendirmek, Çeviren: N. Özata. İstanbul: Optimist Yayım Dağıtım.
  • SCHWEITZER, L., & DUXBURY, L. (2010). Conceptualizing and Measuring the Virtuality of Teams. Information Systems Journal, 20(3), 267–295.
  • SUARTA, I. M., SUWINTANA, I. K., SUDHANA, I. F. P., & HARIYANTI, N. K. D. (2017). Employability Skills Required by the 21st Century Workplace: a Literature Review of Labor Market Demand. In International Conference on Technology and Vocational Teachers. Atlantis Press.
  • ŞANLISOY, S. (2015). Türk Cumhuriyetlerinin Bilgi Ekonomisi Analizi. Optimum Ekonomi ve Yönetim Bilimleri Dergisi. 2(2), 101-122.
  • T.C. KALKINMA BAKANLIĞI, (2018). Dijital Ekonomide Meslekler ve Yetkinlikler, https://www.sbb.gov.tr/wpcontent/uploads/2020/04/DijitalEkonomideMeslekler_ve_YetkinliklerCalismaGrubuRaporu [Erişim Tarihi: 12.04.2021].
  • WEBSTER, C.; IVANOV, S. H. (2019). Robotics, Artificial Intelligence, and the Evolving Nature of Work. In Business transformation in data driven societies. Eds. B. George & J. Paul Cham: Palgrave-MacMillan.
  • WISSKIRCHEN, G., BIACABE, B. T., BORMANN, U., MUNTZ, A., NIEHAUS, G., SOLER, G. J., & VON BRAUCHITSCH, B. (2017). Artificial Intelligence and Robotics and Their Impact on the Workplace. IBA Global Employment Institute, 2012–2017.
  • WORLD ECONOMIC FORUM. (2018). The Future of Jobs Report 2018. Geneva: World Economic Forum, (http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_Future_of_Jobs2018)
Toplam 58 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular İş Sistemleri, İşletme
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

İlker Akar Bu kişi benim 0000-0002-8734-7140

Oytun Meçik Bu kişi benim 0000-0002-7409-6266

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Ekim 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Cilt: 8 Sayı: 4

Kaynak Göster

APA Akar, İ., & Meçik, O. (2021). Çalışma yaşamında yenilikler: Pandemi ile dijitalleşme deneyimi. Journal of Life Economics, 8(4), 403-411.