Türk Anne ve Babaların Çocuklarına Yönelttikleri Dil: Çift-Biçimli Sözel İfadeler Üzerinden Bir Karşılaştırma

Öz

Çocuğa Yöneltilen Dil (ÇYD) kullanımlarında anne ve baba farklılıkları, son otuz yıldır araştırmacıların dikkatini çekmektedir. Bu çalışma da anne ve baba ÇYD kullanımlarını çocuklara seslenme biçimleri çerçevesinden betimlemeye çalışmaktadır. Türk anne ve babaların kullandıkları çift-biçimli sözel ifadeler, elli çift ebeveyn (toplam yüz katılımcı) ile yapılan görüşmeler sonrasında oluşturulan veri tabanı üzerinden karşılaştırılmıştır. Ebeveyn görüşmeleri üzerinden betimleyici sonuçlar çıkarılmıştır. Sonuçlara göre, hem anne hem de babalar çocuklarına olumlu duygular aktaran olumlu ifadeler ile hitap etmektedirler. Her iki cinsiyetten ebeveynler çocuklarına hakaret sayılabilecek türde takma adlarla da hitap etmektedirler. Otuz anne ve ondört baba ÇYD’lerinde çift-biçimli sözel ifadeler kullanmışlardır; bu, annelerin babalarla karşılaştırıldığında, olumlu duygularını çocuklarına daha agresif bir tavırla yansıttıklarını göstermektedir.  

Anahtar sözcükler: Çocuğa yöneltilen dil, çift-biçimli sözel ifadeler, anne-baba farklılıkları

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Çocuğa Yöneltilen Dil,Çift-Biçimli Sözel İfadeler,Anne-Baba Farklılıkları

Child-Directed Speech of Turkish Mothers and Fathers: A Comparison Based on the Dimorphous Verbal Expression Use

Öz

The differing Child-Directed Speech (CDS) features of mothers and fathers have been gaining attention of researchers since thirty years. This study also tries to describe mother and father CDSs from the framework of addressing terms to children. The dimorphous verbal expressions uttered by Turkish mothers and fathers are compared on the basis of a data base created from interviews with fifty parent pairs (a hundred participants in total). Qualitative results from those parent interviews are described. According to the results, both mothers and fathers use positive verbal expressions which convey positive emotions to their children. Parents from two genders also use nicknames which can be considered as swearwords. Thirty mothers and fourteen fathers used dimorphous verbal expressions in their CDS; this can be interpreted that when compared to fathers, mothers reflect positive emotions to children in a reverse manner more often.

Keywords: Child-directed speech, dimorphous verbal expression, mother-father differences

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Child-directed speech,dimorphous verbal expression,mother-father differences

Kaynakça

1. Aragon, O. R. et al. (2015). Dimorphous Expressions of Positive Emotion: Displays of Both care and Agression in Response to Cute Stimuli. Psychological Science, 26 (3), 259-273
2. Bohannon, J. N. and Stanowicz, L. B. (1988). The Issue of Negative Evidence: Adult Responses to Children’s Language Errors. Developmental Psychology, 24 (5), 684-689
3. Clearfield, M. W. and Nelson, N. M. (2006). Sex Differences in Mother’s Speech and Play Behavior with 6-, 9-, and 14-Month-Old Infants. Sex Roles, 54 (1/2), 127-137
4. Çetintaş Yıldırım, F. (2017). Bebeklere Yöneltilen Dil Kullanımlarında Çift-Biçimli (Dimorphous) İfadeler: Türkçe-İngilizce Sosyal Medya Örnekleminden Karşılaştırmalar. Makaroğlu, B., Bekar, İ. P. and Arıca Akkök, E. (Eds.). 30. Ulusal Dilblim Kurultayı Bildirileri, 241-248. Ankara: Dilbilim Derneği Yayınları
5. Davis, R. N: et al. (2010). Farthers’ Depression Related to Positive and Negative Parenting Behaviors with 1-Year-Old Children. Pediatrics, 127 (4), 612-618
6. Döpke, S. (1990). Are Mothers Really The Main Mediators of Language? In, Halliday, M. A. K., Gibbons, J and Nicholas, H. (Eds.). Learning, Keeping and Using Language, 101-115. Amsterdam: John Benjamins
7. Fernández, E. M. and Cairns, H. S. (2010). Fundamentals of Psycholinguistics. West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell
8. Golinkoff, R. M. and Ames, G. J. (1979). A Comparison of Fathers’ and Mothers’ Speech with Their Young Children. Child Development, 50, 28-32

9. Hladik, E. G. and Edwards, H. T. (1984). A Comparative Analysis of Mother-Father Speech in The Naturalistic Home Environment. Journal of Psycholinguistic Research, 13 (5), 321-332
10. Hoff, E. (2006). How Social Contexts Support and Shape Language Development. Developmental Review, 26, 55-88
11. Lamb, M. E. and Lewis, C. (2010). The Development and Significance of Father-Child Relationships in Two-Parent Families. In, Lamb, M. E. (Ed.). The Role of The Father in Child Development, 94-153. New Jersey: Wiley
12. Leaper, C. and Gleason, J. B. (1996). The Relationship of Play activity and Gender to Parent and Child Sex-Typed Communication. International Journal of Behavioral Development,19 (4), 689-703
13. Lewis, C. and Lamb, M. E. (2003). Fathers’ Influences on Children’s Development: The Evidence from Two-Parent Families. European Journal of Psychology of education, 18 (2), 211-228
14. Mc Laughlin, B. et al. (1983). Mothers’ and Fathers’ Speech to Their Young Children: Similar or Different? Journal of Child Language, 10, 245-252
15. Papoušek, M. et al. (1987). Didactic Adjustments in Fathers’ and Mothers’ Speech to Their 3-Month-Old Infants. Journal of Psycholinguistic Research, 16 (5), 491-516
16. Rondal, J. A. (1980). Fathers’ and Mothers’ Speech in Early Language Development. Journal of Child Language, 7 (2), 353-369
17. Rowe, M. L. (2008). Child Directed Speech: Relation to Socioeconomic Status, Knowledge of Child development and Child Vocabulary Skill. Journal of Child Language, 35:1, 185-205
18. Tamis-Le Monda, C. S. et al. (1996). Responsive Parenting in The Second Year: Specific Influences on Children’s Language and Play. Early Development and Parenting,5, 173-183
19. Vogt, P. et al. (2015). Communicative Intentions of Child-Directed Speech in Three Different Learning Environments: Observations from The Netherlands, and Rural and Urban Mozambique. First Language, 35 (4-5), 341-358
20. Warren-Leubecker, A. and Bohannon, J. N. (1984). Intonation Patterns in Child-Directed Speech: Mother-father Differences. Child Development, 55 (4), 1379-1385