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Revisiting the socio-educational model of second language acquisition in Turkish tertiary EFL context
The
aim of this study is to analyze and determine the various socio-psychological
orientations of undergraduate students in learning English as a Foreign
Language (EFL) to have a comprehensive overview. The study was originally intended by the
school administration to improve the quality of instruction and promote
positive attitudes by understanding individual students, mainly in terms of
their language learning motivation and attitudes towards learning English. The
participants were 793 university prep-year students studying a one-year EFL
program to complete their postsecondary education in an English-medium state
university in Turkey. The data were collected using Attitude-Motivation
Test Battery (AMTB) (adapted Turkish version, Gardner, 2004). The collected
data were analyzed using SPSS 23 software firstly to be able to display the
current situation regarding the 6 constructs measured by AMTB, mainly; integrativeness,
attitudes toward the learning situation, motivation, language anxiety, instrumental
orientation and parental encouragement levels of Turkish tertiary students in EFL
learning by gender and level of proficiency. The results of this study identified
that Turkish EFL learners at tertiary level showed relatively high levels of
the qualities measured by the AMTB constructs and their sub-scales, except in attitudes toward English speaking people
and anxiety. As an interesting
finding, the participating students of the study were found to be often anxious
in participating the English classes and using English, while female students
felt more discomfort concerning these issues.
Al-Dosari, N. F. N. (2016). The differences of attitudinal and motivational factors amongst students in Qatar and the relationship between these factors and their achievement in English language. Doctoral thesis, University of Sunderland.
Berg, L. B. (1998). Qualitative research methods for social sciences. Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
Clément, R. Gardner, R., & Symthe, P. C. (1980). Social and individual factors in second language acquisition. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science/ Revue Canadienne des sciences du comportement, 12(4), pp.293-302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/h0081081
Çolak, A. (2008). Attitudes, motivation and study habits of English language learners: The case of Başkent university second-year students. Unpublished PhD thesis. [Online]. Middle East Technical University. Available from: http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12609907/index.pdf?viewType=Print&viewClass=Print
Dornyei, Z. (2001). Motivational strategies in the language classroom. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Dewaele, J.M. (2015 May/June). On Emotions in Foreign Language Learning and Use. The Language Teacher Online 39.3, 13-15. http://jalt-publications.org/tlt
Gardner, R.C. (1985). Social Psychology and Second Language Learning: The Role of Attitudes and Motivation. London: E. Arnold.
Gardner, R. C. (2004). Attitude/Motivation Test Battery: International AMTB Research Project (English Version). [Online]. Available from: http://publish.uwo.ca/~gardner/docs/englishamtb.pdf [Accessed: 10 April 2014].
Gardner, R.C. (2005). Integrative motivation and second language acquisition. Canadian Association of Applied Linguistics/Canadian Linguistics Association Joint Plenary Talk, London, Canada. [Online]. Available from: http://publish.uwo.ca/~gardner/docs/caaltalk5final.pdf. [Accessed: 11 September 2017].
Gardner, R. C., & Lambert, W. E. (1972). Attitudes and motivation in second-language learning. Rowley, Massachusetts: Newbury House Publishers.
Gardner, R. C. & MacIntyre, P. D. (1993). A student's contribution to Second Language Learning: Part II, Affective Factors. Language Teaching, 26, 1-11.
Gardner, R. C. & Smythe, P.C. (1981). On the development of the attitude/motivation test battery, Canadian Modern Language Review, 37, 510-525
Gardner, R.C., Tremblay, P.F. & Masgoret, A.-M. (1997). Toward a Full Model of Second Language Learning: An Empirical Investigation. The Modern Language Journal. 81 (3). 344–362. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4781.1997.tb05495.x
Kachru, B. B. (1977). The new Englishes and old models. English Language Forum, 15, 3, 29–35.
Gökçe, S. (2008). Attitudes and motivational intensity of foreign language learners at vocational high schools: A comparative study. Ph.D. [Online]. Middle East Technical University. Available from: https://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12609935/index.pdf. [Accessed: 22 October 2016].
Kiziltepe, Z. (2000). Attitudes and motivation of Turkish EFL students towards second language learning. ITL-International Journal of Applied Linguistics. 129 (1). 141-168
Kızıltepe, Z. (2003). Considering Gender with Attitudes and Motivation of EFL Students. Education and Science, 28 (130).
Lukmani, Y.M. (1972). Motivation to learn and language proficiency. Language Learning. 22 (2). 261–273.
Nahavandi, N. & Mukundan, J. (2013). Iranian EFL Engineering Students’ Motivational Orientations toward English Language Learning along Gender and Further Education in Language Institutes. International Journal of Linguistics. [Online]. 5(1). Available from: http://www.macrothink.org/journal/index.php/ijl/article/view/2684. [Accessed: 27 September 2015].
Naiman, N., Fröhlich, M., Stern, H. H., & Todesco, A. (1978). The good language learner (Research in Education Series No. 7). Toronto, Canada: Ontario Institute for Studies in Education.
Norris-Holt, J. (2001). Motivation as a Contributing Factor in Second Language Acquisition. [Online]. 2001. Available from: http://iteslj.org/Articles/NorrisMotivation.html. [Accessed: 18 December 2015].
Öztürk, G. & Gürbüz, N. (2013). The impact of gender on foreign language speakinganxiety and motivation. Procedia . Social and Behavioral Sciences. [Online]. 70. 654–665. Available from: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1877042813001079.
[Accessed: 18 October 2015].
Oxford, R., & Shearin, J. (1994). Language Learning Motivation: Expanding the Theoretical Framework. Modern Language Journal, 78. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4781.1994.tb02011.x
Saracaloğlu, A. S. (2000). The Relation Between Trainee Teachers’ Attitudes to Foreign Languages and their Academic Success. Eğitim ve Bilim Dergisi. Ankara.
Solak, E. (2012). Exploring the role of motivational factors in the academic achievement of EFL learners. ELT Research Journal. [Online]. 1 (4). pp. 240–254. Available from: http://www.eltrj.com/journals/index.php/elt/article/view/49. [Accessed: 21 January 2016].
TEPAV & British Council. (November, 2015). The state of English in Turkey: A Baseline Study. Yorum Basın Yayın Sanayi Ltd. Şti., Ankara. ISBN 978-0-86355-786-6
Ushioda, E. (2001) Language learning at university: Exploring the role of motivational thinking. In: Dörnyei, Z. and Schmidt, R., (eds.) Motivation and second language acquisition. Honolulu, HI: University of Hawaii, Second Language Teaching and Curriculum Center, pp. 93-125. ISBN 978–08248245–8–7
Üzüm, B. (2007). Analysis of Turkish learners’ attitudes toward s English language and English speaking societies. Unpublished MA thesis. [Online]. Middle East Technical University. Available from: https://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12608571/index.pdf. [Accessed: 27 September 2015].
Al-Dosari, N. F. N. (2016). The differences of attitudinal and motivational factors amongst students in Qatar and the relationship between these factors and their achievement in English language. Doctoral thesis, University of Sunderland.
Berg, L. B. (1998). Qualitative research methods for social sciences. Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
Clément, R. Gardner, R., & Symthe, P. C. (1980). Social and individual factors in second language acquisition. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science/ Revue Canadienne des sciences du comportement, 12(4), pp.293-302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/h0081081
Çolak, A. (2008). Attitudes, motivation and study habits of English language learners: The case of Başkent university second-year students. Unpublished PhD thesis. [Online]. Middle East Technical University. Available from: http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12609907/index.pdf?viewType=Print&viewClass=Print
Dornyei, Z. (2001). Motivational strategies in the language classroom. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Dewaele, J.M. (2015 May/June). On Emotions in Foreign Language Learning and Use. The Language Teacher Online 39.3, 13-15. http://jalt-publications.org/tlt
Gardner, R.C. (1985). Social Psychology and Second Language Learning: The Role of Attitudes and Motivation. London: E. Arnold.
Gardner, R. C. (2004). Attitude/Motivation Test Battery: International AMTB Research Project (English Version). [Online]. Available from: http://publish.uwo.ca/~gardner/docs/englishamtb.pdf [Accessed: 10 April 2014].
Gardner, R.C. (2005). Integrative motivation and second language acquisition. Canadian Association of Applied Linguistics/Canadian Linguistics Association Joint Plenary Talk, London, Canada. [Online]. Available from: http://publish.uwo.ca/~gardner/docs/caaltalk5final.pdf. [Accessed: 11 September 2017].
Gardner, R. C., & Lambert, W. E. (1972). Attitudes and motivation in second-language learning. Rowley, Massachusetts: Newbury House Publishers.
Gardner, R. C. & MacIntyre, P. D. (1993). A student's contribution to Second Language Learning: Part II, Affective Factors. Language Teaching, 26, 1-11.
Gardner, R. C. & Smythe, P.C. (1981). On the development of the attitude/motivation test battery, Canadian Modern Language Review, 37, 510-525
Gardner, R.C., Tremblay, P.F. & Masgoret, A.-M. (1997). Toward a Full Model of Second Language Learning: An Empirical Investigation. The Modern Language Journal. 81 (3). 344–362. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4781.1997.tb05495.x
Kachru, B. B. (1977). The new Englishes and old models. English Language Forum, 15, 3, 29–35.
Gökçe, S. (2008). Attitudes and motivational intensity of foreign language learners at vocational high schools: A comparative study. Ph.D. [Online]. Middle East Technical University. Available from: https://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12609935/index.pdf. [Accessed: 22 October 2016].
Kiziltepe, Z. (2000). Attitudes and motivation of Turkish EFL students towards second language learning. ITL-International Journal of Applied Linguistics. 129 (1). 141-168
Kızıltepe, Z. (2003). Considering Gender with Attitudes and Motivation of EFL Students. Education and Science, 28 (130).
Lukmani, Y.M. (1972). Motivation to learn and language proficiency. Language Learning. 22 (2). 261–273.
Nahavandi, N. & Mukundan, J. (2013). Iranian EFL Engineering Students’ Motivational Orientations toward English Language Learning along Gender and Further Education in Language Institutes. International Journal of Linguistics. [Online]. 5(1). Available from: http://www.macrothink.org/journal/index.php/ijl/article/view/2684. [Accessed: 27 September 2015].
Naiman, N., Fröhlich, M., Stern, H. H., & Todesco, A. (1978). The good language learner (Research in Education Series No. 7). Toronto, Canada: Ontario Institute for Studies in Education.
Norris-Holt, J. (2001). Motivation as a Contributing Factor in Second Language Acquisition. [Online]. 2001. Available from: http://iteslj.org/Articles/NorrisMotivation.html. [Accessed: 18 December 2015].
Öztürk, G. & Gürbüz, N. (2013). The impact of gender on foreign language speakinganxiety and motivation. Procedia . Social and Behavioral Sciences. [Online]. 70. 654–665. Available from: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1877042813001079.
[Accessed: 18 October 2015].
Oxford, R., & Shearin, J. (1994). Language Learning Motivation: Expanding the Theoretical Framework. Modern Language Journal, 78. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4781.1994.tb02011.x
Saracaloğlu, A. S. (2000). The Relation Between Trainee Teachers’ Attitudes to Foreign Languages and their Academic Success. Eğitim ve Bilim Dergisi. Ankara.
Solak, E. (2012). Exploring the role of motivational factors in the academic achievement of EFL learners. ELT Research Journal. [Online]. 1 (4). pp. 240–254. Available from: http://www.eltrj.com/journals/index.php/elt/article/view/49. [Accessed: 21 January 2016].
TEPAV & British Council. (November, 2015). The state of English in Turkey: A Baseline Study. Yorum Basın Yayın Sanayi Ltd. Şti., Ankara. ISBN 978-0-86355-786-6
Ushioda, E. (2001) Language learning at university: Exploring the role of motivational thinking. In: Dörnyei, Z. and Schmidt, R., (eds.) Motivation and second language acquisition. Honolulu, HI: University of Hawaii, Second Language Teaching and Curriculum Center, pp. 93-125. ISBN 978–08248245–8–7
Üzüm, B. (2007). Analysis of Turkish learners’ attitudes toward s English language and English speaking societies. Unpublished MA thesis. [Online]. Middle East Technical University. Available from: https://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12608571/index.pdf. [Accessed: 27 September 2015].
Eraldemir Tuyan, S., & Serindağ, E. (2019). Revisiting the socio-educational model of second language acquisition in Turkish tertiary EFL context. Journal of Language and Linguistic Studies, 15(2), 450-469. https://doi.org/10.17263/jlls.586105
AMA
Eraldemir Tuyan S, Serindağ E. Revisiting the socio-educational model of second language acquisition in Turkish tertiary EFL context. Journal of Language and Linguistic Studies. Temmuz 2019;15(2):450-469. doi:10.17263/jlls.586105
Chicago
Eraldemir Tuyan, Seden, ve Ergün Serindağ. “Revisiting the Socio-Educational Model of Second Language Acquisition in Turkish Tertiary EFL Context”. Journal of Language and Linguistic Studies 15, sy. 2 (Temmuz 2019): 450-69. https://doi.org/10.17263/jlls.586105.
EndNote
Eraldemir Tuyan S, Serindağ E (01 Temmuz 2019) Revisiting the socio-educational model of second language acquisition in Turkish tertiary EFL context. Journal of Language and Linguistic Studies 15 2 450–469.
IEEE
S. Eraldemir Tuyan ve E. Serindağ, “Revisiting the socio-educational model of second language acquisition in Turkish tertiary EFL context”, Journal of Language and Linguistic Studies, c. 15, sy. 2, ss. 450–469, 2019, doi: 10.17263/jlls.586105.
ISNAD
Eraldemir Tuyan, Seden - Serindağ, Ergün. “Revisiting the Socio-Educational Model of Second Language Acquisition in Turkish Tertiary EFL Context”. Journal of Language and Linguistic Studies 15/2 (Temmuz 2019), 450-469. https://doi.org/10.17263/jlls.586105.
JAMA
Eraldemir Tuyan S, Serindağ E. Revisiting the socio-educational model of second language acquisition in Turkish tertiary EFL context. Journal of Language and Linguistic Studies. 2019;15:450–469.
MLA
Eraldemir Tuyan, Seden ve Ergün Serindağ. “Revisiting the Socio-Educational Model of Second Language Acquisition in Turkish Tertiary EFL Context”. Journal of Language and Linguistic Studies, c. 15, sy. 2, 2019, ss. 450-69, doi:10.17263/jlls.586105.
Vancouver
Eraldemir Tuyan S, Serindağ E. Revisiting the socio-educational model of second language acquisition in Turkish tertiary EFL context. Journal of Language and Linguistic Studies. 2019;15(2):450-69.