Do + subjunctive, future reference and modality in Albanian

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 15 Sayı: 4, 1426 - 1435, 31.12.2019

Ardita Berisha , Kadire Binaj

https://doi.org/10.17263/jlls.668544

Öz

The purpose of this paper is to present the use of the structure do + subjunctive, as one of the grammatical forms that marks futurity in Albanian. This grammatical form has derived from the free syntactic structure of dua + subjunctive, which used to express modality of desire or volition; therefore, do + subjunctive in Albanian is known as volitive future. In addition to its main function, namely reference to future time, do + subjunctive is also often used to express clear modal meaning. This modal meaning that characterizes do + subjunctive can be read in a variety of ways, depending on the context in which it appears. It can be used to express an epistemic conclusion, a conclusion based on speaker’s general knowledge or experience. This grammatical form can also be used to express different forms of deontic modality such as an order or a promise. Though less commonly, do + subjunctive can also be used to express speaker’s volition or desire. This modal component is characteristic especially for the do + imperfect subjunctive: do të punoja “I would work”. In addition to these uses, do + subjunctive can also be used in conditional constructions, both in apodosis and protasis, to express real and unreal conditions.

Anahtar Kelimeler

futurity; tense; modality; epistemic; deontic; dynamic; conditional

Kaynakça

• Albanian National Corpus. (2019, June 17). Retrived from http://web-corpora.net/AlbanianCorpus/search/?interface_language=sq
• ASHSH (2002). Gramatika I. Tiranë, Albania: Akademia e Shkencave dhe e Arteve e Shqipërisë.
• Fehmiu, B. (2016). Shkëlqim dhe tmerr. Beograd, Srbia: Samizdat B92.
• Fehmiu, B. (2011). E shklqyeshme dhe e tmerrshme. Prishtina, Kosovo: Koha Ditore.
• Bokshi, B. (2012). Format e futurit të shqipes në raport me gjuhët e Ballkanit. In R. Ismajli (Eds.), Shqipja dhe gjuhët e Ballkanit (pp. 29 – 36). Prishtinë, Kosovo: Akademia e Shkencave dhe e Arteve e Kosovës.
• Breu, W. (2010). Mood in Albanian. In B. Rothstein, R. Thieroff (Eds). Mood in the languages of Europe (pp. 447 – 472). Amsterdam/Philadelphia, Netherlands/Pennsylvania: John Benjamins Publishing Company.
• Bybee, J. L., Perkins, R., & Pagliuca, W. (1994). The Evolution of Grammar, Tense, Aspect and Modality in the Languages of the World. Chicago/London, Illinois/ England: The University of Chicago Press.
• Camaj, M. (1984). Albanian Grammar. Wiesbaden, Germany: Otto Harrassowitz.
• Demiraj, Sh. (1988). Gramatika historike e gjuhës shqipe. Tiranë, Albania: Akademia e Shkencave e Shqipërisë, Instituti i Gjuhësisë dhe i Letërsisë.
• Demiraj, Sh. (2002). Gramatika historike e gjuhës shqipe. Tiranë, Albania: Akademia e Shkencave e Shqipërisë, Instituti i Gjuhësisë dhe i Letërsisë.
• Huddleston, R., Pullum, G. K. (2002) Grammar of the English Language. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. Koha Ditore. (2012, December 18). Prishtinë, Kosovo: Koha.
• Lyons, J. (2001). Hyrje në gjuhësinë teorike. Tiranë, Albania: Dituria.
• Palmer, R. F. (2001). Mood and Modality. Second Edition. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
• Topalli, K. (2012). Gramatika historike e gjuhës shqipe. Tiranë, Albania: Akademia e Shkencave të Shqipërisë.