Farklı Bitki Ekstrakt ve Esansiyel Yağların Lakerda Örneklerinden İzole Edilen Bakteriler Üzerine Antibakteriyel Etkilerinin Araştırılması

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 1, 44 - 55, 04.07.2023

Dilek Kahraman Yılmaz , Nermin Berik

https://doi.org/10.46384/jmsf.1291400

Öz

Bu çalışmada turunç çiçeği, karanfil tanesi ve portakal kabuğu yağları ve etanolik ekstraktlarının; lakerda örneklerinden izole edilen bakteriler üzerinde in vitro koşullarda antibakteriyel etkileri araştırılmıştır. Sonuçlara göre; esansiyel yağların etanolik ekstraktlara göre daha etkili olduğu belirlenmiştir. Turunç çiçeği ve karanfil tanesi esansiyel yağları; Pseudomonas fluorescens, Staphylococcus pasteuri, Staphylococcus equorum, Carnobacterium mobile, Carnobacterium maltaromaticum, Vibrio hibernica ve Vibrio rumoiensis bakterileri üzerinde güçlü etki göstermiştir. Esansiyel yağlar en yüksek inhibisyon etkisini, C. mobile üzerinde göstermiştir. Bu tür üzerinde turunç çiçeği %0,00977 ve karanfil tanesi %0,00488 konsantrasyon ile esansiyel yağlarının etkili olduğu bulunmuştur. Turunç çiçeği esansiyel yağının Staphylococcus pasteuri üzerinde %0,3125 konsantrasyon ile daha güçlü bir inhibisyon sağlanmıştır. En az etki %1,25 konsantrasyon ile karanfil esans yağında S. pasteuri bakterisine karşı tespit edilmiştir. Bu çalışmada turunç çiçeği ve karanfil tanesi esansiyel yağlarının, test edilen bakteriler üzerinde güçlü inhibisyon etkisi olduğu belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, bulgular gıda güvenliğini sağlamak için lakerdalarda; turunç çiçeği ve karanfil tanesi esansiyel yağlarının kullanılabilirliğini desteklemektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Antimikrobiyal, lakerda, karanfil, turunç çiçeği, portakal kabuğu, GC/MS

Destekleyen Kurum

Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Koordinasyon Birimi “

Proje Numarası

FDK-2020-3334

Teşekkür

Bu çalışma; Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Koordinasyon Birimi “FDK-2020-3334 numaralı” projesi olarak desteklenmiştir. Dilek KAHRAMAN YILMAZ'ın Prof. Dr. Nermin BERİK danışmanlığında yürütülen doktora tezinden hazırlanmıştır. Türkiye Yüksek Öğrenim Kurumu (YÖK) 100/2000 burs programının desteğine teşekkür ederiz. Dr. Fevziye Işıl Kesbiç’e; örneklerin GC/MS analizleri aşamasındaki destekleri için teşekkür ederiz.

Investigation of Antibacterial Effects of Different Plant Extracts and Essential Oils on Bacteria Isolated from Lakerda Products

Öz

In this study, the in vitro antimicrobial effects of citrus flower, clove and orange peel essential oils and ethanolic extracts on different bacteria isolated from lakerda samples were investigated. It was determined that essential oils were more effective than ethanolic extracts. Citrus flower and clove essential oils showed strong effects on Pseudomonas fluorescens, Staphylococcus pasteuri, Staphylococcus equorum, Carnobacterium mobile, Carnobacterium maltaromaticum, Vibrio hibernica and Vibrio rumoiensis. Essential oils showed the highest inhibitory effect on C. mobile. It was found that the essential oil of citrus flower and clove were effective on C. mobile at concentrations 0.00977% and 0.00488%, respectively. It was determined that citrus essential oil provided a stronger inhibition on Staphylococcus pasteuri at a concentration of 0.3125%. The clove essential oil at a concentration of 1.25% had the least effect on S. pasteuri. In this study, it was determined that the essential oils of citrus flowers and clove had strong inhibitory effects on the tested bacteria. In conclusion, our findings supports that addition of citrus flowers and clove essential oils to lakerda had positive effects with respect to food safety.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Antimicrobial, lakerda, clove, citrus flowers, orange peel, GC/MS

Proje Numarası

FDK-2020-3334

Kaynakça

• Aksu, F., Uran, H., & Varlık, C. (2013). Geleneksel bir su ürünü “Palamut Lakerdası”. Dünya Gıda Dergisi, 8, 26-28.
• Al-Deen, R. B., Aloklah, B., & Al-Amir, L. (2021). Chemical composition and antibacterial activity of the peel essential oils extracted from citrus fruits. Journal of Agriculture and Applied Biology, 2(2), 114-123.
• Ali, B.H., & Blunden, G. (2003). Pharmacological and toxicological properties of Nigella sativa. Phytotherapy Research: An international journal devoted to pharmacological and toxicological evaluation of natural product derivatives, 17(4), 299-305. doi.org/10.1002/ptr.1309
• Anwar, S., Ahmed, N., Speciale, A., Cimino, F., & Saija, A. (2016). Bitter orange (Citrus aurantium L.) oils. In Essential oils in food preservation, flavor and safety (pp. 259-268). Academic Press. doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-416641-7.00029-8
• Ashihara, H., Mizuno, K., Yokota, T., & Crozier, A. (2017). Xanthine alkaloids: occurrence, biosynthesis, and function in plants. In: Progress in the chemistry of organic natural products (Kinghorn, A. D., Falk, H., Gibbons, S., & Kobayashi, J. I. eds.) Volume 105, pages 1-88.
• Aydın, A., & Alçiçek, A. (2018). Effects of the supplementation of essential oil isolated from orange peel (Citrus sinensis L.) to broiler diets on the performance. Türk Tarım ve Doğa Bilimleri Dergisi, 5(2), 127-135. doi.org/10.30910/turkjans.421348
• Bauer, A., Kirby, W. M. M., Sherris, J. C., & Turck, M. (1966). Antibiotic susceptibility testing by a standardized single diffusion method. Am. J. Clin. Pathol., 45, 493-496.
• Cai, L., & Wu, C. D. (1996). Compounds from Syzygium aromaticum possessing growth inhibitory activity against oral pathogens. Journal of Natural Products, 59(10), 987-990.
• Ceccato-Antonini, S. R., Shirahigue, L. D., Varano, A., da Silva, B. N., Brianti, C. S., & de Azevedo, F. A. (2023). Citrus essential oil: would it be feasible as antimicrobial in the bioethanol industry? Biotechnology Letters, 45, 1-2. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10529-022-03320-4
• Chaieb, K., Hajlaoui, H., Zmantar, T., Kahla‐Nakbi, A. B., Rouabhia, M., Mahdouani, K., & Bakhrouf, A. (2007). The chemical composition and biological activity of clove essential oil, Eugenia caryophyllata (Syzigium aromaticum L. Myrtaceae): a short review. Phytotherapy research, 21(6), 501-506. doi.org/10.1002/ptr.2124
• Chouhan, S., Sharma, K., & Guleria, S. (2017). Antimicrobial activity of some essential oils—present status and future perspectives. Medicines, 4(3), 58.doi.org/10.3390/medicines4030058
• Clevenger, J.F. (1928). Apparatus for the determination of volatile oil. Journal of the American Pharmacists Association, 17(4), 345-349
• Dugo G, Peyron L, Bonaccorsi I, Dugo G and Mondello L, (2010). Extracts from the bitter orange flowers (Citrus aurantium L.): Composition and adulteration. In: Citrus oils. Composition, advanced analytical techniques, contaminants, and biological activity (Dugo G and Mondello L eds.), pages 333-348
• Erkan, N., Tosun, S.Y., Alakavuk, D.Ü., & Ulusoy, Ş. (2009). Keeping quality of different packaged salted Atlantic Bonito “Lakerda’’, Journal of Food Biochemistry, 33,5, 728-744. doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4514.2009.00247.x
• Gavahian, M., Chu, Y. H., & Mousavi Khaneghah, A. (2019). Recent advances in orange oil extraction: An opportunity for the valorisation of orange peel waste a review. International Journal of Food Science & Technology, 54(4), 925-932. doi.org/10.1111/ijfs.13987
• Goñi, P., López, P., Sánchez, C., Gómez-Lus, R., Becerril, R., & Nerín, C. (2009). Antimicrobial activity in the vapour phase of a combination of cinnamon and clove essential oils. Food Chemistry, 116(4), 982-989. doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.03.058
• Haj Ammar, A., Bouajila, J., Lebrihi, A., Mathieu, F., Romdhane, M., & Zagrouba, F. (2012). Chemical composition and in vitro antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of Citrus aurantium L. flowers essential oil (Neroli oil). Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 15(21), 1034-1040. doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.2012.1034.1040
• Hsouna, A. B., Hamdi, N., Halima, N. B., & Abdelkafi, S. (2013). Characterization of essential oil from Citrus aurantium L. flowers: antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. Journal of Oleo Science, 62(10), 763-772. doi.org/10.5650/jos.62.763
• Kamatou, G. P., Vermaak, I., & Viljoen, A. M. (2012). Eugenol—from the remote Maluku Islands to the international market place: a review of a remarkable and versatile molecule. Molecules, 17(6), 6953-6981.doi.org/10.3390/molecules17066953
• Kang, P., Ryu, K. H., Lee, J. M., Kim, H. K., & Seol, G. H. (2016). Endothelium-and smooth muscle-dependent vasodilator effects of Citrus aurantium L. var. amara: Focus on Ca2+ modulation. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 82, 467-471. doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2016.05.030
• Kennouche, A., Benkaci-Ali, F., Scholl, G., & Eppe, G. (2015). Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of Eugenia caryophyllata cloves extracted by conventional and microwave techniques. Journal of Biologically Active Products from Nature, 5(1), 1-11. doi.org/10.1080/22311866.2014.961100
• Lahlou, M. (2004). Methods to study the phytochemistry and bioactivity of essential oils. Phytotherapy Research: An International Journal Devoted to Pharmacological and Toxicological Evaluation of Natural Product Derivatives, 18(6), 435-448. doi.org/10.1002/ptr.1465
• Mannucci, C., Calapai, F., Cardia, L., Inferrera, G., D'Arena, G., Di Pietro, M., & Calapai, G. (2018). Clinical Pharmacology of Citrus aurantium and Citrus sinensis for the Treatment of Anxiety. Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine: eCAM, 2018. doi.org/10.1155/2018/3624094
• Metoui, N., Gargouri, S., Amri, I., Fezzani, T., Jamoussi, B., & Hamrouni, L. (2015). Activity antifungal of the essential oils; aqueous and ethanol extracts from Citrus aurantium L. Natural product research, 29(23), 2238-2241. doi.org/10.1080/14786419.2015.1007136
• Ormancı, H.B. (2013). Palamut (Sarda sarda) lakerdasının olgunlaşması süresince serbest amino asit ve biyojen amin oluşumunun ürün kalitesine etkileri. Doktora tezi. Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü. Çanakkale, Türkiye, 143 s.
• Ouattara, B., Simard, R. E., Holley, R. A., Piette, G. J. P., & Bégin, A. (1997). Antibacterial activity of selected fatty acids and essential oils against six meat spoilage organisms. International journal of food microbiology, 37(2-3), 155-162.
• Parthasarathy, V. A., Chempakam, B., & Zachariah, T. J. (2008). Chemistry of spices. CABI International, Wallingford, USA. 464 pages.
• Pathirana, H. N. K. S., Wimalasena, S. H. M. P., De Silva, B. C. J., Hossain, S., & Heo, G. (2019). Antibacterial activity of clove essential oil and eugenol against fish pathogenic bacteria isolated from cultured olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). Slov. Vet. Res, 56, 31-38. doi.org/10.26873/SVR-590-2018
• Paul, A., & Cox, P. A. (1995). An ethnobotanical survey of the uses for Citrus aurantium (Rutaceae) in Haiti. Economic Botany, 249-256.
• Radünz, M., da Trindade, M. L. M., Camargo, T. M., Radünz, A. L., Borges, C. D., Gandra, E. A., & Helbig, E. (2019). Antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of unencapsulated and encapsulated clove (Syzygium aromaticum, L.) essential oil. Food Chemistry, 276, 180-186. doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.09.173
• Rota, M. C., Herrera, A., Martínez, R. M., Sotomayor, J. A., & Jordán, M. J. (2008). Antimicrobial activity and chemical composition of Thymus vulgaris, Thymus zygis and Thymus hyemalis essential oils. Food control, 19(7), 681-687. doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2007.07.007
• Schwalbe, R., Steele-Moore, L., & Goodwin, A. C. (2007). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing protocols. CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group, Boca Raton, USA, pages 428.
• Seow, Y. X., Yeo, C. R., Chung, H. L., & Yuk, H. G. (2013). Plant essential oils as active antimicrobial agents. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 54(5), 625-644. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2011.599504
• Snoussi, M., Hajlaoui, H., Noumi, E., Usai, D., Sechi, L. A., Zanetti, S., & Bakhrouf, A. (2008). In-vitro anti-Vibrio spp. activity and chemical composition of some Tunisian aromatic plants. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 24, 3071-3076.
• Solórzano-Santos, F., & Miranda-Novales, M. G. (2012). Essential oils from aromatic herbs as antimicrobial agents. Current opinion in biotechnology, 23(2), 136-141. doi.org/10.1016/j.copbio.2011.08.005
• Soxhlet, F.V. (1879). Die gewichtsanalytische bestimmung des milchfettes. Dingler’s Polytechnisches Journal, 232, 461-465.
• Degirmenci, H., & Erkurt, H. (2020). Chemical profile and antioxidant potency of Citrus aurantium L. flower extracts with antibacterial effect against foodborne pathogens in rice pudding. LWT, 126, 109273. doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2020.109273
• Suntar, I., Khan, H., Patel, S., Celano, R., & Rastrelli, L. (2018). An overview on Citrus aurantium L.: Its functions as food ingredient and therapeutic agent. Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity, 2018. doi.org/10.1155/2018/7864269
• Şengezer, E., & Güngör, T. (2008). Esansiyel yağlar ve hayvanlar üzerindeki etkileri (derleme). Lalahan Hayvancılık Araştırma Enstitüsü Dergisi, 48(2), 101-110.
• Tipu, M. A., Akhtar, M. S., Anjum, M. I., & Raja, M. L. (2006). New dimension of medicinal plants as animal feed. Pakistan Veterinary Journal, 26(3), 144-148.
• Turan, H., Kaya, Y., & Kocatepe, D. (2009). Geleneksel bir gıdamız; Lakerda. II. Geleneksel Gıdalar Sempozyumu, 27-29 Mayıs 2009, Van, 111-114.
• Turgis, M., Vu, K. D., Dupont, C., & Lacroix, M. (2012). Combined antimicrobial effect of essential oils and bacteriocins against foodborne pathogens and food spoilage bacteria. Food Research International, 48(2), 696-702. doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2012.06.016
• Varlı, M., Hancı, H., & Kalafat, G. (2020). Tıbbi ve aromatik bitkilerin üretim potansiyeli ve biyoyararlılığı. Research Journal of Biomedical and Biotechnology, 1(1), 24-32.
• Waheed, A., Akram, S., Ashraf, R., Mushtaq, M., & Adnan, A. (2020). Kinetic model and optimization for enzyme‐assisted hydrodistillation of d‐limonene‐rich essential oil from orange peel. Flavour and Fragrance Journal, 35(5), 561-569. doi.org/10.1002/ffj.3598
• Zhang, J., He, S., Wang, J., Wang, C., Wu, J., Wang, W., & Li, F. (2020). A Review of the traditional uses, botany, phytochemistry, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, and toxicology of Corydalis yanhusuo. Natural Product Communications, 15(9). doi.org/10.1177/1934578X20957752