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YAPISAL VE PSİKOLOJİK GÜÇLENDİRMENİN İŞYERİ NEZAKETSİZLİĞİ VE TÜKENMİŞLİĞE ETKİSİ

Yıl 2013, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 1, 17 - 34, 01.08.2013

Öz

Bu çalışma, güçlendirmenin iki türü olan yapısal ve psikolojik güçlendirme, işyeri nezaketsizliği ve tükenmişlik değişkenleri arasındaki ilişki ve etkileri belirlemek amacıyla tasarlanmıştır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda geliştirilmiş olan araştırma modeli ile hem değişkenler arasındaki ilişki ve etkiler; hem de işyeri nezaketsizliğinin, güçlendirme türlerinin tükenmişlik üzerindeki etkisindeki aracılık rolü incelenmiştir. Araştırma modelini test etmek amacıyla, Çorum'daki bankalarda görev yapan 171 çalışandan elde edilen verilere hiyerarşik regresyon analizi uygulanmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda yapısal ve psikolojik güçlendirmenin tükenmişliği negatif, yapısal güçlendirmenin işyeri nezaketsizliğini negatif ve işyeri nezaketsizliğinin tükenmişliği pozitif yönde etkilediği tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca yapısal güçlendirmenin tükenmişliğe etkisinde işyeri nezaketsizliğinin aracılık rolü üstlendiği de belirlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Yapısal Güçlendirme, Psikolojik Güçlendirme, Güçlendirme, İşyeri Nezaketsizliği, Tükenmişlik

Kaynakça

  • Altunışık, R., Coşkun, R., Bayraktaroğlu, S. ve Yıldırım, E. (2004). Sosyal Bilimlerde Araştırma Yöntemleri. Sakarya Kitabevi.
  • Anderson, L. M. ve Pearson C. M. (1999). Tit For Tat? The Spiraling Effect of Incivility in the Workplace. Academy of Management Review, 24(3), 452-471.
  • Arbak, Y., Şanlı, A. Y. ve Çakar, U. (2004). İşyerinde Sapkın Davranış: Akademik Personel Üzerinde Yerel Bir Tanım ve Tipoloji Çalışması. Yönetim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 4(1), 5-24.
  • Baron, R. M. ve Kenny D. A. (1986). The Moderator-Mediator Variable Distinction in Social Psychological Research: Conceptual, Strategic, and Statistical Considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(6), 1173-1182.
  • Baron, R. A ve Neuman, J. H. (1996). Workplace Violence and Workplace Aggression: Evidence on Their Relative Frequency and Potential Causes. Aggressive Behavior, 22, 161-173.
  • Boonyarit, I., Chomphupart S. ve Arin N. (2010). Leadership, Empowerment and Attitude Outcomes. The Journal of Behavioral Science, 5(1), 1-14.
  • Çam, O. (1992). Tükenmişlik Envanterinin Geçerlik ve Güvenilirliğinin Araştırılması”, 7. Ulusal Psikoloji Kongresi Bilimsel Çalışmaları, Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Editörler: R. Bayraktar ve İ. Dağ, Ankara, 155-160.
  • Çavuş, M. F. ve Demir Y. (2010). The Impacts of Structural and Psychological Empowerment on Burnout: A Research on Staff Nurses in Turkish State Hospitals. Canadian Social Science, 6(4), 63-72.
  • Chen, C. C., ve Eastman, W. (1997). Toward a Civic Culture for Multicultural Organizations. Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 33, 454-470.
  • Chiang, C. F. ve Jang, S. (2008). The Antecedents and Consequences of Psychological Empowerment: The Case of Taiwan's Hotel Companies. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Research, 32, 40-61.
  • Çöl, G. (2008). Algılanan Güçlendirmenin İşgören Performansı Üzerine Etkileri. Doğuş Üniversitesi Dergisi, 9(1), 35-46.
  • Conger, J. A. ve Kanungo, R.N. (1988). The Empowerment Process: Integrating Theory and Practice. Academy Of Management Review, 13, 471-482.
  • Cortina, L. M., Magley V. J., Williams J. H. ve Langhout R. D. (2001). Incivility in the Workplace: Incidence and Impact. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 6(1), 64-80.
  • Dion, M. J. (2006). The Impact of Workplace Incivility and Occupational Stress on the Job Satisfaction and Turnover Intention of Acute Care Nurses. Doctoral Dissertation, University Of Connecticut.
  • Ergin, C. (1992). Doktor ve Hemşirelerde Tükenmişlik ve Maslach Tükenmişlik Ölçeğinin Uyarlanması. VII. Ulusal Psikoloji Kongresi, Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Ankara.
  • Erickson, K. (1962). Notes on the Sociology of Deviance. Social Problems, 9, 307-314.
  • Ferguson, M. (2012). You Cannot Leave it at the Office: Spillover and Crossover of Coworker Incivility”, Journal of Organizational Behavior, 33, 571-588.
  • Giacalone, R. A. ve Greenberg, J. (1997). Antisocial Behavior in Organizations. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Gilbert, S., Laschinger, H. K. ve Leiter, M. P. (2010). The Mediating Effect of Burnout on the Relationship Between Structural Empowerment and Organizational Citizenship Behaviours. Journal of Nursing Management, 18, 339-348.
  • Hartman, E. (1996). Organizational Ethics. England: Oxford University Press.
  • Hatcher, S, Laschinger, H. K. (1996). Staff Nurses' Perceptions of Power and Opportunity and Level of Burnout: A Test of Kanter's Structural Theory of Organizational Behaviour. Canadian Journal of Nursing Administration. 9(2), 74–94.
  • Hutton, S. ve Gates, D. (2008). Workplace Incivility and Productivity Losses among Direct Care Staff. Journal of American Association of Occupational Health Nurses, 56(4), 168-175.
  • Kanter, R. M. (1979). Power Failure in Management Circuits. Harvard Business Review, 57, 65-75.
  • Kanter, R. M. (1993). Men and Women of the Corporation, (2nd Edition), New York, Basic Books.
  • Kinney, J. A. (1995). Violence at Work: How to Make Your Company Safer for Employees and Customers. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall.
  • Kluska, K. M., Laschinger, H. K. S. ve Kerr, M. S. (2004). Staff Nurse Empowerment and Effort-Reward Imbalance. Nursing Leadership, 17(1), 112-128.
  • Kutzcher, L. (1994). Staff Nurses' Perceptions of Power and Degree of Participative Management: A Test of Kanter's Structural Theory of Power, Unpublished Master's Thesis, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.
  • Laschinger, H. K. S. (2004). Hospital Nurses' Perceptions of Respect and Organizational Justice. Journal of Nursing Administration, 37 (7/8), 354-364.
  • Laschinger, H. K. S. (1996). A Theoretical Approach to Studying Work Empowerment in Nursing: A Review of Studies Testing Kanter's Theory of Structural Power in Organizations. Nursing Administrative Quarterly. 20(2), 25-41.
  • Laschinger, H. K. S. ve Finegan, J. (2005). Empowering Nurses for Work Engagement and Health in Hospital Settings. Nursing Economics, 35(10), 439-449.
  • Laschinger, H. K. S. ve Havens, D. (1997). The Effect of Workplace Empowerment on Staff Nurses' Occupational Mental Health and Work Effectiveness: Testing Kanter's Model or Organizational Empowerment. Journal of Nursing Administration, 27(6), 42-50.
  • Laschinger, H. K. S., Finegan, J., Shamian, J. ve Wilk, P. (2001). Impact of Structural and Psychological Empowerment on Job Strain in Nursing Work Settings. Journal of Nursing Administration, 31(5), 260-272.
  • Laschinger, H. K. S., Finegan, J., Shamian, J. ve Wilk, P. (2004). A Longitudinal Analysis of the Impact of Workplace Empowerment on Work Satisfaction. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 25(4), 527-545.
  • Laschinger, H. K. S., Finegan, J. ve Wilk, P. (2009a). Context Matters: The Impact of Unit Leadership and Empowerment on Nurses' Organizational Commitment. Journal of Nursing Administration, 39(5), 228-235.
  • Laschinger, H. K. S., Finegan, J., Shamian, J. ve Wilk, P. (2003). Workplace Empowerment as a Predictor of Nurse Burnout in Restructured Healthcare Settings. Longwoods Review, 1(3), 2-11.
  • Laschinger, H. K. S., Leiter, M., Day, A., Gilin, D. (2009b). Workplace Empowerment, Incivility, and Burnout: Impact on Staff Nurse Recruitment and Retention Outcomes. Journal of Nursing Management, 17, 302-311.
  • Laschinger, H. K. S., Wong, C. A. ve Greco, P. (2006). The Impact of Staff Nurse Empowerment on Person-Job Fit and Work Engagement/Burnout. Nursing Administration Quarterly, 30(4), 358-367.
  • Laschinger, H. K. S., Gilbert, S., Smith, L. M. ve Leslie, K. (2010). Towards a Comprehensive Theory of Nurse/Patient Empowerment: Applying Kanter's Empowerment Theory to Patient Care. Journal Of Nursing Management, 18, 4-13.
  • MacIntosh, J. (2005). Experiences of Workplace Bullying in a Rural Area. Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 26 (9), 893-910.
  • Marks, J. (1996). The American Uncivil Wars, U.S. News and World Report, April 22, 66-72.
  • Marks, M. ve Nelson, E. (1993). Sexual Harassment on Campus: Effects of Professor Gender on Perception of Sexually Harassing Behaviors. Sex Roles, 28, 207-217.
  • Maslach, C. ve Jackson, S. E. (1981). The Measurement of Experienced Burnout. Journal of Occupational Behavior, 2, 99-113.
  • Maslach, C., ve Leiter, M. P. (1997). The Truth About Burnout. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
  • Maslach, C., Schaufeli, W. B., ve Leiter, M. P. (2001). Job Burnout. Annual Review of Psychology, 52, 397-422.
  • Maslach, C. ve Zimbardo, P. G. (1982). Burnout – The Cost of Caring, Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey.
  • Menon, S. (2001). Employee Empowerment: An Integrative Psychological Approach. Applied Psychology: An International Review. 50 (1), 153-180.
  • O'Brien L. (1997). The Relationship Between Registered Nurses' Perceptions of Job-Related Empowerment and Occupational Mental Health: A Test of Kanter's Theory of Organizational Behavior, Master's Thesis. London, Ontario: University Of Western Ontario.
  • O'Brien, J. L. (2010). Structural Empowerment, Psychological Empowerment and Burnout in Registered Staff Nurses Working in Outpatient Dialysis Centers, Degree of Doctor of Philosophy, New Jersey, The State University of New Jersey.
  • Pearson, C. M., Andersson L. M. ve Porath C. L. (2000). Assessing and Attacking Workplace Incivility, Organizational Dynamics, 29(3), 123-137.
  • Penney, L. M. ve Spector, P. E. (2005). Job Stress Incivility and Counterproductive Work Behavior (Cwb): The Moderating Role of Negative Affectivity. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 26, 777-779.
  • Perlow, R. ve Latham, L. L. (1993). Relationship of Client Abuse with Locus of Control and Gender: A Longitudinal Study in Mental Retardation Facilities. Journal of Applied Psychology, 78, 831-834.
  • Porath, C. ve Pearson, C. (2009). How Toxic Colleagues Corrode Performance, Harvard Business Review, 87(4), 24.
  • Sigler, T. H., Pearson, C. M. (2000). Creating an Empowering Culture: Examining the Relationship Between Organizational Culture and Perceptions of Empowerment. Journal Of Quality Management, 5, 27-52.
  • Smith, L. M., Andrusyszyn, M. A. ve Laschinger, H. K. S. (2010). Effects of Workplace Incivility and Empowerment on Newly-Graduated Nurses' Organizational Commitment. Journal of Nursing Management, 18, 1004-1015.
  • Spreitzer, G. (1996). Social Structural Characteristics of Psychological Empowerment. Academy Of Management Journal, 39(2), 483-504.
  • Spreitzer, G. M. (1995). Psychological Empowerment in the Workplace: Dimensions, Measurement, and Validation. The Academy of Management Journal, 38(5), 1442-1465.
  • Thomas, K. W. ve Velthouse, B. A. (1990). Cognitive Elements of Empowerment. Academy of Management Review, 15(4), 666-681.
  • Tolay, E., Sürgevil, O. ve Topoyan, M. (2012). Akademik Çalışma Ortamında Yapısal ve Psikolojik Güçlendirmenin Duygusal Bağlılık ve İş Doyumu Üzerindeki Etkileri. Ege Akademik Bakış, 12(4), 449-465.
  • Ullum, A. G. (2011). Understanding the Determinants of Job Satisfaction, Degree of Master of Science in Nursing, San Diego State University.
  • Vacharakiat, M. (2008). The Relationships of Empowerment, Job Satisfaction and Organization Commitment Between Filipino and American Registered Nurses Working in the USA. Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Nursing, George Mason University, Fairfax VA.
  • Yürür, S. ve Demir, K. (2011). Örgütsel Adalet ve Psikolojik Güçlendirme: Karşılıklı Etkileri Üzerine Bir Araştırma. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 16(3) 311-335.
Yıl 2013, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 1, 17 - 34, 01.08.2013

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Altunışık, R., Coşkun, R., Bayraktaroğlu, S. ve Yıldırım, E. (2004). Sosyal Bilimlerde Araştırma Yöntemleri. Sakarya Kitabevi.
  • Anderson, L. M. ve Pearson C. M. (1999). Tit For Tat? The Spiraling Effect of Incivility in the Workplace. Academy of Management Review, 24(3), 452-471.
  • Arbak, Y., Şanlı, A. Y. ve Çakar, U. (2004). İşyerinde Sapkın Davranış: Akademik Personel Üzerinde Yerel Bir Tanım ve Tipoloji Çalışması. Yönetim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 4(1), 5-24.
  • Baron, R. M. ve Kenny D. A. (1986). The Moderator-Mediator Variable Distinction in Social Psychological Research: Conceptual, Strategic, and Statistical Considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(6), 1173-1182.
  • Baron, R. A ve Neuman, J. H. (1996). Workplace Violence and Workplace Aggression: Evidence on Their Relative Frequency and Potential Causes. Aggressive Behavior, 22, 161-173.
  • Boonyarit, I., Chomphupart S. ve Arin N. (2010). Leadership, Empowerment and Attitude Outcomes. The Journal of Behavioral Science, 5(1), 1-14.
  • Çam, O. (1992). Tükenmişlik Envanterinin Geçerlik ve Güvenilirliğinin Araştırılması”, 7. Ulusal Psikoloji Kongresi Bilimsel Çalışmaları, Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Editörler: R. Bayraktar ve İ. Dağ, Ankara, 155-160.
  • Çavuş, M. F. ve Demir Y. (2010). The Impacts of Structural and Psychological Empowerment on Burnout: A Research on Staff Nurses in Turkish State Hospitals. Canadian Social Science, 6(4), 63-72.
  • Chen, C. C., ve Eastman, W. (1997). Toward a Civic Culture for Multicultural Organizations. Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 33, 454-470.
  • Chiang, C. F. ve Jang, S. (2008). The Antecedents and Consequences of Psychological Empowerment: The Case of Taiwan's Hotel Companies. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Research, 32, 40-61.
  • Çöl, G. (2008). Algılanan Güçlendirmenin İşgören Performansı Üzerine Etkileri. Doğuş Üniversitesi Dergisi, 9(1), 35-46.
  • Conger, J. A. ve Kanungo, R.N. (1988). The Empowerment Process: Integrating Theory and Practice. Academy Of Management Review, 13, 471-482.
  • Cortina, L. M., Magley V. J., Williams J. H. ve Langhout R. D. (2001). Incivility in the Workplace: Incidence and Impact. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 6(1), 64-80.
  • Dion, M. J. (2006). The Impact of Workplace Incivility and Occupational Stress on the Job Satisfaction and Turnover Intention of Acute Care Nurses. Doctoral Dissertation, University Of Connecticut.
  • Ergin, C. (1992). Doktor ve Hemşirelerde Tükenmişlik ve Maslach Tükenmişlik Ölçeğinin Uyarlanması. VII. Ulusal Psikoloji Kongresi, Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Ankara.
  • Erickson, K. (1962). Notes on the Sociology of Deviance. Social Problems, 9, 307-314.
  • Ferguson, M. (2012). You Cannot Leave it at the Office: Spillover and Crossover of Coworker Incivility”, Journal of Organizational Behavior, 33, 571-588.
  • Giacalone, R. A. ve Greenberg, J. (1997). Antisocial Behavior in Organizations. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Gilbert, S., Laschinger, H. K. ve Leiter, M. P. (2010). The Mediating Effect of Burnout on the Relationship Between Structural Empowerment and Organizational Citizenship Behaviours. Journal of Nursing Management, 18, 339-348.
  • Hartman, E. (1996). Organizational Ethics. England: Oxford University Press.
  • Hatcher, S, Laschinger, H. K. (1996). Staff Nurses' Perceptions of Power and Opportunity and Level of Burnout: A Test of Kanter's Structural Theory of Organizational Behaviour. Canadian Journal of Nursing Administration. 9(2), 74–94.
  • Hutton, S. ve Gates, D. (2008). Workplace Incivility and Productivity Losses among Direct Care Staff. Journal of American Association of Occupational Health Nurses, 56(4), 168-175.
  • Kanter, R. M. (1979). Power Failure in Management Circuits. Harvard Business Review, 57, 65-75.
  • Kanter, R. M. (1993). Men and Women of the Corporation, (2nd Edition), New York, Basic Books.
  • Kinney, J. A. (1995). Violence at Work: How to Make Your Company Safer for Employees and Customers. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall.
  • Kluska, K. M., Laschinger, H. K. S. ve Kerr, M. S. (2004). Staff Nurse Empowerment and Effort-Reward Imbalance. Nursing Leadership, 17(1), 112-128.
  • Kutzcher, L. (1994). Staff Nurses' Perceptions of Power and Degree of Participative Management: A Test of Kanter's Structural Theory of Power, Unpublished Master's Thesis, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.
  • Laschinger, H. K. S. (2004). Hospital Nurses' Perceptions of Respect and Organizational Justice. Journal of Nursing Administration, 37 (7/8), 354-364.
  • Laschinger, H. K. S. (1996). A Theoretical Approach to Studying Work Empowerment in Nursing: A Review of Studies Testing Kanter's Theory of Structural Power in Organizations. Nursing Administrative Quarterly. 20(2), 25-41.
  • Laschinger, H. K. S. ve Finegan, J. (2005). Empowering Nurses for Work Engagement and Health in Hospital Settings. Nursing Economics, 35(10), 439-449.
  • Laschinger, H. K. S. ve Havens, D. (1997). The Effect of Workplace Empowerment on Staff Nurses' Occupational Mental Health and Work Effectiveness: Testing Kanter's Model or Organizational Empowerment. Journal of Nursing Administration, 27(6), 42-50.
  • Laschinger, H. K. S., Finegan, J., Shamian, J. ve Wilk, P. (2001). Impact of Structural and Psychological Empowerment on Job Strain in Nursing Work Settings. Journal of Nursing Administration, 31(5), 260-272.
  • Laschinger, H. K. S., Finegan, J., Shamian, J. ve Wilk, P. (2004). A Longitudinal Analysis of the Impact of Workplace Empowerment on Work Satisfaction. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 25(4), 527-545.
  • Laschinger, H. K. S., Finegan, J. ve Wilk, P. (2009a). Context Matters: The Impact of Unit Leadership and Empowerment on Nurses' Organizational Commitment. Journal of Nursing Administration, 39(5), 228-235.
  • Laschinger, H. K. S., Finegan, J., Shamian, J. ve Wilk, P. (2003). Workplace Empowerment as a Predictor of Nurse Burnout in Restructured Healthcare Settings. Longwoods Review, 1(3), 2-11.
  • Laschinger, H. K. S., Leiter, M., Day, A., Gilin, D. (2009b). Workplace Empowerment, Incivility, and Burnout: Impact on Staff Nurse Recruitment and Retention Outcomes. Journal of Nursing Management, 17, 302-311.
  • Laschinger, H. K. S., Wong, C. A. ve Greco, P. (2006). The Impact of Staff Nurse Empowerment on Person-Job Fit and Work Engagement/Burnout. Nursing Administration Quarterly, 30(4), 358-367.
  • Laschinger, H. K. S., Gilbert, S., Smith, L. M. ve Leslie, K. (2010). Towards a Comprehensive Theory of Nurse/Patient Empowerment: Applying Kanter's Empowerment Theory to Patient Care. Journal Of Nursing Management, 18, 4-13.
  • MacIntosh, J. (2005). Experiences of Workplace Bullying in a Rural Area. Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 26 (9), 893-910.
  • Marks, J. (1996). The American Uncivil Wars, U.S. News and World Report, April 22, 66-72.
  • Marks, M. ve Nelson, E. (1993). Sexual Harassment on Campus: Effects of Professor Gender on Perception of Sexually Harassing Behaviors. Sex Roles, 28, 207-217.
  • Maslach, C. ve Jackson, S. E. (1981). The Measurement of Experienced Burnout. Journal of Occupational Behavior, 2, 99-113.
  • Maslach, C., ve Leiter, M. P. (1997). The Truth About Burnout. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
  • Maslach, C., Schaufeli, W. B., ve Leiter, M. P. (2001). Job Burnout. Annual Review of Psychology, 52, 397-422.
  • Maslach, C. ve Zimbardo, P. G. (1982). Burnout – The Cost of Caring, Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey.
  • Menon, S. (2001). Employee Empowerment: An Integrative Psychological Approach. Applied Psychology: An International Review. 50 (1), 153-180.
  • O'Brien L. (1997). The Relationship Between Registered Nurses' Perceptions of Job-Related Empowerment and Occupational Mental Health: A Test of Kanter's Theory of Organizational Behavior, Master's Thesis. London, Ontario: University Of Western Ontario.
  • O'Brien, J. L. (2010). Structural Empowerment, Psychological Empowerment and Burnout in Registered Staff Nurses Working in Outpatient Dialysis Centers, Degree of Doctor of Philosophy, New Jersey, The State University of New Jersey.
  • Pearson, C. M., Andersson L. M. ve Porath C. L. (2000). Assessing and Attacking Workplace Incivility, Organizational Dynamics, 29(3), 123-137.
  • Penney, L. M. ve Spector, P. E. (2005). Job Stress Incivility and Counterproductive Work Behavior (Cwb): The Moderating Role of Negative Affectivity. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 26, 777-779.
  • Perlow, R. ve Latham, L. L. (1993). Relationship of Client Abuse with Locus of Control and Gender: A Longitudinal Study in Mental Retardation Facilities. Journal of Applied Psychology, 78, 831-834.
  • Porath, C. ve Pearson, C. (2009). How Toxic Colleagues Corrode Performance, Harvard Business Review, 87(4), 24.
  • Sigler, T. H., Pearson, C. M. (2000). Creating an Empowering Culture: Examining the Relationship Between Organizational Culture and Perceptions of Empowerment. Journal Of Quality Management, 5, 27-52.
  • Smith, L. M., Andrusyszyn, M. A. ve Laschinger, H. K. S. (2010). Effects of Workplace Incivility and Empowerment on Newly-Graduated Nurses' Organizational Commitment. Journal of Nursing Management, 18, 1004-1015.
  • Spreitzer, G. (1996). Social Structural Characteristics of Psychological Empowerment. Academy Of Management Journal, 39(2), 483-504.
  • Spreitzer, G. M. (1995). Psychological Empowerment in the Workplace: Dimensions, Measurement, and Validation. The Academy of Management Journal, 38(5), 1442-1465.
  • Thomas, K. W. ve Velthouse, B. A. (1990). Cognitive Elements of Empowerment. Academy of Management Review, 15(4), 666-681.
  • Tolay, E., Sürgevil, O. ve Topoyan, M. (2012). Akademik Çalışma Ortamında Yapısal ve Psikolojik Güçlendirmenin Duygusal Bağlılık ve İş Doyumu Üzerindeki Etkileri. Ege Akademik Bakış, 12(4), 449-465.
  • Ullum, A. G. (2011). Understanding the Determinants of Job Satisfaction, Degree of Master of Science in Nursing, San Diego State University.
  • Vacharakiat, M. (2008). The Relationships of Empowerment, Job Satisfaction and Organization Commitment Between Filipino and American Registered Nurses Working in the USA. Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Nursing, George Mason University, Fairfax VA.
  • Yürür, S. ve Demir, K. (2011). Örgütsel Adalet ve Psikolojik Güçlendirme: Karşılıklı Etkileri Üzerine Bir Araştırma. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 16(3) 311-335.
Toplam 61 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Makale
Yazarlar

Sema Polatcı

Fatih Özçalık

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Ağustos 2013
Gönderilme Tarihi 25 Haziran 2013
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2013 Cilt: 1 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Polatcı, S., & Özçalık, F. (2013). YAPISAL VE PSİKOLOJİK GÜÇLENDİRMENİN İŞYERİ NEZAKETSİZLİĞİ VE TÜKENMİŞLİĞE ETKİSİ. İşletme Bilimi Dergisi, 1(1), 17-34.