SMART CITY LOGISTICS SPATIAL RELATIONS

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 1, 237 - 261, 30.04.2019

Gülşen T. Aydın , Zübeyde Öztürk

https://doi.org/10.22139/jobs.536608

Cited By: 1

Öz

The century we live in is surrounded by technological innovations witnessed by human life. One of them is technological innovations in the field of transportation and logistics. Geographical Information Systems (GIS) based dynamic information systems, intelligent transportation systems (ITS) and other technological innovations, such as logistics information systems (LIS), have enabled users to select the most appropriate route and reduce travel time. These innovations are also used to increase the efficiency of cargo delivery operations . 

Technological changes have also changed the ways of urban transport-logistic space decision making, which is the biggest contribution of urban logistics intelligence to the city. For example, a comparative analysis of the urban load mobility of the two cities in Spain was made by using the data obtained from the global positioning system (GPS) technology. The aim of the study is to show that urban load movements can be determined and modeled by GPS data and provide an evaluation of where and how urban logistics policies will be implemented efficiently. Also in Londra, a supplier has conducted a study on the role of electrical delivery vehicles to reduce traffic and environmental impacts.  In the study, in which the logistics service providers in the Netherlands explained how they have developed a more Euro 5 engines have their own solutions without public support in order to improve the logistics of the city of providing logistics services in the Netherlands, such as GPS navigation systems, silent vehicles, equipment and communication technologies focused on solutions.

The development of sustainable urban forms all around the world has begun to be supported by technology and the concept of smart city has been born. Today, too much work is being done on the concept of smart city. One of the most important functions of the smart city concept is the concept of smart mobility. The concept of smart mobility includes all human, freight and information flow that moves in the urban area. Smart cities will require smart city logistics with real-time data. The technology infrastructure for a city will become indispensable for its complex life and intelligent load mobility, in the city in logistics, "last mile (the so-called problem of the final stage of delivery to the customer in the distribution channels)" and "capillary distribution (blood flow distribution in living bodies). The concept used for delivery to the end consumer within the supply chain network inspired by the system will contribute to the development of eco-systems . 

Since urban logistics is a systematic structure that focuses on planning, design and implementation, reasoning is important in urban development. Systems such as the development and use of cargo units in urban areas, urban consolidation centers and the development of underground logistics, and the consolidation and coordination processes between them are within the scope of intelligent urban logistics. In addition, intelligent load, vehicle and information mobility in urban areas and combinatorial discrete-selection position models and network design formulations used in urban logistics planning and design expand the scope of intelligent urban logistics. 

In addition, planning decision support systems in urban logistics areas and urban load distribution with e-commerce, urban transport networks, logistics facilities and other basic urban infrastructure collection and analysis, urban distribution network design and planning, modern information technology and related scientific and technological use of applications and urban logistics resources, intelligent timing and fast and efficient load distribution, real-time query platforms, urban public distribution network applications are covered by intelligent urban logistics. Again, taking into consideration the future targets of the logistics activities of the city, an advanced information system, cooperation of freight transportation systems, public logistics terminals and new concepts and solutions such as the underground transportation of the freight transportation system and technological innovations in the vehicles can be counted among the smart city logistics solutions. 

In order to promote urban sustainable development, this study, which explains the benefits of load and fleet movement in urban areas, is important in this respect. In the study, "smart city, smart city logistics, urban logistics, urban planning, urban logistics planning, city logistics, intelligent transportation systems, logistics information technologies, transportation and logistics decision making process, decision support systems, logistics network design, modeling, GPS, multiple examples such as transportation, new vehicle technologies, etc. have been analyzed in foreign and domestic literature and examples from world applications have been made. 

In this study, it is aimed to explain the concepts of urban logistics, smart city and smart city logistics and technology based components of smart city logistics. Access to real-time data, cloud technology, modeling, urban planning and decision support systems, geographic information systems, location selection and place in city logistics network planning and design, e-commerce, e-logistics, e-freight, effects of internet on smart urban logistics and small city distribution centers and warehouse handling activities, multi-load transportation methods and new vehicle technologies. 

The study focuses on explaining the benefits of intelligent urban logistics to urban and urban load mobility with the examples given in research subjects such as smart city logistics platforms with real-time query facilities and programs that companies apply specifically. 

In this study, the concepts of logistics and smart city logistics in urban areas, the advantages of daily life of smart city logistics, intelligent information platforms within the scope of smart city logistics and examples of innovative applications such as company specific programs are given. 

Urban logistics requires a range of data and knowledge to identify problems in the urban area, to collect and analyze data, to know the spread of urban logistics, to develop models and to evaluate alternatives. The integration of all these logistics activities with the technology constitutes the intelligent smart city logistics. Smart city logistics, which increases the benefits of security and user, but also reduces pollution, consumption and congestion in the city.

The aim of smart city logistics is to minimize carbon emissions and urban congestion due to urban mobility, to save energy, to achieve zero error in accidents and security, to reduce logistics operation costs and to improve the quality of life in the city. Two of the three principles on which city logistics relies are sustainability and liveability are concepts that ensure the continuity of intelligent mobility . 

Sustainability and quality of life objectives are the elements that focus on smart city development. Innovative technologies are needed to address the logistics challenges of smart cities in urban areas. The smart city will have many different uses in the form of technologies, automation, sensors, analytics and integration of IoT in the realization of urban space. 

The connection of intelligent urban logistics with urban space consists of communication technologies systems and advanced technologies that make people, loads, vehicles and roads integrated smart. Advanced electronic and communication technologies have the ability not only to reduce the wisdom of data to space in urban areas , but also to reduce the costs of dispatch, increase productivity and operation speed of local delivery vehicles, intervene immediately in the supply chain, and exchange data and information between stakeholders in the chain. Therefore, the main function of these technologies, which have horizontal data integration, is to rationalize and integrate. While real-time data collection, data processing and information distribution can be realized in the rationalization function, they connect and coordinate the main elements of the system in the integration function. 

Rationalizing the relationship between space and mobility in urban areas reduces environmental and social negative impacts. These technologies offer a wide range of opportunities to cities to improve land use and urban logistics plans. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

City logistics, smart city, intelligent mobility, geographic information systems, modelling

AKILLI KENT LOJİSTİĞİNİN MEKANSAL İLİŞKİLENDİRİLMESİ

Öz

Amaç: Bu çalışma, sürdürülebilir kentsel gelişmeyi teşvik etmek için kentsel alanlardaki yük, filo ve bilgi hareketinin akıllandırılmasının yararlarını, arazi yer seçimine ve kullanımına etkilerini, mekansal ilişkilenmesini, kente ve kentsel yük mobilitesine getirdiği kolaylıkları açıklamayı amaçlamaktadır.

Yöntem: Çalışma, nitel araştırmanın avantajlarından yararlanmayı hedeflemiştir. Çalışmada akıllı kent, akıllı kent lojistiği, kentsel lojistik, kent planlama, kent lojistik planlaması, akıllı ulaşım sistemleri, kentsel lojistik bilgi teknolojileri, ulaşım ve lojistik karar verme süreci, karar destek sistemleri, lojistik ağ tasarımı, modelleme, coğrafi bilgi sistemleri, çoklu taşıma, yeni araç teknolojileri vb. gibi anahtar kavramların yabancı ve yerli bilimsel literatür taraması yapılmıştır. Çalışmada Avrupa'da yapılan bir anket çalışmasının sonuçlarına da yer verilerek, akıllı kent lojistiği bilinci Avrupa düzeyinde irdelenmeye çalışılmış ve gerçekleşmiş güncel uygulamalarla yeryüzünde kullanım ilişkilerine örnekler verilmiştir. 

Bulgular ve Sonuç: Kentsel lojistik ve ulaşım altyapı verileri elde etmek, kentsel dağıtım ağ tasarımı ve planlaması yapmak, gerçek zamanlı sorgu imkânları olan akıllı bilgi platformları ve kentsel mal dağıtımında akıllı zamanlama gibi araştırma konularında akıllı kent lojistiğinin mekanla olan ilişkisi, mekana olan etkileri ile kente ve kentsel yük mobilitesine getirdiği kolaylıklar açıklanmıştır. Yine akıllı kent lojistiğinin, kent planlama, karar destek sistemleri, lojistik ağ, tesis planlama ve tasarımı ile yer seçimi, modelleme, trafik, gerçek zamanlı veriye erişim ve bulut teknolojisi, veri analizi, akıllı çevre dostu araçlar, çoklu yük taşıma (intermodal-multimodal taşıma) otomasyon sistemleri, operasyon yönetim yazılım ve donanımları gibi kent lojistiğinin akıllandırılarak kent mekana indirgenmesi için gereken analitik ve entegrasyonal birçok farklı kullanım alanları ortaya konmaya çalışılmıştır. Çalışma, akıllı kent lojistiğinin mekansal boyutu ve ilişkisi ile kent günlük yaşamını etkileyen avantajlarını ortaya koymaktadır. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kentsel Lojistik, Akıllı Kent, Akıllı hareketlilik, Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemleri

Kaynakça

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