DETERMINANTS OF BANK LENDING AND CREDIT ACCESSIBILITY OF MICRO, SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 3, 299 - 313, 31.12.2022

Adeshola Olunuga

https://doi.org/10.22139/jobs.1093265

Öz

Aim: The aim of the study is, besides other things, to establish the extent in which determinants of bank lending are implemented in association with the performance of micro, small and medium enterprises in Nigeria.
Method: The study applied the econometrics method of data analysis. Secondary data for the research were gathered from the Central Bank of Nigeria's Statistical Bulletin, which has a long history of providing accessible, adequate, accurate, and reliable data. Multiple regression analysis was used in conjunction with Stata software.
Findings: The study shows that bank size has a significant influence on bank lending to MSMEs, the regression coefficient further reveals that bank size is negatively associated with bank lending to MSMEs, this implies that an increase in bank size will not always bring about an increase in bank lending to MSMEs. The finding also shows that credit risk and bank liquidity have a significant influence on bank lending to MSMEs, the regression result further reveals that credit risk is negatively associated with bank lending to MSMEs, thus implying that an increase in credit risk will cause a decrease in lending to MSMEs in the same vein liquidity ratio was found to be positively related to bank lending to MSMEs, thus implying that higher liquidity ratio will propel higher bank lending to MSMEs. Finally, the finding shows that the volume of deposits and interest rates have a significant relationship with bank lending to MSMEs. The regression result further reveals that interest rate is negatively associated with bank lending to MSMEs, thus implying that an increase in interest rate will cause a decrease in bank lending to MSMEs. In the same vein volume of deposits was found to be positively related to bank lending to MSMEs, thus implying that an increase in the volume of deposits will cause an increase in bank lending to MSMEs
Results: The study concluded that the determinants of bank lending have an effect on the access to capital and the development of MSMEs in Nigeria. The research suggested that banks should develop an alternative financing strategy that would alleviate lending constraints to MSMEs. This is because MSMEs are subjected to strict terms and conditions by banks, prompting them to seek other sources of funding that may be insufficient to finance their operations and ensure their survival.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kewords: Determinants of Bank Lending, Credit Accessibility, MSMEs Growth, Commercial Banks, and Economic Development

MİKRO, KÜÇÜK VE ORTA İŞLETMELERDE BANKA KREDİSİNİN VE KREDİ ERİŞİLEBİLİRLİĞİNİN BELİRLEYİCİLERİ

Öz

Amaç: Çalışmanın amacı Nijerya'daki mikro, küçük ve orta ölçekli işletmelerin performansı ile uygulanan banka kredileri belirleyicilerinin ne ölçüde ilişkili olduğunu tespit etmektir.
Yöntem: Çalışmada veri analizi için ekonometri yöntemi uygulandı. Araştırma için ikincil veriler, erişilebilir, yeterli, doğru ve güvenilir veriler sağlama konusunda uzun bir geçmişe sahip olan Nijerya Merkez Bankası İstatistik Bülteni'nden toplanmıştır. Stata yazılımı ile birlikte çoklu regresyon analizi kullanıldı.
Bulgular: Çalışma, banka büyüklüğünün KOBİ'lere verilen banka kredileri üzerinde önemli bir etkiye sahip olduğunu göstermektedir. Regresyon katsayısı banka büyüklüğünün KOBİ'lere verilen banka kredileri ile negatif ilişkili olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır, bu da banka büyüklüğündeki bir artışın her zaman bankaların kredilerinde bir artışa neden olmayacağı anlamına gelmektedir. Bulgular ayrıca kredi riskinin ve banka likiditesinin bankaların KOBİ'lere kredi vermeleri üzerinde önemli bir etkiye sahip olduğunu göstermektedir. Regresyon sonucu kredi riskinin bankaların KOBİ'lere kredi vermeleriyle negatif ilişkili olduğunu ortaya koymakta, dolayısıyla kredi riskindeki bir artışın kredi vermede azalmaya neden olacağını ima etmektedir. Benzer şekilde likidite oranının KOBİ'lere banka kredisi vermeyle pozitif ilişkili olduğu bulunmuştur. Bu da daha yüksek likidite oranının KOBİ'lere daha yüksek banka kredisi verilmesini teşvik edeceğini göstermektedir. Son olarak, bulgular mevduat hacminin ve faiz oranının bankaların KOBİ'lere verdiği kredilerle önemli bir ilişkisinin olduğunu göstermektedir. Regresyon sonucu ayrıca, faiz oranının KOBİ'lere verilen banka kredileri ile negatif ilişkili olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır, bu nedenle faiz oranındaki bir artışın KOBİ'lere verilen banka kredilerinde bir azalmaya neden olacağını göstermektedir. Benzer şekilde mevduat hacminin banka kredileri ile pozitif ilişkili olduğu bulunmuştur. Bu, mevduat hacmindeki bir artışın, KOBİ'lere verilen banka kredilerinde bir artışa neden olacağı anlamına gelmektedir.
Sonuçlar: Çalışmada banka kredilerinin belirleyicilerinin Nijerya'daki KOBİ'lerin sermayeye erişimi ve gelişimi üzerinde bir etkisi olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Çalışma bankaların KOBİ'lere yönelik kredi kısıtlamalarını hafifletecek alternatif bir finansman stratejisi geliştirilmesi gerektiğini öne sürmektedir. Bunun nedeni, KOBİ'lerin bankalar tarafından katı hüküm ve koşullara tabi tutulmaları ve bu nedenle KOBİ’lerin faaliyetlerini finanse etmek ve hayatta kalmalarını sağlamak için yetersiz olabilecek başka finansman kaynakları aramaya sevk etmesidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Anahtar Kelimeler: Banka Kredisinin Belirleyicileri, Kredi Erişilebilirliği, KOBİ, Ticari Bankalar ve Ekonomik Kalkınma

Kaynakça

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