Futbolda Defansif Aksiyonların Göreceli Etkinliğinin Veri Zarflama Analizi ile Belirlenmesi: Türkiye Süper Ligi Örneği

Öz

Bu çalışma, Türkiye Süper Ligi 2023–2024 sezonunda mücadele eden 20 profesyonel futbol takımının defansif performanslarını göreli etkinlik temelinde analiz etmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Modern futbolda savunma performansı, sadece bireysel becerilerle değil, takımın bütüncül stratejik yaklaşımıyla şekillenmektedir. Dolayısıyla bu alanda yapılacak ölçümler, futbol takımlarının sportif başarısı için kritik öneme sahiptir. Bu bağlamda, çalışmada çıktı yönelimli Veri Zarflama Analizi (VZA) yöntemi kullanılarak, takımların savunma aksiyonları (savunma müdahalesi, araya girme, engellenen şut ve uzaklaştırma) ile sezon genelinde elde ettikleri sonuçlar (yenilen gol sayısı ve kaybedilmeyen maç sayısı) arasındaki etkinlik ilişkisi değerlendirilmiştir. Analiz sonucunda Galatasaray, Fenerbahçe, Kasımpaşa, Pendikspor ve İstanbulspor gibi hem üst sıralarda hem de orta-alt sıralarda yer alan bazı takımlar tam etkin bulunurken; diğer takımlar için teknik veya ölçeksel iyileştirme önerileri sunulmuştur. Özellikle düşük puanla sezonu tamamlayan ancak tam etkin bulunan takımların mevcut savunma kaynaklarını etkili kullandıkları; buna karşın başarıya ulaşmak için bu kaynakların yeterli olmadığı tespit edilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgular, teknik ekiplerin savunma stratejilerini geliştirmeleri açısından önemli bir karar desteği sunmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Veri Zarflama Analizi (VZA)
• Göreli Etkinlik
• Defansif Performans
• Futbol Analitiği
• Türkiye Süper Ligi
• Çıktı Yönelimli Model
• Sportif Performans Değerlendirmesi

Destekleyen Kurum

Selçuk Üniversitesi BAP Koordinatörlüğü

Proje Numarası

25401064

Etik Beyan

Çalışma için etik kurul iznine gerek yoktur.

Teşekkür

Bu çalışma Selçuk Üniversitesi BAP Koordinatörlüğü tarafından (Proje No: 25401064) desteklenmiştir.

Determining the Relative Efficiency of Defensive Actions in Football Using Data Envelopment Analysis: The Case of Turkish Super League

Öz

This study aims to analyze the defensive performance of 20 professional football teams competing in the 2023–2024 season of the Turkish Super League based on relative efficiency. In modern football, defensive performance is shaped not only by individual skills but also by the team's holistic strategic approach. Therefore, performance measurement in this area holds critical importance for the sporting success of football teams. In this context, the study employs output-oriented Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method to evaluate the efficiency relationship between teams’ defensive actions (tackles, interceptions, shots blocked, and clearances) and their season-long outcomes (number of goals conceded and number of matches not lost). The analysis revealed that some teams—including Galatasaray, Fenerbahçe, Kasımpaşa, Pendikspor, and İstanbulspor—were found to be efficient despite being positioned both at the top and mid-lower sections of the league table. For the remaining teams, technical or scale-related improvement recommendations were provided. Particularly, teams that finished the season with fewer points but achieved full efficiency were identified as utilizing their defensive resources effectively; however, these resources were deemed insufficient to achieve overall success. The findings offer valuable decision support for coaching staff aiming to enhance defensive strategies.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA)
• Relative Efficiency
• Defensive Performance
• Football Analytics
• Turkish Super League
• Output-Oriented Model
• Sports Performance Evaluation

Proje Numarası

25401064

Kaynakça

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