Determination of Butterflies’ Potential in Tourism Diversification Based on a Route-Planning Case Study in Botan Valley National Park, Turkey
Yıl 2021,
, 104 - 123, 31.12.2021
Volkan Genç
,
Erdem Seven
,
Nihat Kaymaz
Öz
This paper intended to clarify the importance of studying Botan Valley’s nature with the biodiversity as an ecotourism site and alternative tourism. Butterfly watching is an alternative sort of ecotourism and special interest tourism activity that has grown in popularity in recent years. Turkey hosts various butterfly species, as it does other animal and plant species. Butterfly watching is important for diversification in the sustainable tourism industry. But butterfly watching has yet to be sufficiently investigated. To address this deficiency, the authors conducted a case study in Botan Valley, Siirt province, located in southeastern Turkey. Botan Valley is among the new national parks of Turkey and spans approximately 29 kilometers. The butterfly species in the study region were identified by collecting or photographing samples between the years of 2017 and 2020. A total of 78 species of butterflies belonging to 7 families were determined. Of those species, 63 were first discovered in the valley. The list of identified species and photos of many species are presented in the paper. The most suitable trekking route has been determined and created in the valley where nature lovers can watch and photograph these butterflies on foot. The diversity of butterflies in Botan Valley contributes to the location’s potential as a source of wildlife watching tourism opportunities.
Teşekkür
We thank Doğan YOLBAŞ for the determination of coordinates of the created route in Botan Valley National Park. We also thank Dr. Murat GÜMÜŞ (Batman University, School of Tourism and Hotel Management, Batman, Turkey) for encourages and suggestions on the research. The map used in Figure 2 is a modified version of that courtesy of http://d-maps.com.
Kaynakça
- Adriana, G., Alan, A. L., & Perez, M. S. (2020). COVID-19 is expanding global consciousness and the sustainability of travel and tourism. Tourism Geographies, Doi. 10.1080/14616688.2020.1760924.
- Alan, A. L., Cheer, J. M., Haywood, M., Brouder, P., & Salazar, N. B. (2020). Visions of travel and tourism after the global COVID-19 transformation of 2020. Tourism Geographies, 22(3), 455-466, Doi. 10.1080/14616688.2020.1770326.
- Alkan, A. (2018). Orta ve aşağı Botan Vadisi’nin ekoturizm potansiyeline analitik bir yaklaşım [An Analytical Approach to the Ecotourism Potential of Middle and Lower Botan Valley]. Atatürk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 22 (Special issue), 475-499.
- Aquino, J. F., Burns, G. L., & Granquist, S. M. (2021). A responsible framework for managing wildlife watching tourism: The case of seal watching in Iceland. Ocean & Coastal Management, 210, 105670.
- Atalay, I., & Mortan, K. (2006). Türkiye bölgesel coğrafyası [Turkey’s regional geography]. Istanbul: Inkılap Kitabevi, Geniş.
- Baytaş, A. (2007). A field guide to the butterflies of Turkey. Istanbul: NTV Publications.
- Belicia, T. X. Y., & Islam, M. S. (2018). Towards a decommodified wildlife tourism: Why market environmentalism is not enough for conservation. Societies, 8(3), 59.
- Caudill, J. & Laughland, A. (1998). 1996 National and state economic impacts of wildlife watching, Report 1996-1. Arlington: US Fish and Wildlife Service.
- Caudill, J. (2003). 2001 National and state economic impacts of wildlife watching, Report 2001-2. Arlington: US Fish and Wildlife Service.
- Çelik, P., & Topsakal, Y. (2017). Butterfly watching in Turkey within the scope of alternative tourism. Innovation and Global Issues in Social Sciences Congress, Patara Antique City Parliament Building, April 27-29, Antalya.
- Chan J., & Baum, T. (2007) Ecotourists’ perception of ecotourism experience in Lower Kinabatangan, Sabah, Malaysia. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 15(5), 574-590.
- Chester, G. & Crabtree, G. (2002). Australia: The nature and ecotourism accreditation Program. In: M. Honey (Ed.), Ecotourism & certification: Setting standards in practice. Washington, DC: Island Press, pp.81-95.
- Cheung, L. & Fok, L. (2014). Assessing the role of ecotourism training in changing participants’ pro-environmental knowledge, attitude and behaviour. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 19(6), 645-666.
- Choudhury, K., Kakati D., Ghosh S., Singha H., & Kalitas, J. (2019). Status of butterflies and its tourism potential in Manas biosphere reserve. Biodiversity of Northeast India Status of Butterflies Proc. Nat. Sem, AVC Conferans Paper: India.
- Collin, P. H. (2004). Dictionary of environment & ecology. London: Bloomsbury Publishing Plc.
- Cong, L., Newsome, D., Wu, B., & Morrison, A. M. (2017). Wildlife tourism in China: a review of the Chinese research literature. Current Issues in Tourism, 20(11), 1116-1139.
- Curtin, S., & Wilkes, K. (2005). British wildlife tourism operators: Current issues and typologies. Current Issues in Tourism, 8(6), 455-478.
- De Vos, J. (2020). The effect of COVID-19 and subsequent social distancing on travel behavior. Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives, 5, 3-4.
Fennell, A. D. (2015). Ecotourism. London and Newyork: Routledge.
- Fletcher, R., Büscher, B., Massarella, K., & Koot, S. (2020) Ecotourism and Conservation under COVID-19 and Beyond, ATLAS Tourism and Leisure Review Volume, 2020-2, 42-50.
- Freya, H. D. (2020). Socialising tourism for social and ecological justice after COVID-19. Tourism Geographies, DOİ. 10.1080/14616688.2020.1757748.
- Genç, V., & Seven, E. (2020). Kelebek gözlemciliği ve Türkiye’nin kelebek turizm potansiyeli [Butterfly Watching and Turkey’s Butterflies Tourism Potential]. Türk Turizm Araştırmaları Dergisi, 4(3), 3064-3081.
- Gonzalez, D., Pinto, L., Sousa, D., Oliveira, I., & Oliveira, P. S. (2017). Butterfly species richness and diversity on Tourism Trails of Northeast Portugal. Journal of Entomological Science, 52(3), 248-260.
- Gülertekin Genç, S. (2018). Destinasyon Estetik Yargısı ile Estetik Mesafenin Turistin Davranışsal Niyeti Üzerindeki Etkisi [The Effect of Destination Aesthetic Judgment and Aesthetic Distance on Tourist’s Behavioral Intention], (Unpublished PhD Thesis), Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi: Eskişehir.
- Gullan, P. J., & Cranston, P. S. (2010). The Insects an Outline of Entomology. Australia: Wiley- Blackwell.
- Hesselbarth, G., van Oorschot, H., & Wagener S. (1995). Die Tagfalter der Türkei: unter Berücksichtigung der angrenzenden Länder. Bd. 2. Spezieller Teil: Nymphalidae. Fundortverzeichnis, Sammlerverzeichnis, Literaturverzeichnis, Indices. Wagener
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- John, E., Başbay, O., & Seven, E. (2018). Pontia Glauconome Klug, 1829 (Lepidoptera: Pieridae, Pierinae): A preliminary note on the species’ first recorded presence in Turkey. Entomologist’s Gazette, 69, 64.
- John, E., Başbay, O., Seven, E., & Kaymaz, N. (2020). Pontia Glauconome Klug, 1829 (Lepidoptera: Pieridae, Pierinae) in south-eastern Turkey: confirmation of breeding populations, with notes on the biology of early stages and on a species of the larval parasitoid Hyposoter Förster, 1869 (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae, Campopleginae). Entomologist’s Gazette, 71(1), 27-44. doi: 10.31184/G00138894.711.1722
- Karaçetin, E. & Welch, H. J. (2011). Türkiye’deki Kelebeklerin Kırmızı Kitabı [Red Book of Butterflies in Turkey]. Ankara: Doğa Koruma Merkezi.
- Kaufman, K. (2003). Butterflies of North America. Stenstrup: Thomas Allen & Son Limited.
- Kiracioglu, O., Batur, M., Safak, I., Boza, Z., Oner, H. H. (2013). Doğa yürüyüş güzergahlarının incelenmesi (Ovacık-Sinancilar ornegi) [Examination of nature walking routes (Example of Ovacik-Sinancilar)]. T.C. Orman ve Su İşleri Bakanlığı, Orman Genel Mudurlugu, Ege Ormancilik Arastirma Enstitusu Mudurlugu, Teknik Bulten No:55, Mudurluk Yayin No:73, 113s.
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- Kocak, A. O., & Seven, S. (1998). A tentative list of the threatened butterflies in Turkey. Cent. ent. Stud., Misc. Pap. 52, 3-8.
- Koday, S., Koday, Z. & Kizilkan, Y. (2018). Paragliding activities in Siirt province in terms of alternative tourism. International Geography Symposium on the 30th Anniversary of TUCAUM, 3-6 October, Ankara.
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- Laurent, E. L. (2000). Children, ‘Insects’ and Play in Japan. Inside; A. L. Podberscek, E.S. Paul & J.A. Serpell (Editors) Companion Animals and Us (pp. 61-89). New York: Cambridge University Press.
- Lemelin, R. H. (2007). Finding beauty in the Dragon: The role of Dragonflies in recreation and tourism. Journal of Ecotourism, 6(2), 139-145.
- Lemelin, R. H., & Lopez, P. F. J. (2019). Orange, black, and a little bit of white is the new shade of conservation: The role of tourism in Monarch Butterfly Conservation in Mexico. Journal of Ecotourism,1-13. doi: 10.1080/14724049.2019.1656726.
- Lemelin, R.H. (2013). The management of insects in recreation and tourism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Ministry of Culture and Tourism, (2007 Tourism Strategy of Turkey-2023. Kültür ve Turizm Bakanlığı yayınları, Ankara.
https://www.ktb.gov.tr/Eklenti/43537,turkeytourismstrategy2023pdf.pdf?0&_tag1=796689BB12A540BE0672E65E48D10C07D6DAE291
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- Pang, S. T., Sayok, A. K. & Jenang, M. (2016). Diversity of butterflies on Gunung Serambu, Sarawak, Malaysia. In: Das I, Tuen A. A. (Eds.) Naturalists, explorers and field scientists in South-East Asia and Australasia (pp. 197-213). Switzerland: Springer International Publishing.
- Pelham, J. P. (2020). A catalogue of the butterflies of the United States and Canada. Denver museum of natural history. Denver: Colorado, United States.
Quinn, M., & Klym, M. (2009). Texas Parks and Wildlife: An Introduction to Butterfly Watching. Texas.
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Determination of Butterflies’ Potential in Tourism Diversification Based on a Route-Planning Case Study in Botan Valley National Park, Turkey
Yıl 2021,
, 104 - 123, 31.12.2021
Volkan Genç
,
Erdem Seven
,
Nihat Kaymaz
Öz
This paper intended to clarify the importance of studying Botan Valley’s nature with the biodiversity as an ecotourism site and alternative tourism. Butterfly watching is an alternative sort of ecotourism and special interest tourism activity that has grown in popularity in recent years. Turkey hosts various butterfly species, as it does other animal and plant species. Butterfly watching is important for diversification in the sustainable tourism industry. But butterfly watching has yet to be sufficiently investigated. To address this deficiency, the authors conducted a case study in Botan Valley, Siirt province, located in southeastern Turkey. Botan Valley is among the new national parks of Turkey and spans approximately 29 kilometers. The butterfly species in the study region were identified by collecting or photographing samples between the years of 2017 and 2020. A total of 78 species of butterflies belonging to 7 families were determined. Of those species, 63 were first discovered in the valley. The list of identified species and photos of many species are presented in the paper. The most suitable trekking route has been determined and created in the valley where nature lovers can watch and photograph these butterflies on foot. The diversity of butterflies in Botan Valley contributes to the location’s potential as a source of wildlife watching tourism opportunities.
Kaynakça
- Adriana, G., Alan, A. L., & Perez, M. S. (2020). COVID-19 is expanding global consciousness and the sustainability of travel and tourism. Tourism Geographies, Doi. 10.1080/14616688.2020.1760924.
- Alan, A. L., Cheer, J. M., Haywood, M., Brouder, P., & Salazar, N. B. (2020). Visions of travel and tourism after the global COVID-19 transformation of 2020. Tourism Geographies, 22(3), 455-466, Doi. 10.1080/14616688.2020.1770326.
- Alkan, A. (2018). Orta ve aşağı Botan Vadisi’nin ekoturizm potansiyeline analitik bir yaklaşım [An Analytical Approach to the Ecotourism Potential of Middle and Lower Botan Valley]. Atatürk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 22 (Special issue), 475-499.
- Aquino, J. F., Burns, G. L., & Granquist, S. M. (2021). A responsible framework for managing wildlife watching tourism: The case of seal watching in Iceland. Ocean & Coastal Management, 210, 105670.
- Atalay, I., & Mortan, K. (2006). Türkiye bölgesel coğrafyası [Turkey’s regional geography]. Istanbul: Inkılap Kitabevi, Geniş.
- Baytaş, A. (2007). A field guide to the butterflies of Turkey. Istanbul: NTV Publications.
- Belicia, T. X. Y., & Islam, M. S. (2018). Towards a decommodified wildlife tourism: Why market environmentalism is not enough for conservation. Societies, 8(3), 59.
- Caudill, J. & Laughland, A. (1998). 1996 National and state economic impacts of wildlife watching, Report 1996-1. Arlington: US Fish and Wildlife Service.
- Caudill, J. (2003). 2001 National and state economic impacts of wildlife watching, Report 2001-2. Arlington: US Fish and Wildlife Service.
- Çelik, P., & Topsakal, Y. (2017). Butterfly watching in Turkey within the scope of alternative tourism. Innovation and Global Issues in Social Sciences Congress, Patara Antique City Parliament Building, April 27-29, Antalya.
- Chan J., & Baum, T. (2007) Ecotourists’ perception of ecotourism experience in Lower Kinabatangan, Sabah, Malaysia. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 15(5), 574-590.
- Chester, G. & Crabtree, G. (2002). Australia: The nature and ecotourism accreditation Program. In: M. Honey (Ed.), Ecotourism & certification: Setting standards in practice. Washington, DC: Island Press, pp.81-95.
- Cheung, L. & Fok, L. (2014). Assessing the role of ecotourism training in changing participants’ pro-environmental knowledge, attitude and behaviour. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 19(6), 645-666.
- Choudhury, K., Kakati D., Ghosh S., Singha H., & Kalitas, J. (2019). Status of butterflies and its tourism potential in Manas biosphere reserve. Biodiversity of Northeast India Status of Butterflies Proc. Nat. Sem, AVC Conferans Paper: India.
- Collin, P. H. (2004). Dictionary of environment & ecology. London: Bloomsbury Publishing Plc.
- Cong, L., Newsome, D., Wu, B., & Morrison, A. M. (2017). Wildlife tourism in China: a review of the Chinese research literature. Current Issues in Tourism, 20(11), 1116-1139.
- Curtin, S., & Wilkes, K. (2005). British wildlife tourism operators: Current issues and typologies. Current Issues in Tourism, 8(6), 455-478.
- De Vos, J. (2020). The effect of COVID-19 and subsequent social distancing on travel behavior. Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives, 5, 3-4.
Fennell, A. D. (2015). Ecotourism. London and Newyork: Routledge.
- Fletcher, R., Büscher, B., Massarella, K., & Koot, S. (2020) Ecotourism and Conservation under COVID-19 and Beyond, ATLAS Tourism and Leisure Review Volume, 2020-2, 42-50.
- Freya, H. D. (2020). Socialising tourism for social and ecological justice after COVID-19. Tourism Geographies, DOİ. 10.1080/14616688.2020.1757748.
- Genç, V., & Seven, E. (2020). Kelebek gözlemciliği ve Türkiye’nin kelebek turizm potansiyeli [Butterfly Watching and Turkey’s Butterflies Tourism Potential]. Türk Turizm Araştırmaları Dergisi, 4(3), 3064-3081.
- Gonzalez, D., Pinto, L., Sousa, D., Oliveira, I., & Oliveira, P. S. (2017). Butterfly species richness and diversity on Tourism Trails of Northeast Portugal. Journal of Entomological Science, 52(3), 248-260.
- Gülertekin Genç, S. (2018). Destinasyon Estetik Yargısı ile Estetik Mesafenin Turistin Davranışsal Niyeti Üzerindeki Etkisi [The Effect of Destination Aesthetic Judgment and Aesthetic Distance on Tourist’s Behavioral Intention], (Unpublished PhD Thesis), Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi: Eskişehir.
- Gullan, P. J., & Cranston, P. S. (2010). The Insects an Outline of Entomology. Australia: Wiley- Blackwell.
- Hesselbarth, G., van Oorschot, H., & Wagener S. (1995). Die Tagfalter der Türkei: unter Berücksichtigung der angrenzenden Länder. Bd. 2. Spezieller Teil: Nymphalidae. Fundortverzeichnis, Sammlerverzeichnis, Literaturverzeichnis, Indices. Wagener
- Higginbottom, K. (2004). Wildlife tourism: an introduction. Wildlife tourism: Impacts, management and planning, 1-14.
- IUCN. (2020). International Union for Conservation of Nature. https://www.iucn.org/ (Accessed on: 03.05.2020).
- John, E., Başbay, O., & Seven, E. (2018). Pontia Glauconome Klug, 1829 (Lepidoptera: Pieridae, Pierinae): A preliminary note on the species’ first recorded presence in Turkey. Entomologist’s Gazette, 69, 64.
- John, E., Başbay, O., Seven, E., & Kaymaz, N. (2020). Pontia Glauconome Klug, 1829 (Lepidoptera: Pieridae, Pierinae) in south-eastern Turkey: confirmation of breeding populations, with notes on the biology of early stages and on a species of the larval parasitoid Hyposoter Förster, 1869 (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae, Campopleginae). Entomologist’s Gazette, 71(1), 27-44. doi: 10.31184/G00138894.711.1722
- Karaçetin, E. & Welch, H. J. (2011). Türkiye’deki Kelebeklerin Kırmızı Kitabı [Red Book of Butterflies in Turkey]. Ankara: Doğa Koruma Merkezi.
- Kaufman, K. (2003). Butterflies of North America. Stenstrup: Thomas Allen & Son Limited.
- Kiracioglu, O., Batur, M., Safak, I., Boza, Z., Oner, H. H. (2013). Doğa yürüyüş güzergahlarının incelenmesi (Ovacık-Sinancilar ornegi) [Examination of nature walking routes (Example of Ovacik-Sinancilar)]. T.C. Orman ve Su İşleri Bakanlığı, Orman Genel Mudurlugu, Ege Ormancilik Arastirma Enstitusu Mudurlugu, Teknik Bulten No:55, Mudurluk Yayin No:73, 113s.
- Kocak, A. O., & Kemal, M. (2018). A synonymous and distributional list of the species of the Lepidoptera of Turkey. Centre for Entomological Studies Memoirs, 8, 481-487.
- Kocak, A. O., & Seven, S. (1998). A tentative list of the threatened butterflies in Turkey. Cent. ent. Stud., Misc. Pap. 52, 3-8.
- Koday, S., Koday, Z. & Kizilkan, Y. (2018). Paragliding activities in Siirt province in terms of alternative tourism. International Geography Symposium on the 30th Anniversary of TUCAUM, 3-6 October, Ankara.
- Koh, L. P. (2007). Impacts of land use change on South-east Asian forest butterflies: A review. J. Appl. Ecol. 44, 703-713.
- KTB. (2020). https://www.ktb.gov.tr/EN-249298/border-statistics.html (Accessed on: 16.09.2020)
- Kurnianto, A. S., Wafa, I. Y., Alifianto, F., & Kurniawan, N. (2016). The potential of butterflies in tourism diversification product: Case study at Coban Rais Waterfall, Batu, East Java. Journal of Indonesian Tourism and Development Studies, 4(3), 115-122.
- Laurent, E. L. (2000). Children, ‘Insects’ and Play in Japan. Inside; A. L. Podberscek, E.S. Paul & J.A. Serpell (Editors) Companion Animals and Us (pp. 61-89). New York: Cambridge University Press.
- Lemelin, R. H. (2007). Finding beauty in the Dragon: The role of Dragonflies in recreation and tourism. Journal of Ecotourism, 6(2), 139-145.
- Lemelin, R. H., & Lopez, P. F. J. (2019). Orange, black, and a little bit of white is the new shade of conservation: The role of tourism in Monarch Butterfly Conservation in Mexico. Journal of Ecotourism,1-13. doi: 10.1080/14724049.2019.1656726.
- Lemelin, R.H. (2013). The management of insects in recreation and tourism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Ministry of Culture and Tourism, (2007 Tourism Strategy of Turkey-2023. Kültür ve Turizm Bakanlığı yayınları, Ankara.
https://www.ktb.gov.tr/Eklenti/43537,turkeytourismstrategy2023pdf.pdf?0&_tag1=796689BB12A540BE0672E65E48D10C07D6DAE291
- Official Gazette of the Republic of Turkey. (2019). Siirt ili, merkez, Aydınlar ve Eruh ilçeleri sinirlari içerisinde bulunan bazı alanın ‘Botan Vadisi Milli Parkı’ olarak belirlenmesi hakkında karar (30859) [Decision on determining some area within the borders of Siirt province, center, Aydınlar and Eruh districts as Botan Valley National Park (30859)]. Ankara: Cumhurbaskanligi Hukuk ve Mevzuat Genel Mudurlugu. 15 August 2019. pp. 9.
- Pang, S. T., Sayok, A. K. & Jenang, M. (2016). Diversity of butterflies on Gunung Serambu, Sarawak, Malaysia. In: Das I, Tuen A. A. (Eds.) Naturalists, explorers and field scientists in South-East Asia and Australasia (pp. 197-213). Switzerland: Springer International Publishing.
- Pelham, J. P. (2020). A catalogue of the butterflies of the United States and Canada. Denver museum of natural history. Denver: Colorado, United States.
Quinn, M., & Klym, M. (2009). Texas Parks and Wildlife: An Introduction to Butterfly Watching. Texas.
- Republic of Turkey Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry. (2020). General Directorate of Meteorology. https://www.mgm.gov.tr/veridegerlendirme/il-ve-ilceler-istatistik.aspx?k=A&m=SIIRT (Accessed on: 09.07.2020)
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