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İletişim Çalışmalarına Postkolonyal Müdahale

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 15 Sayı: 1, 450 - 476, 15.04.2022
https://doi.org/10.18094/josc.987183

Öz

İletişim çalışmaları, Batılı değer yargıları üzerinde inşa edilmiş bir çalışma alanıdır. Alana Batılı kavram, kuram ve perspektiflerin hâkim olması, akademik eğitim ve araştırma süreçlerindeki Batılı, özellikle Anglofon ülkeler lehine yaşanan yapısal eşitsizlikler bu alanda Batılı bir hegemonyanın bulunduğuna işaret etmektedir. Bu hegemonyayı ortadan kaldırmaya yönelik öneriler arasında alanın batısızlaştırılması, uluslararasılaştırılması ve dekolonizasyonu yönünde müdahale çağrıları yer almıştır. Bu çağrıların ortak talebi medya ve iletişim çalışmalarının Batılı olmayan coğrafyalardaki deneyimleri de dikkate alan kapsayıcı ve çoğulcu bir nitelik kazanmasıdır. Bu yöndeki talepler Batılı bilginin evrensellik iddiasına karşı çıkması nedeniyle aynı zamanda postkolonyal bir nitelik taşımaktadır. Çeşitli akademik disiplinlerdeki yerleşik bilgilerin Avrupa-merkezci varsayımlarını ortaya koymak üzere Batılı bilgi üretim sürecine müdahale eden postkolonyal yaklaşımın etkisi iletişim çalışmaları alanında sınırlı kalmıştır. Bir taraftan küreselleşme nedeniyle medya ve iletişim araştırmalarının dünyanın farklı bölgelerini de kapsayacak şekilde yapılmasının gerekmesi, diğer taraftan postkolonyal eleştirinin iletişim alanındaki etkisinin sınırlı kalması iletişim kuram ve araştırmalarındaki Batı yanlılığını ortaya çıkarma yönünde bir motivasyon yaratmıştır. Söz konusu motivasyondan yola çıkan bu çalışma kaynak taraması yöntemiyle hazırlanmış olup iletişim çalışmalarında Batının akademik hegemonyasının ülkemizde yeterince tartışılmamış olmasından doğan boşluğu doldurmaya katkıda bulunmayı amaçlamaktadır.

Kaynakça

  • Ahluwalia, P. (2001). Politics and post-colonial theory: African Inflections. Londra ve New York: Routledge.
  • Akçay, E. (2017). Halkla ilişkileri postkolonyal perspektifle yeniden düşünmek. Selçuk İletişim, 9(4), 66-88.
  • Alatas, S.F. (2006). Alternative discourses in Asian social science: Responses to Eurocentrism. Londra, İngiltere: SAGE Publications.
  • Amin, S. (2009). Eurocentrism. New York: Monthly Review Press.
  • Ashcroft, B., Griffiths, G. ve Tiffin, H. (2013). Post-Colonial Studies: The Key Concepts (3rd ed.). New York: Routledge.
  • Bhabha, H. K. (1994). The location of culture. Londra ve New York: Routledge.
  • Blaut, J. M. (1993). The colonizer's model of the world: Geographical diffusionism and Eurocentric history. New York: Guilford.
  • Boyd-Barrett, O. (1977). Media imperialism: Towards an international framework for the analysis of media systems. J. Curran, M. Gurevitch ve J. Woollacott (Ed.). Mass Communication and Society (116-135) içinde. Londra, İngiltere: Open University Press.
  • Breit, R., Obijiofor, L., Fitzgerald, R. (2013). Internationalization as de-westernization of the curriculum: The case of journalism at an Australian University. Journal of Studies in International Education, 17(2), 119-135.
  • Chakrabarty, D. (2008). Provincializing Europe: Postcolonial thought and historical difference. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
  • Chibber, V. (2013). Post-kolonyal teori ve kapitalizmin hayaleti. (A. Y. Yılmaz, Çev.) İstanbul: İletişim.
  • Curran, J. ve Park M. J. (2000). Beyond globalization theory. J. Curran ven M. J. Park (Ed.). De-westernizing Media Studies (3–18) içinde. Londra, İngiltere: Routledge.
  • Çıtak, E. (2014). Postkolonyalizm ve Batı sinemasında Doğu-Batı ayrımına yönelik postkolonyal öğeler. Hitit Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 7(2), 561-578.
  • Dabashi, H. (2015). Can non-Europeans think? Londra, İngiltere: Zed books.
  • de Albuquerque, A., de Oliveira, T. M., dos Santos Junior, M. A. ve de Albuquerque, S. O. F. (2020). Structural limits to the de-westernization of the communication field: The editorial board in clarivate’s JCR system. Communication, Culture and Critique, 13(2), 185–203.
  • Downing, J. (1996). Internationalizing media theory: Transition, power, culture : Reflections on media in Russia, Poland and Hungary, 1980-95. Londra, İngiltere: Sage Publications.
  • Ekecrantz, J. (2009). Media and communication studies going global. Thussu, D.K. (Ed.). Internationalizing Media Studies (73-89) içinde. Londra, İngiltere: Routledge.
  • Erdoğan, İ. ve Alemdar, K. (2005). Öteki kuram: Kitle iletişim kuram ve araştırmalarının tarihsel ve eleştirel bir değerlendirmesi. Ankara: Erk Yayınları.
  • Feyerabend, P. (1993). Against method (3. bs.). Londra, İngiltere: Verso.
  • Gamage, S. (2019). Academic dependency on Western disciplinary knowledge and captive mind among South Asian sociologists: A critique. Sri Lanka Journal of Sociology, 1(1), 45-61.
  • Glück, A. (2018). De-Westernization and Decolonization in Media Studies. Erişim adresi: http://eprints.bournemouth.ac.uk/34139/13/De-Westernization_acrefore-9780190228613-e-898.pdf.
  • Golding, P. (1977). Media professionalism in the Third World: The transfer of an ideology. J. Curran, M. Gurevitch ve J. Woollacott (Ed.). Mass communication and society içinde (291–308). Londra, İngiltere: Edward Arnold.
  • Hall, S. (1992). The West and the rest: discourse and power. S. Hall and B. Gieben (Ed.). Formations of modernity içinde (275-331). Cambridge, İngiltere: Polity Press.
  • Heywood, A. (2021). Political ideologies: An introduction (7. bs). Londra, İngiltere: Macmillan Education.
  • Hiddleston, J. (2009). Understanding postcolonialism. Stocksfield, İngiltere: Acumen Publishing Limited.
  • Iwabuchi, K. (2014). De-westernisation, inter-Asian referencing and beyond. European Journal of Cultural Studies, 17(1), 44–57.
  • Joseph, J. (2002). Hegemony – A realist analysis. Londra, İngiltere: Routledge.
  • Khiabany, G. ve Sreberny, A. (2014). Beyond metropolitanism and nativism: Re-grounding media theory. Asian Journal of Social Science , 41(5): 471–491.
  • Kincaid, D. L. (1987). Communication theory: Eastern and western perspectives. San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
  • Kuhn, M. (2013). Hegemonic science: Critique strands, counterstrategies, and their paradigmatic premises. M. Kuhn ve S. Yazawa (Ed.). Theories about and Strategies against Hegemonic Social Sciences içinde (31–54). Tokyo, Japonya: Center for Glocal Studies Seijo University.
  • Kuo, E. C. Y. ve Chew, H. E. (2009). Beyond ethnocentrism in communication theory: Towards a culture-centric approach. Asian Journal of Communication, 19(4).
  • Lerner, D. (1958). The passing of traditional society: Moderning the Middle East. Glencoe, IL: Free Press.
  • Lyotard, J. F. (2013). Postmodern durum. Ankara: Bilgesu Yayıncılık.
  • McLeod, J. (2010). Beginning postcolonialism (2. bs.). Manchester ve New York. Manchester University Press.
  • McQuail, D. (2000). Some reflections on the western bias of media theory. Asian Journal of Communication, 10(2), 1-13, doi: 10.1080/01292980009364781.
  • Merton, R. K. (1968). The Matthew effect in science. Science, 159(3810), 56-63. doi: 10.1126/science.159.3810.56.
  • Okamoto, K. (2013). What is hegemonic science?: Power in scientific activities in social sciences in international contexts. M. Kuhn ve S. Yazawa (Eds). Theories about and strategies against hegemonic social sciences içinde (55-73). Tokyo, Japonya: Center for Glocal Studies.
  • Phillipson, R. (2000). Linguistic Imperialism. Shanghai, Çin: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press.
  • Phillipson, R. (1992). Linguistic Imperialism. Oxford, İngiltere. Oxford University Press.
  • Ray, T. (2012). To de-westernize, yes, but with a critical edge: A response to Gunaratne and others. Media, Culture & Society, 34(2), 238–249.
  • Rogers, E. (1962). Diffusion of innovation. New York: Free Press of Glencoe.
  • Rumelili, B. (2014). Batı merkezcilik ve postkolonyalizm. E. Balta (Ed.) Küresel siyasete giriş: Kavramlar, teoriler ve süreçler içinde (203-220). İstanbul: İletişim. Erişim adresi: https://docplayer.biz.tr/191472582-Bati-merkezcilik-ve-postkolonyalizm.html.
  • Said, E. W. (1994). Culture and imperialism. Vintage Books New York.
  • Said, E. W. (2003). Orientalism. Londra, İngiltere: Routledge and Keagan Paul.
  • Schiller, H. I. (1976). Communication and cultural domination. New York: International Arts and Sciences Press.
  • Seferoğlu, E. (2019). Gerçekten kurguya maduniyet kavramı: Halide Edip Adıvar romanları. Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 1(39), 291-302.
  • Sharp, J. (2009). Geographies of postcolonialism: Spaces of power and representation. Londra, İngiltere: SAGE.
  • Shih, C. F. (2010). Academic colonialism and the struggle for indigenous knowledge systems in Taiwan. Social Alternatives, 29(1), 44–47.
  • Shin, K. Y. (2013). The emergence of hegemonic social sciences and strategies of non(counter) hegemonic social sciences. M.Kuhn ve S. Yajawa (Ed.) Theories about and strategies against hegemonic social sciences içinde (77-93). Tokyo, Japonya: Center for Glocal Studies.
  • Shome, R. ve Hegde, R. S. (2002). Postcolonial approaches to communication: Charting the terrain, engaging the intersections. Communication Theory, 12(3), 249-270.
  • Shome, R. (2016). When postcolonial studies meets media studies. Critical Studies in Media Communication, 33(3), 245–263. Erişim adresi: tandfonline.com.
  • Sinha-Kerkhoff, K. ve Alatas, S. F. (2010). Academic dependency in the social sciences. Structural reality and intellectual challenges. New Delhi, Hindistan: Manohar.
  • Spivak, G. C. (1988). Can the subaltern speak? C. Nelson ve L. Grossberg (Ed.). Marxism and the interpretation of culture içinde (271-313). Urbana ve Chicago: University of Illinois Press.
  • Thussu, D. K. (2015). Reinventing “Many Voices”: MacBride and a digital new world information and communication order, Javnost-The Public, 22(3), 252-263.
  • Thussu, D. K. (2018). A new global communication order for a multipolar world. Communication Research and Practice, 4 (1), 52-66. Erişim adresi: ar.booksc.org/book/68302072/b60b33 on 14.07.2021.
  • Thussu, D. K. (2009a). Introduction. D. K. Thussu (Ed.), Internationalizing media studies (1-10) içinde. Londra ve New York: Routledge.
  • Thussu, D. K. (2009b). Why internationalize media studies and how? In D. K. Thussu (Ed.), Internationalizing media studies içinde (13-31). Londra ve New York: Routledge.
  • Waisbord, S. R. (2015). De-Westernization and cosmopolitan media studies. C. C. Lee (Ed.). Internationalizing international communication içinde (178–200). Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press.
  • Waisbord, S. R. (2019). Communication: A post-discipline. Cambridge: Polity Press. Erişim adresi: www.books.google.com.
  • Waisbord, S. ve Mellado, C. (2014). De-westernizing communication studies: A reassessment. Communication Theory, 24(4), 361–372. doi:10.1111 /comt.2014.24.issue-4.
  • Yeh, E. Y. (2009). Pitfalls of cross-cultural analysis: Chinese Wenyi film and melodrama. G. Wang (Ed.). De-westernizing communication research: Altering questions and changing frameworks içinde (99-116). Oxon, İngiltere: Routledge.
  • Yetişkin, E. (2010). Postkolonyal kavramlar üzerine notlar. Toplum ve Bilim Dergisi, 25, 15-21.
  • Young, R. (2004). White mythologies: Writing history and the West. Londra, İngiltere: Routledge.
  • Young, R. J. C. (2016). Postcolonialism. An historical introduction. Londra, İngiltere: John Wiley & Sons.

Postcolonial Intervention in Communication Studies

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 15 Sayı: 1, 450 - 476, 15.04.2022
https://doi.org/10.18094/josc.987183

Öz

Communication studies is a field built on Western values. The facts that Western concepts, theories and perspectives dominate the field and that the structural inequalities in the academic teaching and research in the field in favour of Western, especially Anglophone, countries indicate a Western hegemony in the field of communication studies. The suggestions to eliminate this hegemony include the calls to intervention in the communication studies by de-westernizing, internationalizing and decolonizing the field. The common goal of these calls is to make the media and communication studies more inclusive and pluralist to consider not only Western experiences, but also the experiences of the people living in non-Western geographies. These calls are also postcolonial because they challenge to the universality assertion of the Western knowledge. Although postcolonialism tries to reveal the Eurocentric assumptions established in various academic disciplines, its impact on the field of media and communication studies has remained limited. The fact that globalisation entails media and communication research to cover various regions of the world, not only the Western countries, on the one hand and the limited impact of postcolonial criticism on the field of media and communication studies on the other hand have created a motivation to reveal the Western-bias in communication theories and research. Setting out from this motivation, this paper based on a literature review aims to contribute to fill the gap in Turkey where
the Western academic hegemony in this field has not been discussed sufficiently so far.

Kaynakça

  • Ahluwalia, P. (2001). Politics and post-colonial theory: African Inflections. Londra ve New York: Routledge.
  • Akçay, E. (2017). Halkla ilişkileri postkolonyal perspektifle yeniden düşünmek. Selçuk İletişim, 9(4), 66-88.
  • Alatas, S.F. (2006). Alternative discourses in Asian social science: Responses to Eurocentrism. Londra, İngiltere: SAGE Publications.
  • Amin, S. (2009). Eurocentrism. New York: Monthly Review Press.
  • Ashcroft, B., Griffiths, G. ve Tiffin, H. (2013). Post-Colonial Studies: The Key Concepts (3rd ed.). New York: Routledge.
  • Bhabha, H. K. (1994). The location of culture. Londra ve New York: Routledge.
  • Blaut, J. M. (1993). The colonizer's model of the world: Geographical diffusionism and Eurocentric history. New York: Guilford.
  • Boyd-Barrett, O. (1977). Media imperialism: Towards an international framework for the analysis of media systems. J. Curran, M. Gurevitch ve J. Woollacott (Ed.). Mass Communication and Society (116-135) içinde. Londra, İngiltere: Open University Press.
  • Breit, R., Obijiofor, L., Fitzgerald, R. (2013). Internationalization as de-westernization of the curriculum: The case of journalism at an Australian University. Journal of Studies in International Education, 17(2), 119-135.
  • Chakrabarty, D. (2008). Provincializing Europe: Postcolonial thought and historical difference. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
  • Chibber, V. (2013). Post-kolonyal teori ve kapitalizmin hayaleti. (A. Y. Yılmaz, Çev.) İstanbul: İletişim.
  • Curran, J. ve Park M. J. (2000). Beyond globalization theory. J. Curran ven M. J. Park (Ed.). De-westernizing Media Studies (3–18) içinde. Londra, İngiltere: Routledge.
  • Çıtak, E. (2014). Postkolonyalizm ve Batı sinemasında Doğu-Batı ayrımına yönelik postkolonyal öğeler. Hitit Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 7(2), 561-578.
  • Dabashi, H. (2015). Can non-Europeans think? Londra, İngiltere: Zed books.
  • de Albuquerque, A., de Oliveira, T. M., dos Santos Junior, M. A. ve de Albuquerque, S. O. F. (2020). Structural limits to the de-westernization of the communication field: The editorial board in clarivate’s JCR system. Communication, Culture and Critique, 13(2), 185–203.
  • Downing, J. (1996). Internationalizing media theory: Transition, power, culture : Reflections on media in Russia, Poland and Hungary, 1980-95. Londra, İngiltere: Sage Publications.
  • Ekecrantz, J. (2009). Media and communication studies going global. Thussu, D.K. (Ed.). Internationalizing Media Studies (73-89) içinde. Londra, İngiltere: Routledge.
  • Erdoğan, İ. ve Alemdar, K. (2005). Öteki kuram: Kitle iletişim kuram ve araştırmalarının tarihsel ve eleştirel bir değerlendirmesi. Ankara: Erk Yayınları.
  • Feyerabend, P. (1993). Against method (3. bs.). Londra, İngiltere: Verso.
  • Gamage, S. (2019). Academic dependency on Western disciplinary knowledge and captive mind among South Asian sociologists: A critique. Sri Lanka Journal of Sociology, 1(1), 45-61.
  • Glück, A. (2018). De-Westernization and Decolonization in Media Studies. Erişim adresi: http://eprints.bournemouth.ac.uk/34139/13/De-Westernization_acrefore-9780190228613-e-898.pdf.
  • Golding, P. (1977). Media professionalism in the Third World: The transfer of an ideology. J. Curran, M. Gurevitch ve J. Woollacott (Ed.). Mass communication and society içinde (291–308). Londra, İngiltere: Edward Arnold.
  • Hall, S. (1992). The West and the rest: discourse and power. S. Hall and B. Gieben (Ed.). Formations of modernity içinde (275-331). Cambridge, İngiltere: Polity Press.
  • Heywood, A. (2021). Political ideologies: An introduction (7. bs). Londra, İngiltere: Macmillan Education.
  • Hiddleston, J. (2009). Understanding postcolonialism. Stocksfield, İngiltere: Acumen Publishing Limited.
  • Iwabuchi, K. (2014). De-westernisation, inter-Asian referencing and beyond. European Journal of Cultural Studies, 17(1), 44–57.
  • Joseph, J. (2002). Hegemony – A realist analysis. Londra, İngiltere: Routledge.
  • Khiabany, G. ve Sreberny, A. (2014). Beyond metropolitanism and nativism: Re-grounding media theory. Asian Journal of Social Science , 41(5): 471–491.
  • Kincaid, D. L. (1987). Communication theory: Eastern and western perspectives. San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
  • Kuhn, M. (2013). Hegemonic science: Critique strands, counterstrategies, and their paradigmatic premises. M. Kuhn ve S. Yazawa (Ed.). Theories about and Strategies against Hegemonic Social Sciences içinde (31–54). Tokyo, Japonya: Center for Glocal Studies Seijo University.
  • Kuo, E. C. Y. ve Chew, H. E. (2009). Beyond ethnocentrism in communication theory: Towards a culture-centric approach. Asian Journal of Communication, 19(4).
  • Lerner, D. (1958). The passing of traditional society: Moderning the Middle East. Glencoe, IL: Free Press.
  • Lyotard, J. F. (2013). Postmodern durum. Ankara: Bilgesu Yayıncılık.
  • McLeod, J. (2010). Beginning postcolonialism (2. bs.). Manchester ve New York. Manchester University Press.
  • McQuail, D. (2000). Some reflections on the western bias of media theory. Asian Journal of Communication, 10(2), 1-13, doi: 10.1080/01292980009364781.
  • Merton, R. K. (1968). The Matthew effect in science. Science, 159(3810), 56-63. doi: 10.1126/science.159.3810.56.
  • Okamoto, K. (2013). What is hegemonic science?: Power in scientific activities in social sciences in international contexts. M. Kuhn ve S. Yazawa (Eds). Theories about and strategies against hegemonic social sciences içinde (55-73). Tokyo, Japonya: Center for Glocal Studies.
  • Phillipson, R. (2000). Linguistic Imperialism. Shanghai, Çin: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press.
  • Phillipson, R. (1992). Linguistic Imperialism. Oxford, İngiltere. Oxford University Press.
  • Ray, T. (2012). To de-westernize, yes, but with a critical edge: A response to Gunaratne and others. Media, Culture & Society, 34(2), 238–249.
  • Rogers, E. (1962). Diffusion of innovation. New York: Free Press of Glencoe.
  • Rumelili, B. (2014). Batı merkezcilik ve postkolonyalizm. E. Balta (Ed.) Küresel siyasete giriş: Kavramlar, teoriler ve süreçler içinde (203-220). İstanbul: İletişim. Erişim adresi: https://docplayer.biz.tr/191472582-Bati-merkezcilik-ve-postkolonyalizm.html.
  • Said, E. W. (1994). Culture and imperialism. Vintage Books New York.
  • Said, E. W. (2003). Orientalism. Londra, İngiltere: Routledge and Keagan Paul.
  • Schiller, H. I. (1976). Communication and cultural domination. New York: International Arts and Sciences Press.
  • Seferoğlu, E. (2019). Gerçekten kurguya maduniyet kavramı: Halide Edip Adıvar romanları. Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 1(39), 291-302.
  • Sharp, J. (2009). Geographies of postcolonialism: Spaces of power and representation. Londra, İngiltere: SAGE.
  • Shih, C. F. (2010). Academic colonialism and the struggle for indigenous knowledge systems in Taiwan. Social Alternatives, 29(1), 44–47.
  • Shin, K. Y. (2013). The emergence of hegemonic social sciences and strategies of non(counter) hegemonic social sciences. M.Kuhn ve S. Yajawa (Ed.) Theories about and strategies against hegemonic social sciences içinde (77-93). Tokyo, Japonya: Center for Glocal Studies.
  • Shome, R. ve Hegde, R. S. (2002). Postcolonial approaches to communication: Charting the terrain, engaging the intersections. Communication Theory, 12(3), 249-270.
  • Shome, R. (2016). When postcolonial studies meets media studies. Critical Studies in Media Communication, 33(3), 245–263. Erişim adresi: tandfonline.com.
  • Sinha-Kerkhoff, K. ve Alatas, S. F. (2010). Academic dependency in the social sciences. Structural reality and intellectual challenges. New Delhi, Hindistan: Manohar.
  • Spivak, G. C. (1988). Can the subaltern speak? C. Nelson ve L. Grossberg (Ed.). Marxism and the interpretation of culture içinde (271-313). Urbana ve Chicago: University of Illinois Press.
  • Thussu, D. K. (2015). Reinventing “Many Voices”: MacBride and a digital new world information and communication order, Javnost-The Public, 22(3), 252-263.
  • Thussu, D. K. (2018). A new global communication order for a multipolar world. Communication Research and Practice, 4 (1), 52-66. Erişim adresi: ar.booksc.org/book/68302072/b60b33 on 14.07.2021.
  • Thussu, D. K. (2009a). Introduction. D. K. Thussu (Ed.), Internationalizing media studies (1-10) içinde. Londra ve New York: Routledge.
  • Thussu, D. K. (2009b). Why internationalize media studies and how? In D. K. Thussu (Ed.), Internationalizing media studies içinde (13-31). Londra ve New York: Routledge.
  • Waisbord, S. R. (2015). De-Westernization and cosmopolitan media studies. C. C. Lee (Ed.). Internationalizing international communication içinde (178–200). Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press.
  • Waisbord, S. R. (2019). Communication: A post-discipline. Cambridge: Polity Press. Erişim adresi: www.books.google.com.
  • Waisbord, S. ve Mellado, C. (2014). De-westernizing communication studies: A reassessment. Communication Theory, 24(4), 361–372. doi:10.1111 /comt.2014.24.issue-4.
  • Yeh, E. Y. (2009). Pitfalls of cross-cultural analysis: Chinese Wenyi film and melodrama. G. Wang (Ed.). De-westernizing communication research: Altering questions and changing frameworks içinde (99-116). Oxon, İngiltere: Routledge.
  • Yetişkin, E. (2010). Postkolonyal kavramlar üzerine notlar. Toplum ve Bilim Dergisi, 25, 15-21.
  • Young, R. (2004). White mythologies: Writing history and the West. Londra, İngiltere: Routledge.
  • Young, R. J. C. (2016). Postcolonialism. An historical introduction. Londra, İngiltere: John Wiley & Sons.
Toplam 64 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular İletişim ve Medya Çalışmaları
Bölüm Derleme Makaleler
Yazarlar

Sibel Fügan Varol 0000-0003-3234-2518

Yayımlanma Tarihi 15 Nisan 2022
Gönderilme Tarihi 25 Ağustos 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 15 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Varol, S. F. (2022). İletişim Çalışmalarına Postkolonyal Müdahale. Selçuk İletişim, 15(1), 450-476. https://doi.org/10.18094/josc.987183