TR
EN
Evaluation of Water Levels and Flow Rates Measured in Irrigation Canal Using Limnigraph, Pressure and Ultrasonic Sensors
Öz
Anything that cannot be measured cannot be managed. Based on the thought, the aims of this study are to evaluate water levels and flow rates measured by Limnigraph (OEL), pressure sensor (PS) and ultrasonic sensors (US) in the open irrigation canal. Limnigraph and pressure sensor sensed water levels and flow rates under un-fluctuating conditions in the Stilling Well and ultrasonic sensors directly measured them from water surface under fluctuating conditions at the Kartalkaya Dam in Kahramanmaraş. Assuming Limnigraph water level and flow rates readings correct and water levels and flow rates of Limnigraph were compared with that of pressure and ultrasonic sensor. Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) and ANOVA tests were done on 2454 observations. Average of water level and flow rates of limnigraph, pressure and ultrasonic sensor were 928±4.9 mm and 4.61±0.038 m3s-1, 927±4.9mm and 4.62±0.037 m3s-1, and 922±4.9 mm and 4.58±0.037 m3s-1, respectively. Differences between the average water levels and flow rates were 1 mm (928-927) and 0.01 m3s-1 (4.61-4.62) under un-fluctuating and 6 mm (928-922) and 0.03 m3s-1 (4.61-4.58) under fluctuating conditions. The fluctuation increased the differences between the average water levels and flow rates. MAPE of water levels and flow rates for pressure and ultrasonic sensor were calculated as 0.741% and 1.466% under un-fluctuation, and 1.453% and 2.490% under fluctuation conditions, respectively and since they were below 10%, the levels of agreement between the two data sets are considered as “very good”. However, fluctuation conditions increased MAPEs from 0.741% to 1.453%, from 1.466% to 2.490%. The water levels and flow rates of both sensors were not statistically different from those of optic encoder Limnigraph. Accordingly, both sensors can be used to measure water levels and flow rates in open irrigation canal but un-fluctuating conditions should be preferred. In addition, ultrasonic sensors can be used in environments that block, corrode the pressure sensors and make it difficult to use by floating objects.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Destekleyen Kurum
KSU BAP
Proje Numarası
2017/4-2 YLS
Teşekkür
BU projeyi destekleyen KSÜ BAP' a teşekkür ederim
Kaynakça
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- Ali, M., Gençoğlan, C., Gençoğlan, S. and Uçak, A. B. (2021). Yield and water use of eggplants (Solanum melongena L.) under different irrigation regimes and fertilizers. Journal of Tekirdag Agricultural Faculty, 18(3): 533-544.
- Ardıçlıoğlu, M. ve İlkentapar, M. (2015). Açık Kanal Savak Akımlarında Debinin Farklı Yöntemler ile Belirlenmesi. İMO, 4. Su Yapıları Sempozyumu, s: 371-380 19-21 Kasım, Antalya, Türkiye. (in Turkish).
- Ardıçlıoğlu, M., Ozdin, S., Gemici, E. and Kalin, L. (2010). Determination of flow properties in shallow flow river, Dryland Hydrology: Global Changes and Local Solution. Arizona Hydrological Society Symposium, September 1-4, Tucson, AZ, USA.
- Atek (2020). Pressure Transmitter. http://www.ateksensor.com (Accessed date:08.05.2020) Bello, M. I., Gana, S. M., Faruk, M. I. and Umar, M. J. (2018). Autonomous ultrasonic based water level detection and control system. Nigerian Journal of Technology, 37(2):508-513.
- Çakmak, B. ve Tekiner, M. (2010). Çanakkale Kepez Kooperatifinde Sulama Performansının Değerlendirilmesi. 1. Sulama ve Tarımsal Yapılar Sempozyumu, s.279-290, 27-29 Mayıs, Kahramanmaraş, Türkiye.
Ayrıntılar
Birincil Dil
İngilizce
Konular
Sulama Sistemleri
Bölüm
Araştırma Makalesi
Erken Görünüm Tarihi
12 Eylül 2023
Yayımlanma Tarihi
26 Eylül 2023
Gönderilme Tarihi
19 Kasım 2022
Kabul Tarihi
19 Ocak 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı
Yıl 2023 Cilt: 20 Sayı: 3
APA
Gençoğlan, C., Tüysüz, M. D., & Gençoğlan, S. (2023). Evaluation of Water Levels and Flow Rates Measured in Irrigation Canal Using Limnigraph, Pressure and Ultrasonic Sensors. Tekirdağ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 20(3), 642-652. https://doi.org/10.33462/jotaf.1207167
AMA
1.Gençoğlan C, Tüysüz MD, Gençoğlan S. Evaluation of Water Levels and Flow Rates Measured in Irrigation Canal Using Limnigraph, Pressure and Ultrasonic Sensors. JOTAF. 2023;20(3):642-652. doi:10.33462/jotaf.1207167
Chicago
Gençoğlan, Cafer, Mehmet Durak Tüysüz, ve Serpil Gençoğlan. 2023. “Evaluation of Water Levels and Flow Rates Measured in Irrigation Canal Using Limnigraph, Pressure and Ultrasonic Sensors”. Tekirdağ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi 20 (3): 642-52. https://doi.org/10.33462/jotaf.1207167.
EndNote
Gençoğlan C, Tüysüz MD, Gençoğlan S (01 Eylül 2023) Evaluation of Water Levels and Flow Rates Measured in Irrigation Canal Using Limnigraph, Pressure and Ultrasonic Sensors. Tekirdağ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi 20 3 642–652.
IEEE
[1]C. Gençoğlan, M. D. Tüysüz, ve S. Gençoğlan, “Evaluation of Water Levels and Flow Rates Measured in Irrigation Canal Using Limnigraph, Pressure and Ultrasonic Sensors”, JOTAF, c. 20, sy 3, ss. 642–652, Eyl. 2023, doi: 10.33462/jotaf.1207167.
ISNAD
Gençoğlan, Cafer - Tüysüz, Mehmet Durak - Gençoğlan, Serpil. “Evaluation of Water Levels and Flow Rates Measured in Irrigation Canal Using Limnigraph, Pressure and Ultrasonic Sensors”. Tekirdağ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi 20/3 (01 Eylül 2023): 642-652. https://doi.org/10.33462/jotaf.1207167.
JAMA
1.Gençoğlan C, Tüysüz MD, Gençoğlan S. Evaluation of Water Levels and Flow Rates Measured in Irrigation Canal Using Limnigraph, Pressure and Ultrasonic Sensors. JOTAF. 2023;20:642–652.
MLA
Gençoğlan, Cafer, vd. “Evaluation of Water Levels and Flow Rates Measured in Irrigation Canal Using Limnigraph, Pressure and Ultrasonic Sensors”. Tekirdağ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, c. 20, sy 3, Eylül 2023, ss. 642-5, doi:10.33462/jotaf.1207167.
Vancouver
1.Cafer Gençoğlan, Mehmet Durak Tüysüz, Serpil Gençoğlan. Evaluation of Water Levels and Flow Rates Measured in Irrigation Canal Using Limnigraph, Pressure and Ultrasonic Sensors. JOTAF. 01 Eylül 2023;20(3):642-5. doi:10.33462/jotaf.1207167