Araştırma Makalesi

Evaluation of Water Levels and Flow Rates Measured in Irrigation Canal Using Limnigraph, Pressure and Ultrasonic Sensors

Cilt: 20 Sayı: 3 26 Eylül 2023
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Evaluation of Water Levels and Flow Rates Measured in Irrigation Canal Using Limnigraph, Pressure and Ultrasonic Sensors

Öz

Anything that cannot be measured cannot be managed. Based on the thought, the aims of this study are to evaluate water levels and flow rates measured by Limnigraph (OEL), pressure sensor (PS) and ultrasonic sensors (US) in the open irrigation canal. Limnigraph and pressure sensor sensed water levels and flow rates under un-fluctuating conditions in the Stilling Well and ultrasonic sensors directly measured them from water surface under fluctuating conditions at the Kartalkaya Dam in Kahramanmaraş. Assuming Limnigraph water level and flow rates readings correct and water levels and flow rates of Limnigraph were compared with that of pressure and ultrasonic sensor. Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) and ANOVA tests were done on 2454 observations. Average of water level and flow rates of limnigraph, pressure and ultrasonic sensor were 928±4.9 mm and 4.61±0.038 m3s-1, 927±4.9mm and 4.62±0.037 m3s-1, and 922±4.9 mm and 4.58±0.037 m3s-1, respectively. Differences between the average water levels and flow rates were 1 mm (928-927) and 0.01 m3s-1 (4.61-4.62) under un-fluctuating and 6 mm (928-922) and 0.03 m3s-1 (4.61-4.58) under fluctuating conditions. The fluctuation increased the differences between the average water levels and flow rates. MAPE of water levels and flow rates for pressure and ultrasonic sensor were calculated as 0.741% and 1.466% under un-fluctuation, and 1.453% and 2.490% under fluctuation conditions, respectively and since they were below 10%, the levels of agreement between the two data sets are considered as “very good”. However, fluctuation conditions increased MAPEs from 0.741% to 1.453%, from 1.466% to 2.490%. The water levels and flow rates of both sensors were not statistically different from those of optic encoder Limnigraph. Accordingly, both sensors can be used to measure water levels and flow rates in open irrigation canal but un-fluctuating conditions should be preferred. In addition, ultrasonic sensors can be used in environments that block, corrode the pressure sensors and make it difficult to use by floating objects.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Destekleyen Kurum

KSU BAP

Proje Numarası

2017/4-2 YLS

Teşekkür

BU projeyi destekleyen KSÜ BAP' a teşekkür ederim

Kaynakça

  1. Abed, B. S. (2021). Flow Measurements in Open Channels Using Integrating-Floats. Journal of Engineering, 27(1):130-141.
  2. Acatay, S. T. (1996). Sulama Mühendisliği, İzmir Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Vakfı Basım ve Yayın Merkezi, İzmir (in Turkish).
  3. Alfa, M. I., Adie, D. B., Ajibike, M. A. and Mudiare, O. J. (2018). Development of rating curve for Ofu River at Oforachi Hydrometric Station. Nigerian Journal of Technological Development, 15(1), 14-19.
  4. Ali, M., Gençoğlan, C., Gençoğlan, S. and Uçak, A. B. (2021). Yield and water use of eggplants (Solanum melongena L.) under different irrigation regimes and fertilizers. Journal of Tekirdag Agricultural Faculty, 18(3): 533-544.
  5. Ardıçlıoğlu, M. ve İlkentapar, M. (2015). Açık Kanal Savak Akımlarında Debinin Farklı Yöntemler ile Belirlenmesi. İMO, 4. Su Yapıları Sempozyumu, s: 371-380 19-21 Kasım, Antalya, Türkiye. (in Turkish).
  6. Ardıçlıoğlu, M., Ozdin, S., Gemici, E. and Kalin, L. (2010). Determination of flow properties in shallow flow river, Dryland Hydrology: Global Changes and Local Solution. Arizona Hydrological Society Symposium, September 1-4, Tucson, AZ, USA.
  7. Atek (2020). Pressure Transmitter. http://www.ateksensor.com (Accessed date:08.05.2020) Bello, M. I., Gana, S. M., Faruk, M. I. and Umar, M. J. (2018). Autonomous ultrasonic based water level detection and control system. Nigerian Journal of Technology, 37(2):508-513.
  8. Çakmak, B. ve Tekiner, M. (2010). Çanakkale Kepez Kooperatifinde Sulama Performansının Değerlendirilmesi. 1. Sulama ve Tarımsal Yapılar Sempozyumu, s.279-290, 27-29 Mayıs, Kahramanmaraş, Türkiye.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

İngilizce

Konular

Sulama Sistemleri

Bölüm

Araştırma Makalesi

Erken Görünüm Tarihi

12 Eylül 2023

Yayımlanma Tarihi

26 Eylül 2023

Gönderilme Tarihi

19 Kasım 2022

Kabul Tarihi

19 Ocak 2023

Yayımlandığı Sayı

Yıl 2023 Cilt: 20 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA
Gençoğlan, C., Tüysüz, M. D., & Gençoğlan, S. (2023). Evaluation of Water Levels and Flow Rates Measured in Irrigation Canal Using Limnigraph, Pressure and Ultrasonic Sensors. Tekirdağ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 20(3), 642-652. https://doi.org/10.33462/jotaf.1207167
AMA
1.Gençoğlan C, Tüysüz MD, Gençoğlan S. Evaluation of Water Levels and Flow Rates Measured in Irrigation Canal Using Limnigraph, Pressure and Ultrasonic Sensors. JOTAF. 2023;20(3):642-652. doi:10.33462/jotaf.1207167
Chicago
Gençoğlan, Cafer, Mehmet Durak Tüysüz, ve Serpil Gençoğlan. 2023. “Evaluation of Water Levels and Flow Rates Measured in Irrigation Canal Using Limnigraph, Pressure and Ultrasonic Sensors”. Tekirdağ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi 20 (3): 642-52. https://doi.org/10.33462/jotaf.1207167.
EndNote
Gençoğlan C, Tüysüz MD, Gençoğlan S (01 Eylül 2023) Evaluation of Water Levels and Flow Rates Measured in Irrigation Canal Using Limnigraph, Pressure and Ultrasonic Sensors. Tekirdağ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi 20 3 642–652.
IEEE
[1]C. Gençoğlan, M. D. Tüysüz, ve S. Gençoğlan, “Evaluation of Water Levels and Flow Rates Measured in Irrigation Canal Using Limnigraph, Pressure and Ultrasonic Sensors”, JOTAF, c. 20, sy 3, ss. 642–652, Eyl. 2023, doi: 10.33462/jotaf.1207167.
ISNAD
Gençoğlan, Cafer - Tüysüz, Mehmet Durak - Gençoğlan, Serpil. “Evaluation of Water Levels and Flow Rates Measured in Irrigation Canal Using Limnigraph, Pressure and Ultrasonic Sensors”. Tekirdağ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi 20/3 (01 Eylül 2023): 642-652. https://doi.org/10.33462/jotaf.1207167.
JAMA
1.Gençoğlan C, Tüysüz MD, Gençoğlan S. Evaluation of Water Levels and Flow Rates Measured in Irrigation Canal Using Limnigraph, Pressure and Ultrasonic Sensors. JOTAF. 2023;20:642–652.
MLA
Gençoğlan, Cafer, vd. “Evaluation of Water Levels and Flow Rates Measured in Irrigation Canal Using Limnigraph, Pressure and Ultrasonic Sensors”. Tekirdağ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, c. 20, sy 3, Eylül 2023, ss. 642-5, doi:10.33462/jotaf.1207167.
Vancouver
1.Cafer Gençoğlan, Mehmet Durak Tüysüz, Serpil Gençoğlan. Evaluation of Water Levels and Flow Rates Measured in Irrigation Canal Using Limnigraph, Pressure and Ultrasonic Sensors. JOTAF. 01 Eylül 2023;20(3):642-5. doi:10.33462/jotaf.1207167

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