Effects of Deficit Irrigation to Some Bio – Active Compounds, Quality Traits and Grain Yield in Maize

Öz

As a result of environmental difficulties and water scarcity, maize production has been challenged in arid and semi – arid regions. A management strategy for stabilizing corn production under water shortage conditions involves the use of drought – tolerant hybrids and suitable irrigation regimes. The study was conducted in the Prof. Dr. Abdulkadir AKÇIN trial area of “Selcuk University, Agriculture Faculty, Crop Science Department, Konya, TÜRKİYE” during 2019 and 2020 growing seasons. The aim of the current work is determining the effects of deficit irrigation and grain colour factors on water shortage tolerance of maize in terms of bio – active compounds, quality traits and grain yield. The factors of the trial were irrigations [50% (I1), 75% (I2) and 100% (I3) of evaporation from Class A evaporation PAN] and genotypes [DKC 5783, red corn and Sakarya]. It was noted that DKC 5783 had the highest values at two (thousand grain weight, grain yield), Sakarya had at two (total phenolic compounds and grain crude oil) and red corn had at four (total anthocyanin content, total antioxidant activity, grain crude protein and starch) properties among eight under I1 during 2019 as well as red corn had at two (total anthocyanin content and total phenolic compounds), Sakarya had at two (grain crude protein and grain crude oil) and DKC 5783 had highest values at four (thousand grain weight, total antioxidant activity, starch and grain yield) features among eight under I1 during 2020. Thousand grain weight values of I3 were 6.71% and 0.57% more than I2 while starch was 9.19% and 3.96% more than I2 during 2019 – 2020. Red corn had better contents of bio – active compounds than other two varieties during both years of the trial. The mean yield of I3 was 6.87% more than I2 in 2019 and 9.05% more than I2 in 2020 which revealed that regulated deficit irrigation might help growers to cope with decline in water availability also 25% water restriction caused tolerable decreases in grain yield and some yield compounds of the current work.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Water scarcity
• Physiology
• Anthocyanins
• Antioxidants
• Phenolics

Kısıtlı Sulama Uygulamalarının Mısırda Bazı Biyo – Aktif Bileşenler, Kalite Özellikleri ve Tane Verimine Etkileri

Öz

Mısır üretimi kurak ve yarı kurak bölgelerde çevresel problemler ve su kıtlığının bir sonucu olarak zorlaşmaktadır. Kuraklığa dayanıklı hibritlerin ve uygun sulama rejimlerinin belirlenmesi su kıtlığı koşullarında mısır üretimini stabilize etmeye yönelik stratejilerdir. Deneme mısırda kısıtlı sulama uygulamaları ve tane rengi faktörünün bazı kalite özellikleri üzerine etkilerini belirlemek amacıyla 2019 – 2020 yetiştirme sezonlarında “Selçuk Üniversitesi, Ziraat Fakültesi, Tarla Bitkileri Bölümü, Prof. Dr. Abdulkadir AKÇIN Deneme Alanı, Konya, TÜRKİYE” de yürütülmüştür. Denemede faktör olarak sulama [Class A evaporasyon kabından gerçekleşen buharlaşmanın %50 (I1)’ si, %75 (I2)’ i ve %100 (I3)’ ü] ve genotipler [DKC 5783, kırmızı mısır ve Sakarya] yer almıştır. DKC 5783’ ün 2019 yılı I1 uygulamasında sekiz özelliğin ikisinde (bin tane ağırlığı ve tane verimi), Sakarya’ nın ikisinde (total fenolik bileşenler ve tane ham yağı), kırmızı mısırın dördünde (total antosiyanin içeriği, total antioksidan aktivitesi, tane ham protein ve nişasta) en yüksek değerlere sahip oldukları, bununla birlikte kırmızı mısırın 2020 yılı I1 uygulamasında sekiz özelliğin ikisinde (total antosiyanin içeriği ve total fenolik bileşenler), Sakarya’ nın ikisinde (tane ham protein ve tane ham yağ), DKC 5783’ ün ise dördünde (bin tane ağırlığı, total antioksidan aktivitesi, nişasta ve tane verimi) en yüksek değerlere sahip oldukları kaydedilmiştir. 2019 – 2020 yetiştirme sezonlarının I3 uygulamasında bin tane ağırlığının I2’ ye göre sırasıyla %6.71 ve %0.57 yüksek olduğu, nişasta içeriğinin ise her iki yılda da I2’ ye göre %9.19 ve %3.96 yüksek bulunduğu belirlenmiştir. Kırmızı renkli mısırın biyo – aktif bileşen içeriğinin denemenin her iki yılında da diğer varyetelerden daha iyi olduğu görülmüştür. 2019 yılında I3’ teki ortalama verim I2’ den %6.87, 2020 de ise %9.05 yüksek bulunmuş, bu sonuçlar kısıtlı sulama uygulamalarının su kullanım etkinliğini olumlu yönde etkilediğini göstermiştir. Ayrıca %25’ lik su kısıntısının mevcut çalışmada bazı verim unsurlarında tolere edilebilir kayıplar oluşturduğu izlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Su kıtlığı
• Fizyoloji
• Antosiyaninler
• Antioksidanlar
• Fenolikler

Kaynakça

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