Mardin İli Zeytin Üreticilerinin Tarımsal İlaç Ürünlerinin Uygulamasında Tutum ve Bilgi Seviyelerinin Değerlendilirlenmesi

Öz

Zeytin içerdiği vitaminler sayesinde insan beslenmesinde ve sağlığında yer alan temel besin maddelerin birisidir. Zeytin bahçelerinde bu önemli besin maddesinde verim ve kalite kaybına neden olan, birçok hastalık, zararlı ve yabancı ot türü bulunmaktadır. Üreticiler mevcut olan bu zararlılarla mücadelede bitki koruma uygulamalarında farklı yöntemleri kullanmaktadırlar. Bu çalışma 2020 yılında zeytin üretiminin yoğun olarak yapıldığı Mardin ili Derik ilçesi zeytin üreticilerinin bitki koruma uygulamalarında farkındalık düzeylerini belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Bunun için, basit tesadüfi örneklemeyle 15 köyde, toplam 90 adet üreticiyle yüz yüze yürütülen 20 soruluk anket metoduyla toplanan bilgiler yüzde oran üzerinde değerlendirmeler yapılmıştır. Çalışma sonuçlarına göre zeytincilik yapan çiftçilerin, eğitim düzeylerinin yüksek ve çoğunluğunun tarımla birlikte tarım dışı başka gelirleri olduğu belirlenmiştir. Zeytincilikle uğraşanların bitki koruma ürünlerini seçiminde ve dozunu ayarlamasında bitki koruma bayiliklerine ve Tarım ve Orman il/ilçe Müdürlüğüne danışmaktadırlar. Kimyasal ilaç seçiminde marka ve etken maddelerinin önemli bir özellik olup, zararlı ve hastalıkları görmeden tedbir amaçlı önceden ilaç uygularken her yıl aynı hastalık ve zararlılara karşı aynı zirai ilacı kullanmadıkları ve tavsiye edilen dozu uyguladıklarını ifade etmişlerdir. Üreticilerin kimyasal ilaçların ürünler üzerinde kalıntı bıraktıklarından dolayı son ilaçlama ile hasat zamanı arasındaki bekleme zamanına özen gösterdikleri ve Kimyasal ilaç uygulama esnasında kendi sağlığı açısından koruyucu önlemleri almaktadırlar. Bununla birlikte ilaçlamadan önce herhangi bir kalibrasyon yapmadıkları ve kullandıkları kimyasal ilaçları karıştırarak uyguladıklarını, ilaçlama sonrasında ise ilaçlama aletlerini temizledikleri ve kullanılan kimyasalların boş kaplarını ve ambalajlarını çevreye rastgele atmadıklarını bildirmişlerdir. Çiftçiler, tarımsal alanda karşılaştıkları bitki koruma sorunlarını çözmede genellikle kimyasal mücadele ile birlikte kültürel tedbirleri de uygulamaktadır. Ancak kimyasalların zamanla insan ve çevre sağlığı açısında birçok olumsuz durum yaratması kaçınılmazdır. Bu sebeple arzu edilmeyen yan etkilere maruz kalmamak için bitki koruma uygulamalarında uygun olan yöntemleri kullanarak etkin, ekonomik ve çevreci bir mücadele yapılması önemlidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Bitki koruma sorunları
• Anket
• Zeytin
• Mardin

Evaluation of Attitudes and Knowledge Levels of Olive Producers in the Application of Agricultural Pharmaceuticals (Mardin Province)

Öz

Olives are one of the essential nutrients in human nutrition and health, thanks to the vitamins they contain. There are many diseases, pests and weed species in olive gardens that cause a loss of productivity and quality of this important nutrient. Producers use different methods in plant protection practices to combat these existing pests. This study was conducted to determine the awareness levels of olive producers about plant protection practices in Derik district of Mardin province, where olive production was intense in 2020. For this purpose, the information collected through a 20-question survey method conducted face to face with a total of 90 producers in 15 villages through simple random sampling was evaluated on a percentage basis. According to the results of the current study, it was determined that the olive farmers had high education levels, and the majority of them had other non-agricultural incomes besides agriculture. Those engaged in olive cultivation consult plant protection dealerships and the provincial/district Directorate of Agriculture and Forestry in choosing plant protection products and adjusting their dosage. They stated that the brand and active ingredients are important features in the selection of chemical pesticides, and while they apply pesticides in advance for precautionary purposes without seeing the pests and diseases, they do not use the same pesticides against the same diseases and pests every year and apply the recommended dosage. Producers pay attention to the waiting time between the last spraying and harvest time due to the fact that chemical pesticides leave residues on the products, and they take protective measures for their own health during chemical pesticide application. In order to solve the plant protection problems faced by farmers in the agricultural field, cultural measures are generally applied along with chemical control. However, it is inevitable that chemicals will create many negative situations for human and environmental health over time. For this reason, it is important to carry out an effective, economical and environmentally friendly struggle using appropriate methods in plant protection practices in order to avoid being exposed to undesirable side effects.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Plant Protection Problems
• Survey
• Olive
• Mardin

Etik Beyan

There is no need to obtain permission from the ethics committee for this study.

Kaynakça

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