İğde (Elaeagnus angustifolia L.) Yapraklarında Klorofil, Antioksidan Enzimler ve Besin Elementlerinin İncelenmesi: Dört Farklı İl Üzerine Karşılaştırmalı Bir Çalışma

Öz

Türkiye’nin birçok bölgesinde farklı rakımlarda sıklıkla rastlanan iğde (Elaeagnus angustifolia L.) bitkisi, çevresel stres faktörlerinin birçoğuna karşı dayanıklı bir tür olmasıyla bilinmektedir. Çeşitli stres faktörlerine bağlı olarak hem yapraklardaki klorofil miktarı hem de antioksidan enzim aktiviteleri değişkenlik göstermektedir. Özellikle antioksidan enzimler stres koşullarına uyum sağlamada etkin bir role sahiptir. Bu çalışmada Manisa, Adana, Sivas ve Tokat illerinden iki farklı yılda toplanan iğde (E. angustifolia L.) bitkisi yapraklarının klorofil miktarlarının, katalaz (CAT), peroksidaz (POD) ve askorbat peroksidaz (APX) gibi bazı antioksidan enzim aktivitelerinin ve besin elementi konsantrasyonlarının belirlenmesi ve bu parametrelerin bölgesel ve zamansal değişimlerinin tespit edilmesi ve söz konusu değişimlerin bitkinin fizyolojik adaptasyon mekanizmalarıyla ilişkilendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmada, 2022 ve 2023 yıllarında her ilde aynı konumda bulunan iki iğde ağacının orta dallarından olacak şekilde örnekleme yapılmış ve her örnekte 3 tekrarlı olarak besin elementi konsantrasyonları, klorofil miktarı, CAT, POD ve APX aktiviteleri belirlenmiştir. Çalışmada belirlenen her parametre SPSS 22.0 programı ile ANOVA varyans analizine tabii tutulmuştur. Çalışmadan elde edilen sonuçlara göre, iğde yapraklarının klorofil miktarları, antioksidan enzim aktiviteleri ve besin elementi konsantrasyonları hem bölgesel hem de zamansal açıdan farklılıklar göstermiştir. Tüm bölgelerde 2022 yılında ortalama klorofil miktarı ve APX aktivitesi daha yüksek bulunurken, CAT ve POD aktiviteleri ile çoğu besin elementi konsantrasyonu 2023 yılında daha yüksek bulunmuştur. Bölgesel açıdan değerlendirildiğinde, en yüksek ortalama klorofil miktarı (87.17 cci) ve POD aktivitesi (110.33 EU g⁻¹ fw) Adana ili örneklerinde belirlenirken, en yüksek CAT (247.21 EU g⁻¹ fw) ve APX aktivitesi (70.25 EU g⁻¹ fw) Manisa ili örneklerinde tespit edilmiştir. Besin elementi konsantrasyonlarının tüm bölgelerde yeterli düzeylerde olduğu ve birçok element bakımından Adana ili örneklerinin daha yüksek değerlere sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir. Genel olarak bu sonuçlar, iğde bitkisinin farklı ekolojik koşullara ve yıllar arası çevresel değişkenliğe bağlı olarak belirgin fizyolojik uyum stratejileri geliştirdiğini göstermekte; antioksidan savunma sistemi ve besin elementi durumunun bu adaptasyon sürecindeki önemini vurgulamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• İğde
• (Elaeagnus angustifolia L.)
• Besin elementleri
• Antioksidan enzimler
• Fizyolojik adaptasyon
• Spatiotemporal değişimler

Assessment of Chlorophyll, Antioxidant Enzymes, and Nutrient Elements in Oleaster (Elaeagnus angustifolia L.) Leaves: A Comparative Study from Four Turkish Provinces

Öz

The oleaster (Elaeagnus angustifolia L.) plant, commonly found at different altitudes in many regions of Türkiye, is known for being resistant to many environmental stress factors. Depending on various stress factors, both the amount of chlorophyll in the leaves and the activities of antioxidant enzymes vary. Especially, antioxidant enzymes play an active role in adapting to stress conditions. This study aimed to determine the chlorophyll contents, the activities of certain antioxidant enzymes such as catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and the nutrient element concentrations in the leaves of oleaster (E. angustifolia L.) collected from the provinces of Manisa, Adana, Sivas, and Tokat in two different years. It also aimed to identify the regional and temporal variations in these parameters and to relate these variations to the physiological adaptation mechanisms of the plant. In the study, sampling was carried out in 2022 and 2023 from the middle branches of two oleaster trees located in the same location in each province. For each sample, nutrient element concentrations, chlorophyll content, and the activities of CAT, POD, and APX were determined with three replications. Each parameter identified in the study was subjected to ANOVA variance analysis using the SPSS 22.0 software. According to the results obtained from the study, the chlorophyll amount, antioxidant enzyme activities, and nutrient element concentrations of the oleaster leaves showed differences both regionally and temporally. In all regions, the average chlorophyll content and APX activity were found to be higher in 2022, whereas CAT and POD activities and the concentrations of most nutrient elements were higher in 2023. From a regional perspective, the highest average chlorophyll content (87.17 cci) and POD activity (110.33 EU g⁻¹ fw) were recorded in samples from Adana province, while the highest CAT (247.21 EU g⁻¹ fw) and APX activities (70.25 EU g⁻¹ fw) were observed in samples from Manisa province. Nutrient element concentrations were found to be at sufficient levels in all regions, and samples from Adana generally exhibited higher values for many elements. Overall, these results indicate that oleaster develops pronounced physiological adaptation strategies in response to different ecological conditions and interannual environmental variability, highlighting the importance of the antioxidant defense system and nutrient element status in this adaptation process.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Oleaster (Elaeagnus angustifolia L.)
• Nutrients
• Antioxidant enzymes
• Physiological adaptation
• Spatiotemporal changes

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